Name: studying wnt signaling during patterning of conducting airways
Uploaded: 2016-10-16T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 13 min
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways at JoVE.com

ونحن نعترف مساعدة مايك Muntifering ومات Kofron مع التصوير متحد البؤر وغيل ماكي مع إجراءات النسيجية. وأيد هذا العمل جزئيا من قبل المعاهد الوطنية للصحة، NHLBI (K01HL115447 إلى DS).

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D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt+signaling+regulates+smooth+muscle+precursor+development+in+the+mouse+lung+via+a+tenascin+C/PDGFR+pathway.">Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.</a> J Clin Invest. 119, 2538-2549 (2009).</li><li>Boucherat, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partial+functional+redundancy+between+Hoxa5+and+Hoxb5+paralog+genes+during+lung+morphogenesis.">Partial functional redundancy between Hoxa5 and Hoxb5 paralog genes during lung morphogenesis.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 304, L817-L830 (2013).</li></ol>

&quot;الكتاب ليس لديهم ما يكشف.&quot;

الأحداث الكامنة وراء التشكل من الجهاز التنفسي ليست مفهومة تماما، وخاصة العمليات اللازمة لتنميط الشعب الهوائية إجراء. وقد استخدمت الدراسات السابقة المجراة سابقا تقنيات حيث إإكسبلنتس النامية مثقف في الطور البيني الهواء السائل أو جزءا لا يتجزأ من matrigel 21،22....

