ASR は、実験を設計プロトコルを開発し、データを分析しました。SC と PS は、セル サイズの実験を行った。ASR では、OC は、原稿を書いていた。著者は機器へのアクセスを提供するため教授デビッド r. Klug のサポートを感謝したいです。著者作製と試作設備にアクセスするために帝国大学高度な Hackspace を感謝したいです。

<ol>
	<li>Willison, K. R., Klug, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+single+cell+and+single+molecule+proteomics+for+clinical+studies.">Quantitative single cell and single molecule proteomics for clinical studies.</a> Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 24 (4), 745-751 (2013).</li><li>Heath, J. R., Ribas, A., Mischel, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+analysis+tools+for+drug+discovery+and+development.">Single-cell analysis tools for drug discovery and development.</a> Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 15 (3), 204-216 (2016).</li><li>Eyer, K., Stratz, S., Kuhn, P., K&#252;ster, S. K., Dittrich, P. 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著者が明らかに何もありません。

アドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロ アレイは、単一細胞内でタンパク質の絶対コピー数を決定する定量的敏感かつ拡張可能な方法です。
非特異的結合のレベルを制限すること (NSB) は、低として可能な限り検出限界を達成するためにプロトコル内で重要です。蛋白質および他の生化学的な種がありますバインド インターフェイス液滴内に存在の数非具体的-coverslip 表面、ス...

