Name: hydroquinone based synthesis of gold nanorods
Uploaded: 2016-08-10T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 55 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods at JoVE.com

Funding for this research was provided by the Italian Ministry of Health under the frame of EuroNanoMed II (European Innovative Research &amp; Technological Development Projects in Nanomedicine, project title: ''InNaSERSS'').

金ナノロッドの1の合成注：全体で高度に精製された水を使用してください。 <ol><li> 金の種子の準備 <ol><li>溶液が透明になるまで40℃で超音波下で、5ミリリットルの水に臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム（CTAB）の364.4 mgの溶かします。 CTAB溶液を室温まで冷却してみましょう。 </li><li>別に、水（0.5ミリモル）に四塩化金酸（のHAuCl 4）の5ミリリットルを準備します。 </li><li> 27℃の温度を一定に保ち、激しく磁気攪拌しながらCTAB溶液へのHAuCl 4溶液を加えます。 </li><li>水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの600μlの（のNaBH 4）4℃の水（10 mM）の溶液を準備します。激しく撹拌しながら混合物に、このソリューションを追加します。ソリューションの色がすぐに茶色がかった黄色から変更されているか確認してください。 </li><li>使用前に20分間の懸濁液を撹拌します。部屋のテンペラで、もはや24時間以上の種のサスペンションを保存しませんチャー。 </li><li>紫外可視分光光度計を用いて、種子の大きさを確認してください。種子は紫外可視分光法によって金ナノロッドの製造に使用される（約2nm）十分に小さいことを確認してください。 注：スペクトルを図1に報告されるものと類似していなければならない彼らは、球状ナノ粒子を製造する可能性があるので、505から520ナノメートルの周りのプラズモンピークの存在によって同定大きな種子が使用することはできません。 </li></ol></li><li> 金ナノロッドの「 成長溶液 」を調製します。 <ol><li>超音波を用いて40℃で5ミリリットルの水で22mgのヒドロキノンと一緒に182.2 mgのCTABを溶かします。 27°Cにソリューションをクールダウン。 </li><li> 4 mMの硝酸銀（AgNO 3を）溶液200μlを準備します。 </li><li>これとは別に、四塩化金酸（のHAuCl 4）の1 mM溶液の5ミリリットルを準備します。 </li><li>最初のステップ1.2.2で調製した硝酸銀溶液を追加します。その後、HAuCを追加リットル4溶液は、磁気撹拌下、ステップ1.2.1で製造したCTAB及びヒドロキノンの溶液にステップ1.2.3で製造しました。 </li><li>直後、以前のプロトコルに従って調製した種子懸濁液の12μlのは、ステップ1.1で報告された磁気攪拌下で添加し、反応開始をしましょう​​。懸濁液を約30分間で色が変化するかどうかを確認してください。 </li><li>セクション4、5分毎に記載されているように、懸濁液のUV-可視スペクトルを確認することによりナノロッドの形成を制御します。スペクトルが安定するまで進みます。ナノロッドの完全な形成を可能にするために、さらに30分（ 図2）攪拌下にサスペンションを残します。 </li><li> 10分10,000×gでチューブ内の懸濁液（各チューブ用懸濁液1ml）および遠心分離機を分割します。金ナノロッドは、チューブの底の暗い沈殿物を形成します。 </li><li>水の1ミリリットルで、各チューブの沈殿物を再懸濁します。チューブの内容を一緒に混ぜ、SUSPを保存室温での金ナノロッドのension。 </li><li>部4（ 図3）に記載のようにUV-可視分光法及び透過電子顕微鏡法によって得られたナノロッドを特徴付けます。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2のAg +イオンの濃度を変えることによって、ナノロッドのアスペクト比の調整<ol><li> 5mlの水に3.4ミリグラムのAgNO 3を溶解し 、4 mMの濃度で硝酸銀溶液を準備します。 </li><li>セクション1.2.1で説明したように、3つの異なるバイアルCTABを含む溶液とハイドロキノンで準備し、それぞれ100μlを、150μlあるいは硝酸銀の溶液200μlを追加します。 </li><li> 1.2.3ステップとポイント1.2.5から説明したように金ナノロッドの準備を続行するに従って調製のHAuCl 4溶液を加えます。 </li><li> UV-可視分光法および透過型電子顕微鏡によって得られたナノロッドを特徴付けます。 Ag +の低い量のバイアルを再ます短いナノロッドでSULT（それぞれ2および2.2のアスペクト比）（ 図4）。 </li></ol> 3. CTABの濃度を変えることにより、ナノロッドのアスペクト比のチューニング<ol><li> 「成長溶液」にCTAB濃度の異なる金ナノロッドの異なるバッチを準備します。利用異なるサイズ及びアスペクト比を有する金ナノロッドを生成するための10mMから100mMの濃度。各実験で使用CTABの濃度を使用ミリグラムの対応する量で、表1にまとめます。水5ml中のハイドロキノンの22 mgのと常にCTABの異なる量を溶解させます。 </li><li>磁気攪拌下で各バイアルに（ステップ1.2.3で説明した方法に従って調製）（ステップ1.2.2に従って調製）硝酸銀溶液200μlを加え、のHAuCl 4溶液の5ミリリットル。 </li><li>種子懸濁液12μlを添加して、最終混合物の色の変化を観察します。 </li><li>やめるサスペンションの色と紫外可視スペクトルが安定している攪拌。反応時間は、成長溶液中のCTAB濃度に依存します。 </li><li>水に10分間再懸濁し、10,000×gで遠心分離します。 </li><li> UV-可視分光法および透過型電子顕微鏡によって得られたナノロッドを特徴付けます。より高い濃度が長いが、大きなナノロッドを与える一方でCTABの低い濃度は、短いナノロッドになります。逆にナノロッドのアスペクト比は40〜50 mMの周りの範囲で高くなり、より低いおよびより高い濃度（ 図5及び図6）の両方で減少します。 </li></ol>金ナノロッドの4キャラクタリゼーション<ol><li> UV-可視分光法 <ol><li>プラスチック製のマイクロキュベットに水を400μlとナノロッド溶液100μlを希釈し、紫外可視吸収スペクトル（400〜840 nmの波長範囲）を取得製造業者のプロトコルに従って。 </li><li>反応の動力学を研究するために、成長溶液5分毎のUV-可視スペクトル（波長範囲400〜840 nm）を収集します。 </li></ol></li><li> 透過型電子顕微鏡（TEM） <ol><li>サイズの得られたナノロッドのアスペクト比の測定のために、ナノロッドの各サンプルのTEM画像を収集します。超薄型ホルムバールコーティングされた200メッシュの銅グリッド上に1滴の懸濁液（4μl）を配置することによって、サンプルを調製し、4℃で空気中で乾燥するままにしておきます。製造業者のプロトコルに従って、200 kVの加速電圧を使用してTEMでのサンプルを分析します。