يبدأ تطوير الجهاز التنفسي بعد يوم الجنينية 9 (E9) مع ظهور خلايا إيجابية Nkx2.1 في الأديم الباطن بطني المعى الأمامي 1،2. وفصل أنبوب المريء القصبة الهوائية حل من قبل E11.5 عندما الأنابيب يمكن تمييزها باعتبارها كيانات متميزة، كل تحيط بها الأنسجة الوسيطة 3. يشير WNT تلعب دورا رئيسيا في مواصفات الجهاز التنفسي كما حذف Wnt2 وWnt2b، التي أعرب عنها اللحمة المتوسطة حشوي وحذف β-كاتينين من ظهارة تنفسية الأديم الباطن سوف يؤدي إلى عدم تخلق الرئة 4،5. قررت دراساتنا السابقة أن حذف ولس، مستقبلات البضائع التوسط إفراز كل بروابط WNT، من الأديم الباطن النتائج الجهاز التنفسي في نقص تنسج الرئة، وعيوب في تطوير الأوعية الدموية الرئوية وسوء الزخرفة من اللحمة المتوسطة القصبة الهوائية 6،7. وتدعم هذه البيانات أهمية كرو-الظهارية الوسيطةSS الحديث في تمايز الخلايا والمواصفات، وكما ثبت في دراسات أخرى 8،9. تعتمد دراسة المراحل الأولى من نمو الرئة لدى الوراثية، في المختبر، وبحكم التقنيات الحية التي سمحت لنا أن نفهم آليات القيادة هوية الجهاز التنفسي 10-16 أفضل. وقد استخدمت على نطاق واسع كلها الثقافات يزدرع الرئة في الطور البيني سائل الهواء لدراسة تأثيرات عوامل النمو في المراحل المبكرة من الرئة المتفرعة التشكل 10،17،18. في حين يتم استخدام هذا الأسلوب كما قراءات من تغيرات شكلية، مثل المتفرعة التشكل، وتعديل التعبير الجيني، فإنه يقتصر على دراسة المراحل الأولى من العملية التنموية، حيث أن الثقافة نفسها لا يدعم تطوير الأوعية الدموية 17. تطوير غضروف القصبة الهوائية تتطلب مرات حضانة أطول قد تكون غير متوافقة مع هذه التقنية الثقافة. ليحلله دور إشارات Wnt خلال تشكيل الجهاز التنفسي، وتكيفنا التقنيات القياسية لتلبية احتياجات الدراسات الجنينية لدينا. لقد قمنا بتعديل مجلدات، وأحيانا تلطيخ، وتجهيز الدراجات لتضمين البارافين وتوقيت لتطهير للنسيج القصبة الهوائية والرئة. وكان الهدف الرئيسي من تحقيق الاستفادة المثلى من التقنيات الموضحة في هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل المراحل الأولى من تطوير القصبة الهوائية في الفئران التي تجري من E11 إلى E14.5. باستخدام الفئران مراسل خط Axin2LacZ نحن المواقع المحددة بدقة من WNT النشاط / β-كاتينين في اللحمة المتوسطة القصبة الهوائية النامية. تكيفنا أيضا إجراء تلطيخ كتين لكامل جبل أنسجة القصبة الهوائية. وهكذا، كنا قادرين على تصور تكثفات الوسيطة والتنبؤ المواقع التي تكون الغضروف سوف تأخذ مكان. تلطيخ جبل كله وأجزاء من الأنسجة الجنينية تم الحصول عليها من الفئران WlsShhCre، إلى جانب تقنيات المجهر المتقدمة، سمح لنا لكشف النقاب عن دور بروابط WNT التي تنتجها هيئة تنظيم الاتصالاتظهارة cheal في الزخرفة القصبة الهوائية.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Anti Sox9 ab.</td><td>Millipore</td><td>AB5535</td><td>1:400 , rabbit</td></tr><tr><td>Anti Sox9 ab.</td><td>Santa Cruz</td><td>Sc-20095</td><td>1:50, rabbit</td></tr><tr><td>Anti Smooth Muscle Actin ab.</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A5228</td><td>1:2k, mouse</td></tr><tr><td>Anti NKX2.1 ab.</td><td>Seven Hills</td><td>n/a</td><td>1:100, guinea pig</td></tr><tr><td>Anti NKX2.1 ab.</td><td>Seven Hills</td><td>n/a</td><td>1:400, mouse</td></tr><tr><td>Anti Brdu ab.</td><td>Abcam</td><td>AB1893</td><td>1:200, sheep</td></tr><tr><td>Anti Brdu ab.</td><td>Santa Cruz</td><td>Sc-32323</td><td>1:4k, mouse</td></tr><tr><td>PNA Lectin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>L 7381</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Secondary antibodies</td><td>Life technologies</td><td></td><td>Alexa fluor Molecular probes</td></tr><tr><td>K&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Fe(CN)&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P8131</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>K&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;Fe(CN)&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P3289</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M9272</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaDOC</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>89905</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NP&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>85124</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alcian Blue 8GX</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A-3157</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fisher brand super-frost plus</td><td>Fisher</td><td>12-550-15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PFA (16%)</td><td>EMS</td><td>15710</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS</td><td>Gibco</td><td>70011-044</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Calf Serum</td><td>Sigma</td><td>11K413</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Blocking reagent</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td></td><td>Component of TSA kit #2&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ( T20932)</td></tr><tr><td>BrDu</td><td>Sigma</td><td>B5002-5g</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vectashield mounting medium</td><td>Vector labs</td><td>H-1000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Permount</td><td>Fisher</td><td>SP15-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue-loc cassettes Histoscreen</td><td>Fisher</td><td>C-0250-GR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Biopsy cassettes</td><td>Premiere</td><td>BC0109</td><td>Available in different colors</td></tr><tr><td>Nuclear fast red&amp;nbsp; Kernechtrot 0.1%</td><td>Sigma</td><td>N3020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Citric acid</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C1909-500G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S4641-1Kg</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trizma hydrochloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T5941-500G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylene</td><td>Pharmco-AAPER</td><td>399000000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Pharmco-AAPER</td><td>111000200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro knives</td><td>FST</td><td>10318-14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5 ceramic coated</td><td>FST</td><td>11252-50</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5CO</td><td>FST</td><td>11295-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont # 5</td><td>FST</td><td>91150-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thermo/Shandon Excelsior ES</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microtome</td><td>Leica</td><td>RM2135</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nikon i90</td><td>Nikon</td><td></td><td>Wide field microscope</td></tr><tr><td>NikonA1Rsi</td><td>Nikon</td><td></td><td>Confocal microscopy. Settings:NikonA1 plus camera, scanner: Galvano, detector:DU4. Optics Plan Apo lambda 10X. Modality: Widefield fluorescence laser confocal.&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Leica MS 16 FA</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td>Fluorescence Dissecting microscope</td></tr><tr><td>Zeiss</td><td>Zeiss</td><td></td><td>Automated fluorescence microscope</td></tr><tr><td>Leica Application suite</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td>Leica imaging software</td></tr><tr><td>NIS</td><td>Nikon</td><td></td><td>Nikon imaging software</td></tr><tr><td>IMARIS</td><td>Bitplane</td><td></td><td>Imaging processing software</td></tr></tbody></table>