このメソッドの目的は、単一セルの解像度を持つセル人口のターゲット蛋白質の豊富さで変化を決定することです。単一細胞解析は、いくつかの伝統的なアンサンブル生化学的方法では利用できない利点を提供します。1,2,3,4,5まず、単一セルのレベルで働く伝統的なアンサンブル生化学的手法で発生するそれ以外の場合、平均することによって失われるだろう細胞集団の豊富な多様性をキャプチャできます。仕事馬の生化学的方法の大半を連れた、必要とされる職務とは多くの場合、結果を生成する細胞の数百万。もちろん、全体細胞集団の評価の結果によって異なりますいくつかの要因、たとえば、不均質構造タンパク質発現蛋白質量分布のいくつかの重要な機能を見逃す可能性があります。実用的な観点から単一のセル技術の必要な感度させる機能により敏感の一括技術も十分ではない生物学的材料の量を操作することができます。このキーの例は珍しいセルなどの循環癌細胞 (Ctc) 描画単一 7.5 mL の血液に存在する 10 の Ctc より予後見通しで貧しい患者のためにもどこの研究です。6ここでオイル キャップの液滴を用いた抗体アッセイは抗体のマイクロ アレイの印刷量を削減を用いた単一細胞蛋白質測定の実行に必要な方法論を紹介します。
マイクロ液滴プラットフォームは、高スループット、生化学的アッセイの広い配列を実行する個々 のしぶきの滴/秒との分離、及びも培養の単一セルの対応の数千を生成することです。液滴ベースの技術は、単一細胞解析、大幅の力によって支援されています DropSeq10 inDrop11を含む顕著な最近例の7,8,9に最適増幅テクニック。材料の限られた量、蛋白質のための増幅のメソッドは、単一細胞プロテオミクスを特に挑戦的なの作るに。
液滴はメソッドの数によって分析される可能性があり、蛍光顕微鏡が用いられています。全内部反射蛍光 (TIRF) 顕微鏡などの単一分子技術により蛍光分子信号対雑音比の比類のない可視化することができます。12によるエバネッ セント場の指数関数的減衰、高 (100 nm オーダー) 表面近傍でのみ fluorophores が付いて興奮している複雑な混合物に少量の標的分子を検出するに全反射の良い戦略を作るします。全反射の光学セクショニング強さまた洗浄手順を避けるために、制限時間と複雑さの分析できます。全反射平面サーフェスを必要とし、流における液滴に適用される全反射型顕微鏡の例を含むイメージを平面の形成。13この目的のために単一細胞プロテオミクス技術設計マイクロ流体チップ マイクロ アレイ フォーマットでキャプチャの表面固定化エージェント周り。4,14
自分自身、液滴を形成して、平坦なサーフェス、いわゆる液滴マイクロ アレイでよい。15,16,17空間的配列に液滴を整理する便利なインデックス、簡単に時間をかけて監視、個別に対処して、必要な場合、取得することができます。液滴マイクロ アレイは、フリースタンディングまたはマイクロウェル構造体でサポートされている、チップあたりの要素の何千もの超小型原子炉の高密度を実現できます。18,19,形成することができる20液体ハンドリング ロボット、インク ジェット マニアによって順次蒸着によって先生方、院生21,22,23,24,25にお問い合わせください 26または彼らは自己 superhydrophillic などの面で組み立てることができるスポットは、超撥水表面のパターンします。27,28,29
念頭に置いてこれらの考慮点は、アドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロ アレイ (Adm) 定量的に単一分子全反射型顕微鏡の感度と汎用性、空間のアドレッシング機能により、液滴マイクロ アレイのボリュームを減少を結合する設計されていたタンパク質の量を測定します。5 Adm は、蒸発を防ぐためにオイルの蓋は、抗体マイクロ アレイを単一細胞を含む液滴マイクロ アレイを形成する単一細胞分析を有効にします。液滴のボリュームは、オンチップ マイクロ流体連続フローで弁体によって達成されるそれ以外の場合サンプル損失を防ぐ離散。30単一のセルからのターゲット蛋白質の絶対量が非常に小さいです。しかし、水滴の量の削減により比較的高い濃度のため、順序では、彼らはサンドイッチ抗体アッセイを使用して検出されます - 抗体を固定化すると、異なる地域や順番を結合する蛋白質をキャプチャする表面上のスポット蛍光標識検出の抗体, 液滴体積中に存在。ADMs が処理血液などの主要な情報源からの細胞の分析に一般的に適用されるラベル無料アプローチ (すなわちタンパク質のターゲットを直接にラベル付けする必要はありません)、として、うまく吸引解離腫瘍生検と培養細胞を必要とその溶解液。
薬に応答して、たとえば、不均一性を左右する重要な細胞集団全体蛋白質量の変化を測定と細胞機能と経路、集団の評価に洞察力を提供するのに役立つだろう、動作と同様一括方法によってマスクされるまれな事象を識別します。このプロトコルは、生産し、アドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロ アレイを使用して定量的ひとがん細胞における転写因子 p53 の豊かさを確認する方法について説明し、化学療法薬への応答における p53 の役割を調査するために使用可能性があります。ターゲット蛋白質はキャプチャと検出抗体の選択によって決定され、詳細、または別のターゲットを含めるように変更することがあります。手順は、手動でオイルを上限 10 nL 液滴を配列する一般的なラボ消耗品から同心円状のノズルを組み込んだシンプルな装置を構築する提供されます。各液滴分離するか、単一のセル、全反射顕微鏡を用いた 1 分子分解能で決定したタンパク質の発現とロードされるという完全実験のプロセスを説明します。

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Cell culture&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS)</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>10010015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM high glucose</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D6429</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td><td>Biochrom</td><td>S0115</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>cell culture flasks</td><td>Corning</td><td>SIAL0639</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin/EDTA</td><td>Biochrom</td><td>L2153</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Microarray&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microcontact Arrayer</td><td>DigiLab, UK</td><td>OmniGrid Micro</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microcontact pin</td><td>ArrayIt, USA</td><td>946MP2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Coverslips (Nexterion)</td><td>Schott, Europe</td><td>1098523</td><td>Size (mm): 65.0 x 25.0; Thickness (mm) 0.17</td></tr><tr><td>p53 capture antibody</td><td>Enzo</td><td>ADI-960-070</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>p53 detection antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 labelled</td><td>Santa Cruz</td><td>sc-126</td><td>stock concentration 200&amp;mu;g/mL</td></tr><tr><td>Saline-sodium citrate buffer</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15557-044</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Betaine</td><td>Sigma</td><td>61962</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium dodecyl sulphate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>L3771</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>384 well plate (low volume)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS4511</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nitrogen gas cylinder</td><td>BOC</td><td>Industrial grade, oxygen-free</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Droplets&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micromanipulator</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>Patchman NP2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manual Microinjector</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>CellTram Vario</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micropipette</td><td>Origio, Denmark</td><td>MBB-FP-L-0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe pumps</td><td>KD Scientific</td><td>KDS-210</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 &amp;mu;L syringe</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>81020</td><td>Gas tight, PTFE Luer lock</td></tr><tr><td>1 mL syringe</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>81327</td><td>Gas tight, PTFE Luer lock</td></tr><tr><td>Silicone isolator</td><td>Grace Bio-Labs</td><td>JTR24R-A-0.5</td><td>6x4 well silicone isolator with adhesive</td></tr><tr><td>Laser cutter</td><td>VersaLASE</td><td>VLS2.30 CO2 Laser 3W</td><td>for laser cutting of custom isolators</td></tr><tr><td>1mm thick acrylic sheet</td><td>Weatherall-UK</td><td>Clarex Precision Sheet 001</td><td>for laser cutting of custom isolators</td></tr><tr><td>Adhesive sheet</td><td>3M</td><td></td><td>used to adhere custom isolators to microarrayed coverslips</td></tr><tr><td>Super glue</td><td>Loctite</td><td>LOCPFG3T</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>150 &amp;mu;m ID/360 &amp;mu;m OD fused silica tubing</td><td>IDEX</td><td>FS-115</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.0 mm ID/1/16&amp;rdquo; OD PFA tubing</td><td>IDEX</td><td>1503</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.014&amp;rdquo; ID/0.062&amp;rdquo; OD PTFE tubing</td><td>Kinesis</td><td>008T16-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.0 mm ID/2.0 mm OD FEP tubing</td><td>IDEX</td><td>1673</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumen (BSA)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP9700100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mineral oil</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M5904</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultra-pure water</td><td>Millipore, Germany</td><td>MilliQ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Microscopy &amp;amp; Optics&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TIRF microscope with encoded XY stage</td><td>Nikon, Japan</td><td>Nikon Ti-E</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EM-CCD</td><td>Andor Technologies, Ireland</td><td>IXON DU-897E</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser excitation source</td><td>Vortran, USA</td><td>Stradus 488-50</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Optical lysis laser source</td><td>Continuum, USA</td><td>Surelite SLI-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microscope filter cube for TIRF</td><td>Chroma, USA</td><td>z488bp</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microscope filter cube for Optical Lysis</td><td>Laser 2000, UK</td><td>LPD01-532R-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Software&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fiji</td><td>Open Source</td><td></td><td>Image analysis software</td></tr><tr><td>Matlab</td><td>Mathworks</td><td>version 7.14 or higher</td><td>Image analysis software</td></tr></tbody></table>

counting proteins in single cells with addressable droplet microarrays

しばしば細胞挙動と細胞応答は多くの細胞の応答が複雑な人口の内で豊富な単一のセル動作をマスキング平均結果として一緒にプール、人口レベルで分析しました。単細胞タンパク質検出と定量化技術は、近年顕著な影響を与えたが。ここでアドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロ アレイに基づく実用的で柔軟な単一細胞解析プラットフォームをについて説明します。本研究では、ターゲット蛋白質の絶対コピー数が単一セルの解像度を測定する方法について説明します。腫瘍抑制因子 p53 は、非正常な p53 表現パターンを示す総癌の 50% 以上のひと癌の最も一般的変異遺伝子です。プロトコルでは、発現の変動を正確に判断する単一分子分解能 10 nL 液滴内 1 つのひと癌細胞は隔離され、p53 蛋白のコピー数の測定を作成する手順について説明します。メソッドは、任意のセル型主原料を含む興味の任意のターゲット蛋白質の絶対コピー数を決定するために適用可能性があります。

P53 の絶対根元タンパク質コピー数は、ひと大腸癌細胞株、ある細胞の単一セルの解像度が定められました。P53 桁違いに異なり、休憩する細胞集団内のセル サイズとタンパク質コピー数の間弱く肯定的な相関関係を示す方法を紹介しています。
アドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロ アレイは、水滴は抗体の場所にスポットで?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Counting Proteins in Single Cells with Addressable Droplet Microarrays at JoVE.com