studying wnt signaling during patterning of conducting airways

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis controlled by Wnt signaling is required to understand how tissues are patterned during normal development. This knowledge is also critical to determine the etiology of birth defects such as lung hypoplasia and tracheobronchomalacia. Analysis of earliest stages of development of respiratory tract imposes challenges, as the limited amount of tissue prevents the performance of standard protocols better suited for postnatal studies. In this paper, we discuss methodologies to study cell differentiation and proliferation in the respiratory tract. We describe techniques such as whole mount staining, processing of the tissue for confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence in paraffin sections applied to developing tracheal lung. We also discuss methodologies for the study of tracheal mesenchyme differentiation, in particular cartilage formation. Approaches and techniques discussed in the current paper circumvent the limitation of material while working with embryonic tissue, allowing for a better understanding of the patterning process of developing conducting airways.

WNT النشاط / β-كاتينين تم الكشف عن جبل بأكمله لاك-Z تلطيخ في الأنسجة القصبة الهوائية والرئة للأجنة معزولة عن مراسل Axin2 لاك -Z الفئران 11. مواقع تلطيخ تشير WNT النشاط / β-كاتينين. ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways at JoVE.com

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

استخدام الفئران مراسل بالإضافة إلى جبل بأكمله وقسم التلوين، والفحص المجهري وفي المقايسات فيفو يسهل تحليل الآليات الكامنة والزخرفة طبيعية من الجهاز التنفسي. نحن هنا تصف كيف ساهمت هذه التقنيات لتحليل إشارات Wnt خلال تطوير القصبة الهوائية.

دراسة إشارات Wnt خلال الزخرفة من إجراء الخطوط الجوية

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis ...

studying-wnt-signaling-during-patterning-of-conducting-airways

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

7.3K Views.  Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center.  استخدام الفئران مراسل بالإضافة إلى جبل بأكمله وقسم التلوين، والفحص المجهري وفي المقايسات فيفو يسهل تحليل الآليات الكامنة والزخرفة طبيعية من الجهاز التنفسي. نحن هنا تصف كيف ساهمت هذه التقنيات لتحليل إشارات Wnt خلال تطوير القصبة ا?...

Video: Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

This protocol describes a method to visualise ligands distributed across a field of cells. The ease of expressing exogenous proteins, together with the large size of their cells in early embryos, make Xenopus laevis a useful model for visualising GFP-tagged ligands. Synthetic mRNAs are efficiently translated after injection into early stage Xenopus embryos, and injections can be targeted to a single cell. When combined with a lineage tracer such as membrane tethered RFP, the injected cell (and its descendants) that are producing the overexpressed protein can easily be followed. This protocol describes a method for the production of fluorescently tagged Wnt and Shh ligands from injected mRNA. The methods involve the micro dissection of ectodermal explants (animal caps) and the analysis of ligand diffusion in multiple samples. By using confocal imaging, information about ligand secretion and diffusion over a field of cells can be obtained. Statistical analyses of confocal images provide quantitative data on the shape of ligand gradients. These methods may be useful to researchers who want to test the effects of factors that may regulate the shape of morphogen gradients.

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

The manuscript here provides a simple set of methods for analysing the secretion and diffusion of fluorescently tagged ligands in Xenopus. This provides a context for testing the ability of other proteins to modify ligand distribution and allowing experiments that may give insight into mechanisms regulating morphogen gradients.

باستخدام تحليل متحد البؤر من<em&gt; القيطم المورق</em&gt; بالتحقيق المغيرون من WNT وShh على محدثة التخلق التدرجات

This protocol describes a method to visualise ligands distributed across a field of cells. The ease of expressing exogenous proteins, together with the ...

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

Remarkably few cell-to-cell signal transduction pathways are necessary during embryonic development to generate the large variety of cell types and tissues in the adult body form. Yet, each year more components of individual signaling pathways are discovered, and studies indicate that depending on the context there is significant cross-talk among most of these pathways. This complexity makes studying cell-to-cell signaling in any in vivo developmental model system a difficult task. In addition, efficient functional analyses are required to characterize molecules associated with signaling pathways identified from the large data sets generated by next generation differential screens. Here, we illustrate a straightforward method to efficiently identify components of signal transduction pathways governing cell fate and axis specification in sea urchin embryos. The genomic and morphological simplicity of embryos similar to those of the sea urchin make them powerful in vivo developmental models for understanding complex signaling interactions. The methodology described here can be used as a template for identifying novel signal transduction molecules in individual pathways as well as the interactions among the molecules in the various pathways in many other organisms.