Counting Proteins in Single Cells with Addressable Droplet Microarrays

アドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロ アレイ (Adm)、単一セルの絶対蛋白質量を決定できる液滴アレイ ・ ベース メソッドをご紹介します。ひと癌細胞における癌抑制タンパク質 p53 の発現の多様性を特徴付けるための Adm の機能を紹介します。

アドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロ アレイによる単一細胞におけるタンパク質をカウント

Often cellular behavior and cellular responses are analyzed at the population level where the responses of many cells are pooled together as an average ...

counting-proteins-in-single-cells-with-addressable-droplet-microarrays

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

8.5K ビュー.  Imperial College London. アドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロ アレイ (Adm)、単一セルの絶対蛋白質量を決定できる液滴アレイ ・ ベース メソッドをご紹介します。ひと癌細胞における癌抑制タンパク質 p53 の発現の多様性を特徴付けるための Adm の機能を紹介します。

ビデオ: Counting Proteins in Single Cells with Addressable Droplet Microarrays

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

The development of microfluidic platforms for performing chemistry and biology has in large part been driven by a range of potential benefits that accompany system miniaturisation. Advantages include the ability to efficiently process nano- to femoto- liter volumes of sample, facile integration of functional components, an intrinsic predisposition towards large-scale multiplexing, enhanced analytical throughput, improved control and reduced instrumental footprints.1
In recent years much interest has focussed on the development of droplet-based (or segmented flow) microfluidic systems and their potential as platforms in high-throughput experimentation.2-4 Here water-in-oil emulsions are made to spontaneously form in microfluidic channels as a result of capillary instabilities between the two immiscible phases. Importantly, microdroplets of precisely defined volumes and compositions can be generated at frequencies of several kHz. Furthermore, by encapsulating reagents of interest within isolated compartments separated by a continuous immiscible phase, both sample cross-talk and dispersion (diffusion- and Taylor-based) can be eliminated, which leads to minimal cross-contamination and the ability to time analytical processes with great accuracy. Additionally, since there is no contact between the contents of the droplets and the channel walls (which are wetted by the continuous phase) absorption and loss of reagents on the channel walls is prevented.
Once droplets of this kind have been generated and processed, it is necessary to extract the required analytical information. In this respect the detection method of choice should be rapid, provide high-sensitivity and low limits of detection, be applicable to a range of molecular species, be non-destructive and be able to be integrated with microfluidic devices in a facile manner. To address this need we have developed a suite of experimental tools and protocols that enable the extraction of large amounts of photophysical information from small-volume environments, and are applicable to the analysis of a wide range of physical, chemical and biological parameters. Herein two examples of these methods are presented and applied to the detection of single cells and the mapping of mixing processes inside picoliter-volume droplets. We report the entire experimental process including microfluidic chip fabrication, the optical setup and the process of droplet generation and detection.

Droplet-based microfluidic platforms are promising candidates for high throughput experimentation since they are able to generate picoliter, self-compartmentalized vessels inexpensively at kHz rates. Through integration with fast, sensitive and high resolution fluorescence spectroscopic methods, the large amounts of information generated within these systems can be efficiently extracted, harnessed and utilized.

マイクロ流体液滴のプラットフォームのための蛍光検出法

The development of microfluidic platforms for performing chemistry and biology has in large part been driven by a range of potential benefits that ...

生物工学

Flow-pattern Guided Fabrication of High-density Barcode Antibody Microarray

Antibody microarray as a well-developed technology is currently challenged by a few other established or emerging high-throughput technologies. In this report, we renovate the antibody microarray technology by using a novel approach for manufacturing and by introducing new features. The fabrication of our high-density antibody microarray is accomplished through perpendicularly oriented flow-patterning of single stranded DNAs and subsequent conversion mediated by DNA-antibody conjugates. This protocol outlines the critical steps in flow-patterning DNA, producing and purifying DNA-antibody conjugates, and assessing the quality of the fabricated microarray. The uniformity and sensitivity are comparable with conventional microarrays, while our microarray fabrication does not require the assistance of an array printer and can be performed in most research laboratories. The other major advantage is that the size of our microarray units is 10 times smaller than that of printed arrays, offering the unique capability of analyzing functional proteins from single cells when interfacing with generic microchip designs. This barcode technology can be widely employed in biomarker detection, cell signaling studies, tissue engineering, and a variety of clinical applications.

This protocol outlines the fabrication of a large-scale, multiplexed two-dimensional DNA or antibody array, with potential applications in cell signaling studies and biomarker detection.

高密度バーコード抗体マイクロアレイのフローパターンガイド作製

Antibody microarray as a well-developed technology is currently challenged by a few other established or emerging high-throughput technologies. In this ...

化学

A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells

We present a microfluidic device that enables the quantitative determination of intracellular biomolecules in multiple single cells in parallel. For this purpose, the cells are passively trapped in the middle of a microchamber. Upon activation of the control layer, the cell is isolated from the surrounding volume in a small chamber. The surrounding volume can then be exchanged without affecting the isolated cell. However, upon short opening and closing of the chamber, the solution in the chamber can be replaced within a few hundred milliseconds. Due to the reversibility of the chambers, the cells can be exposed to different solutions sequentially in a highly controllable fashion, e.g. for incubation, washing, and finally, cell lysis. The tightly sealed microchambers enable the retention of the lysate, minimize and control the dilution after cell lysis. Since lysis and analysis occur at the same location, high sensitivity is retained because no further dilution or loss of the analytes occurs during transport. The microchamber design therefore enables the reliable and reproducible analysis of very small copy numbers of intracellular molecules (attomoles, zeptomoles) released from individual cells. Furthermore, many microchambers can be arranged in an array format, allowing the analysis of many cells at once, given that suitable optical instruments are used for monitoring. We have already used the platform for proof-of-concept studies to analyze intracellular proteins, enzymes, cofactors and second messengers in either relative or absolute quantifiable manner.

In this article we present a microfluidic chip for single cell analysis. It allows the quantification of intracellular proteins, enzymes, cofactors, and second messengers by means of fluorescent assays or immunoassays.&#160;

単一細胞の多彩な化学分析マイクロ流体チップ

We present a microfluidic device that enables the quantitative determination of intracellular biomolecules in multiple single cells in parallel. For this ...

Proteome-wide Quantification of Labeling Homogeneity at the Single Molecule Level

Cell proteomes are often characterized using electrophoresis assays, where all species of proteins in the cells are non-specifically labeled with a fluorescent dye and are spotted by a photodetector following their separation. Single molecule fluorescence imaging can provide ultrasensitive protein detection with its ability for visualizing individual fluorescent molecules. However, the application of this powerful imaging method to electrophoresis assays is hampered by the lack of ways to characterize the homogeneity of fluorescent labeling of each protein species across the proteome. Here, we developed a method to evaluate the labeling homogeneity across the proteome based on a single molecule fluorescence imaging assay. In our measurement using a HeLa cell sample, the proportion of proteins labeled with at least one dye, which we termed &#8216;labeling occupancy&#8217; (LO), was determined to range from 50% to 90%, supporting the high potential of the application of single molecule imaging to sensitive and precise proteome analysis.

Here, we present a protocol to assess the labeling homogeneity for each protein species in a complex protein sample at the single molecule level.

プロテオーム的分類の単一分子レベルでの均一性の定量化

Cell proteomes are often characterized using electrophoresis assays, where all species of proteins in the cells are non-specifically labeled with a ...

生化学

Circulating MicroRNA Quantification Using DNA-binding Dye Chemistry and Droplet Digital PCR

Circulating (of cell-free) microRNAs (miRNAs) are released from cells into the blood stream. The amount of specific microRNAs in the circulation has been linked to a disease state and has the potential to be used as disease biomarker. A sensitive and accurate method for circulating microRNA quantification using a dye-based chemistry and droplet digital PCR technology has been recently developed. Specifically, using Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA)-based miRNA-specific primers with a green fluorescent DNA-binding dye in a compatible droplet digital PCR system it is possible to obtain the absolute quantification of specific miRNAs. Here, we describe how performing this technique to assess miRNA amount in biological fluids, such as plasma and serum, is both feasible and effective.