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

This video article details a straightforward in vivo methodology that can be used to systematically and efficiently characterize components of complex signaling pathways and regulatory networks in many invertebrate embryos.

قوة البساطة: قنفذ البحر الأجنة كما<em&gt; في فيفو</em&gt; نماذج التنموية لدراسة مجمع خلية الى خلية اشارة شبكة التفاعلات

Remarkably few cell-to-cell signal transduction pathways are necessary during embryonic development to generate the large variety of cell types and ...

Mouse Embryonic Lung Culture, A System to Evaluate the Molecular Mechanisms of Branching

Lung primordial specification as well as branching morphogenesis, and the formation of various pulmonary cell lineages requires a specific interaction of the lung endoderm with its surrounding mesenchyme and mesothelium. Lung mesenchyme has been shown to be the source of inductive signals for lung branching morphogenesis. Epithelial-mesenchymal-mesothelial interactions are also critical to embryonic lung morphogenesis. Early embryonic lung organ culture is a very useful system to study epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Both epithelial and mesenchymal morphogenesis proceeds under specific conditions that can be readily manipulated in this system (in the absence of maternal influence and blood flow). More importantly this technique can be readily done in a serumless, chemically defined culture media. Gain and loss of function can be achieved using expressed proteins, recombinant viral vectors and/or analysis of transgenic mouse strains, antisense RNA, as well as RNA interference gene knockdown.

Early embryonic lung organ culture is a very useful system to study epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Both epithelial and mesenchymal morphogenesis proceeds under specific conditions that can be readily manipulated in this system.

الفأر الجنينية الثقافة الرئة ، وهو نظام لتقييم الآليات الجزيئية من التفرع

Lung primordial specification as well as branching morphogenesis, and the formation of various pulmonary cell lineages requires a specific interaction of ...

Biology

Flow Cytometry and Confocal Imaging Analysis of Low Wnt Expression in Axin2-mTurquoise2 Reporter Thymocytes

Measuring Wnt expression levels is essential when trying to identify or test new Wnt therapeutic targets. Previous studies have shown that canonical Wnt signaling operates via a dosage-driven mechanism, motivating the need to study and measure Wnt signaling in various cell types. Although several reporter models have been proposed to represent physiological Wnt expression, either the genetic context or the reporter protein highly influenced the validity, accuracy, and flexibility of these tools. This paper describes methods for acquiring and analyzing data obtained with the Axin2-mTurquoise2 mouse Wnt reporter model, which contains a mutated Axin2em1Fstl allele. This model facilitates the study of endogenous canonical Wnt signaling in individual cells over a wide range of Wnt activity.
This protocol describes how to fully appreciate Axin2-mTurquoise2 reporter activity using cell population analysis of the hematopoietic system, combined with cell surface markers or &#946;-catenin intracellular staining. These procedures serve as a base for implementation and reproduction in other tissues or cells of interest. By combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting and confocal imaging, distinct canonical Wnt expression levels can be visualized. The recommended measurement and analysis strategies provide quantitative data on the fluorescent expression levels for precise assessment of canonical Wnt signaling. These methods will be useful for researchers who want to use the Axin2-mTurquise2 model for canonical Wnt expression patterns.

Signaling levels are known to regulate cell fate, indicating that regulation of Wnt signaling constitutes an interesting therapeutic target. Here, we describe flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analysis methods for a robust murine canonical Wnt signaling reporter model that measures distinct Wnt signaling levels.

Measuring Wnt expression levels is essential when trying to identify or test new Wnt therapeutic targets. Previous studies have shown that canonical Wnt ...