A sensitive and accurate method for cell-free microRNAs quantification using a dye-based chemistry and droplet digital PCR technology is described.

DNA結合色素化学と液滴デジタルPCRを使用したマイクロRNA定量循環

Circulating (of cell-free) microRNAs (miRNAs) are released from cells into the blood stream. The amount of specific microRNAs in the circulation has been ...

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules

Advances in spatial resolution and detection sensitivity of scientific instrumentation make it possible to apply small reactors for biological and chemical research. To meet the demand for high-performance microreactors, we developed a femtoliter droplet array (FemDA) device and exemplified its application in massively parallel cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions. Over one million uniform droplets were readily generated within a finger-sized area using a two-step oil-sealing protocol. Every droplet was anchored in a femtoliter microchamber composed of a hydrophilic bottom and a hydrophobic sidewall. The hybrid hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic structure and the dedicated sealing oils and surfactants are crucial for stably retaining the femtoliter aqueous solution in the femtoliter space without evaporation loss. The femtoliter configuration and the simple structure of the FemDA device allowed minimal reagent consumption. The uniform dimension of the droplet reactors made large-scale quantitative and time-course measurements convincing and reliable. The FemDA technology correlated the protein yield of the CFPS reaction with the number of DNA molecules in each droplet. We streamlined the procedures about the microfabrication of the device, the formation of the femtoliter droplets, and the acquisition and analysis of the microscopic image data. The detailed protocol with the optimized low running cost makes the FemDA technology accessible to everyone who has standard cleanroom facilities and a conventional fluorescence microscope in their own place.

The overall goal of the protocol is to prepare over one million ordered, uniform, stable, and biocompatible femtoliter droplets on a 1 cm2 planar substrate that can be used for cell-free protein synthesis.

単一DNA分子からの超並列タンパク質合成のためのフェムトリットルドロップレットアレイ

Advances in spatial resolution and detection sensitivity of scientific instrumentation make it possible to apply small reactors for biological and ...

Snap Chip for Cross-reactivity-free and Spotter-free Multiplexed Sandwich Immunoassays

Multiplexed protein analysis has shown superior diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy compared to single proteins. Antibody microarrays allow for thousands of micro-scale immunoassays performed simultaneously on a single chip. Sandwich assay format improves assay specificity by detecting each target with two antibodies, but suffers from cross-reactivity between reagents thus limiting their multiplexing capabilities. Antibody colocalization microarray (ACM) has been developed for cross-reactivity-free multiplexed protein detection, but requires an expensive spotter on-site for microarray fabrication during assays. In this work, we demonstrate a snap chip technology that transfers reagent from microarray-to-microarray by simply snapping two chips together, thus no spotter is needed during the sample incubation and subsequent application of detection antibodies (dAbs) upon storage of pre-spotted slides, dissociating the slide preparation from assay execution. Both single and double transfer methods are presented to achieve accurate alignment between the two microarrays and the slide fabrication for both methods are described. Results show that &#60;40 &#956;m alignment has been achieved with double transfer, reaching an array density of 625 spots/cm2. A 50-plexed immunoassay has been conducted to demonstrate the usability of the snap chip in multiplexed protein analysis. Limits of detection of 35 proteins are in the range of pg/mL.

We demonstrate a snap chip technology for performing cross-reactivity-free multiplexed sandwich immunoassays by simply snapping two slides. A snap apparatus is used for reliably transferring reagents from microarray-to-microarray. The snap chip can be used for any biochemical reactions requiring colocalization of different reagents without cross-contamination.