Generation of 3D Whole Lung Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Lung Developmental Biology and Disease

Human lung development and disease has been difficult to study due to the lack of biologically relevant in vitro model systems. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be differentiated stepwise into 3D multicellular lung organoids, made of both epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations. We recapitulate embryonic developmental cues by temporally introducing a variety of growth factors and small molecules to efficiently generate definitive endoderm, anterior foregut endoderm, and subsequently lung progenitor cells. These cells are then embedded in growth factor reduced (GFR)-basement membrane matrix medium, allowing them to spontaneously develop into 3D lung organoids in response to external growth factors. These whole lung organoids (WLO) undergo early lung developmental stages including branching morphogenesis and maturation after exposure to dexamethasone, cyclic AMP and isobutylxanthine. WLOs possess airway epithelial cells expressing the markers KRT5 (basal), SCGB3A2 (club) and MUC5AC (goblet) as well as alveolar epithelial cells expressing HOPX (alveolar type I) and SP-C (alveolar type II). Mesenchymal cells are also present, including smooth muscle actin (SMA), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFR&#945;). iPSC derived WLOs can be maintained in 3D culture conditions for many months and can be sorted for surface markers to purify a specific cell population. iPSC derived WLOs can also be utilized to study human lung development, including signaling between the lung epithelium and mesenchyme, to model genetic mutations on human lung cell function and development, and to determine the cytotoxicity of infective agents.

The article describes step wise directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to three-dimensional whole lung organoids containing both proximal and distal epithelial lung cells along with mesenchyme.

جيل من 3D الجهازيات الرئة الكاملة من الخلايا الجذعية المستحثة متعددة القدرات لنمذجة البيولوجيا التنموية الرئة والمرض

Human lung development and disease has been difficult to study due to the lack of biologically relevant in vitro model systems. Human induced pluripotent ...

Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro

Noncanonical Wnt signaling regulates intracellular actin filament organization and polarized migration of progenitor cells during embryogenesis. This process requires complex and coordinated paracrine interactions between signal-sending and signal-receiving cells. Given that these interactions can occur between various types of cells from different lineages, in vivo evaluation of cell-specific defects can be challenging. The present study describes a highly reproducible method to evaluate paracrine noncanonical Wnt signaling in vitro. This protocol was designed with the ability to (1) conduct functional and molecular assessments of noncanonical Wnt signaling between any two cell types of interest; (2) dissect the role of signal-sending versus signal-receiving molecules in the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway; and (3) perform phenotypic rescue experiments with standard molecular or pharmacologic approaches.
This protocol was used to evaluate neural crest cell (NCC)-mediated noncanonical Wnt signaling in myoblasts. The presence of NCCs is associated with an increased number of phalloidin-positive cytoplasmic filopodia and lamellipodia in myoblasts and improved myoblast migration in a wound-healing assay. The Wnt5a-ROR2 axis was identified as a crucial noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway between NCC and second heart field (SHF) cardiomyoblast progenitors. In conclusion, this is a highly tractable protocol to study paracrine noncanonical Wnt signaling mechanisms in vitro.

Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro

The present study outlines a highly reproducible and tractable method to study paracrine noncanonical Wnt signaling events in vitro. This protocol was applied to evaluate the impact of paracrine Wnt5a signaling in murine neural crest cells and myoblasts.

النمذجة Paracrine إشارات Wnt غير المتعارف عليها في المختبر

Noncanonical Wnt signaling regulates intracellular actin filament organization and polarized migration of progenitor cells during embryogenesis. This ...

Light-sheet Fluorescence Microscopy to Capture 4-Dimensional Images of the Effects of Modulating Shear Stress on the Developing Zebrafish Heart

The hemodynamic forces experienced by the heart influence cardiac development, especially trabeculation, which forms a network of branching outgrowths from the myocardium. Genetic program defects in the Notch signaling cascade are involved in ventricular defects such as Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy or Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Using this protocol, it can be determined that shear stress driven trabeculation and Notch signaling are related to one another. Using Light-sheet Fluorescence Microscopy, visualization of the developing zebrafish heart was possible. In this manuscript, it was assessed whether hemodynamic forces modulate the initiation of trabeculation via Notch signaling and thus, influence contractile function occurs. For qualitative and quantitative shear stress analysis, 4-D (3-D+time) images were acquired during zebrafish cardiac morphogenesis, and integrated light-sheet fluorescence microscopy with 4-D synchronization captured the ventricular motion. Blood viscosity was reduced via gata1a-morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) micro-injection to decrease shear stress, thereby, down-regulating Notch signaling and attenuating trabeculation. Co-injection of Nrg1 mRNA with gata1a MO rescued Notch-related genes to restore trabeculation. To confirm shear stress driven Notch signaling influences trabeculation, cardiomyocyte contraction was further arrested via tnnt2a-MO to reduce hemodynamic forces, thereby, down-regulating Notch target genes to develop a non-trabeculated myocardium. Finally, corroboration of the expression patterns of shear stress-responsive Notch genes was conducted by subjecting endothelial cells to pulsatile flow. Thus, the 4-D light-sheet microscopy uncovered hemodynamic forces underlying Notch signaling and trabeculation with clinical relevance to non-compaction cardiomyopathy.