架橋反応性無料、スポッター無料多重サンドイッチ免疫測定用チップをスナップします。

Multiplexed protein analysis has shown superior diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy compared to single proteins. Antibody microarrays allow for thousands ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>シングルセルサイトカイン分泌解析のためのマイクロ流体液滴アッセイ

Microfluidic Approach to Resolve Simultaneous and Sequential Cytokine Secretion of Individual Polyfunctional Cells

Infections, autoimmune diseases, desired and adverse immunological responses to treatment can lead to a complex and dynamic cytokine response in vivo. This response involves numerous immune cells secreting various cytokines to orchestrate the immune reaction. However, the secretion dynamics, amounts, and co-occurrence of the different cytokines by various cell subtypes remain poorly understood due to a lack of appropriate tools to study them. Here, we describe a protocol using a microfluidic droplet platform that allows the time-resolved quantitative measurement of secretion dynamics for several cytokines in parallel on the single-cell level. This is enabled by the encapsulation of individual cells into microfluidic droplets together with a multiplexed immunoassay for parallel quantification of cytokine concentrations, their immobilization for dynamic fluorescent imaging, and the analysis of the respective images to derive secreted quantities and dynamics. The protocol describes the preparation of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, calibration experiments, cell preparation, and the encapsulation of the cells and nanoparticles into droplets for fluorescent imaging and subsequent image and data analysis using the example of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The presented platform identified distinct cytokine secretion behavior for single and co-secreting cells, characterizing the expected phenotypic heterogeneity in the measured cell sample. Furthermore, the modular nature of the assay allows its adaptation and application to study a variety of proteins, cytokines, and cell samples, potentially leading to a deeper understanding of the interplay between different immune cell types and the role of the different cytokines secreted dynamically to shape the tightly regulated immune response. These new insights could be particularly interesting in the studies of immune dysregulations or in identifying target populations in therapy and drug development.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>著者スポットライト:免疫応答における多機能性と不均一性の解明

The protocol describes an advanced microfluidic platform to quantitatively measure cytokine secretion dynamics of individual human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The platform measures up to three cytokines in parallel (IL-6, TNF&#945;, and IL-1&#946;) for each individual cell stimulated with lipopolysaccharide as an example.

個々の多機能細胞の同時および逐次サイトカイン分泌を解明するためのマイクロ流体アプローチ 

Infections, autoimmune diseases, desired and adverse immunological responses to treatment can lead to a complex and dynamic cytokine response in vivo. ...

アドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロアレイによる単一細胞におけるタンパク質をカウント

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マイクロ流体液滴のプラットフォームのための蛍光検出法

高密度バーコード抗体マイクロアレイのフローパターンガイド作製

単一細胞の多彩な化学分析マイクロ流体チップ

プロテオーム的分類の単一分子レベルでの均一性の定量化

DNA結合色素化学と液滴デジタルPCRを使用したマイクロRNA定量循環

単一DNA分子からの超並列タンパク質合成のためのフェムトリットルドロップレットアレイ

架橋反応性無料、スポッター無料多重サンドイッチ免疫測定用チップをスナップします。

個々の多機能細胞の同時および逐次サイトカイン分泌を解明するためのマイクロ流体アプローチ

個々の多機能細胞の同時および逐次サイトカイン分泌を解明するためのマイクロ流体アプローチ

個々の多機能細胞の同時および逐次サイトカイン分泌を解明するためのマイクロ流体アプローチ

アドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロ アレイによる単一細胞におけるタンパク質をカウント

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マイクロ流体液滴のプラットフォームのための蛍光検出法

高密度バーコード抗体マイクロアレイのフローパターンガイド作製

単一細胞の多彩な化学分析マイクロ流体チップ

プロテオーム的分類の単一分子レベルでの均一性の定量化

DNA結合色素化学と液滴デジタルPCRを使用したマイクロRNA定量循環

単一DNA分子からの超並列タンパク質合成のためのフェムトリットルドロップレットアレイ

架橋反応性無料、スポッター無料多重サンドイッチ免疫測定用チップをスナップします。

個々の多機能細胞の同時および逐次サイトカイン分泌を解明するためのマイクロ流体アプローチ

個々の多機能細胞の同時および逐次サイトカイン分泌を解明するためのマイクロ流体アプローチ

個々の多機能細胞の同時および逐次サイトカイン分泌を解明するためのマイクロ流体アプローチ

アドレス指定可能な液滴マイクロアレイによる単一細胞におけるタンパク質をカウント