Here, we present a protocol to visualize developing hearts in zebrafish in 4-Dimensions (4-D). 4-D imaging, via light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), takes 3-Dimensional (3-D) images over time, to reconstruct developing hearts. We show qualitatively and quantitatively that shear stress activates endocardial Notch signaling during chamber development, which promotes cardiac trabeculation.

مجهرية Fluorescence ورقة الضوء لالتقاط الصور 4-الأبعاد من آثار تحوير إجهاد القص في قلب الزرد النامي

The hemodynamic forces experienced by the heart influence cardiac development, especially trabeculation, which forms a network of branching outgrowths ...

Bioengineering

مراجعة شاملة لبروتوكولات زراعة الجلد الجنيني للطيور

Using Avian Skin Explants to Study Tissue Patterning and Organogenesis

The developing avian skin during embryogenesis is a unique model that can provide valuable insights into tissue patterning. Here three variations on skin explant cultures to examine different aspects of skin development are described. First, ex vivo organ cultures and manipulations offer researchers opportunities to observe and study the development of feather buds directly. Skin explant culture can grow for 7 days enabling direct analysis of cellular behavior and 4D imaging at intervals during this growth period. This also allows for physical and molecular manipulations of culture conditions to visualize tissue response. For example, growth factor-coated beads can be applied locally to induce changes in feather patterning in a limited area. Alternatively, viral transduction can be delivered globally in the culture media to up or downregulate gene expression. Second, the skin recombination protocol allows researchers to investigate tissue interactions between the epidermis and mesenchyme that are derived from different skin regions, different life stages, or different species. This affords an opportunity to test the time window in which the epithelium is competent to respond to signals and its ability to form different skin appendages in response to signals from different mesenchymal sources. Third, skin reconstitution using dissociated dermal cells overlaid with intact epithelium resets skin development and enables the study of the initial processes of periodic patterning. This approach also enhances our ability to manipulate gene expression among the dissociated cells before creating the reconstituted skin explant. This paper provides the three culture protocols and exemplary experiments to demonstrate their utility.

تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: نظرة ثاقبة على منهجيات زراعة جلد الطيور التجريبية الحالية

Here we describe protocols for three types of avian embryonic skin explant cultures that can be used to examine tissue interactions, 4D imaging timelapse movie (3D plus time), global or local perturbation of molecular function, and systems biology characterization.

استخدام نباتات جلد الطيور لدراسة أنماط الأنسجة وتكوين الأعضاء

The developing avian skin during embryogenesis is a unique model that can provide valuable insights into tissue patterning. Here three variations on skin ...

دراسة إشارات Wnt خلال الزخرفة من إجراء الخطوط الجوية

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باستخدام تحليل متحد البؤر من

قوة البساطة: قنفذ البحر الأجنة كما

الفأر الجنينية الثقافة الرئة ، وهو نظام لتقييم الآليات الجزيئية من التفرع

Flow Cytometry and Confocal Imaging Analysis of Low Wnt Expression in Axin2-mTurquoise2 Reporter Thymocytes

جيل من 3D الجهازيات الرئة الكاملة من الخلايا الجذعية المستحثة متعددة القدرات لنمذجة البيولوجيا التنموية الرئة والمرض

النمذجة Paracrine إشارات Wnt غير المتعارف عليها في المختبر

مجهرية Fluorescence ورقة الضوء لالتقاط الصور 4-الأبعاد من آثار تحوير إجهاد القص في قلب الزرد النامي

استخدام نباتات جلد الطيور لدراسة أنماط الأنسجة وتكوين الأعضاء

استخدام نباتات جلد الطيور لدراسة أنماط الأنسجة وتكوين الأعضاء

استخدام نباتات جلد الطيور لدراسة أنماط الأنسجة وتكوين الأعضاء