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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	<li>Zhou, W., Gao, X., Liu, D., Chen, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gold+Nanoparticles+for+In+Vitro+Diagnostics.">Gold Nanoparticles for In Vitro Diagnostics.</a> Chem Rev. 115 (19), 10575-10636 (2015).</li><li>Bao, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gold+nanoprisms+as+optoacoustic+signal+nanoamplifiers+for+in+vivo+bioimaging+of+gastrointestinal+cancers.">Gold nanoprisms as optoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers for in vivo bioimaging of gastrointestinal cancers.</a> Small. 9 (1), 68-74 (2013).</li><li>Han, G., Ghosh, P., Rotello, V. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functionalized+gold+nanoparticles+for+drug+delivery.">Functionalized gold nanoparticles for drug delivery.</a> Nanomedicine. 2 (1), 113-123 (2007).</li><li>Choi, W. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor+regression+in+vivo+by+photothermal+therapy+based+on+gold-nanorod-loaded,+functional+nanocarriers.">Tumor regression in vivo by photothermal therapy based on gold-nanorod-loaded, functional nanocarriers.</a> ACS Nano. 5 (3), 1995-2003 (2011).</li><li>Langille, M. R., Personick, M. L., Zhang, J., Mirkin, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Defining+Rules+for+the+Shape+Evolution+of+Gold+Nanoparticles+.">Defining Rules for the Shape Evolution of Gold Nanoparticles .</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 (35), 14542-14554 (2012).</li><li>Lohse, S. E., Murphy, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Quest+for+Shape+Control:+A+History+of+Gold+Nanorod+Synthesis.">The Quest for Shape Control: A History of Gold Nanorod Synthesis.</a> Chem. Mater. 25 (8), 1250-1261 (2013).</li><li>Weissleder, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+clearer+vision+for+in+vivo+imaging.">A clearer vision for in vivo imaging.</a> Nat. Biotech. 19 (4), 316-317 (2001).</li><li>Sau, T. K., Murphy, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Seeded+High+Yield+Synthesis+of+Short+Au+Nanorods+in+Aqueous+Solution.">Seeded High Yield Synthesis of Short Au Nanorods in Aqueous Solution.</a> Langmuir. 20 (15), 6414-6420 (2004).</li><li>Ratto, F., Matteini, P., Rossi, F., Pini, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Size+and+shape+control+in+the+overgrowth+of+gold+nanorods.">Size and shape control in the overgrowth of gold nanorods.</a> J. Nanopart. Res. 12, 2029-2036 (2010).</li><li>Morasso, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+size+and+aspect+ratio+in+hydroquinone-based+synthesis+of+gold+nanorods.">Control of size and aspect ratio in hydroquinone-based synthesis of gold nanorods.</a> J. Nanopart. Res. 17, 330-337 (2015).</li><li>Vigderman, L., Zubarev, E. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-yield+synthesis+of+gold+nanorods+with+longitudinal+SPR+peak+greater+than+1200+nm+using+hydroquinone+as+a+reducing+agent.">High-yield synthesis of gold nanorods with longitudinal SPR peak greater than 1200 nm using hydroquinone as a reducing agent.</a> Chem. Mater. 25 (8), 1450-1457 (2013).</li><li>Walsh, M. J., Barrow, S. J., Tong, W., Funston, A. M., Etheridge, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Symmetry+breaking+and+silver+in+gold+nanorod+growth.">Symmetry breaking and silver in gold nanorod growth.</a> ACS Nano. 9 (1), 715-724 (2015).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

ここに提示プロトコルは、金ナノロッドを生成するために、ヒドロキノン、弱い還元電位によって特徴付けられる芳香族分子を適用します。アスコルビン酸の使用に基づいて、最も一般的に使用される合成経路に向けて、本プロトコルの2つの主な利点がある：第一は、ヒドロキノンがほぼ定量的に金ナノロッドの多量の産生を可能にする金イオンを還元することが可能であるということであ...

金ナノ粒子（AuNPs）は、生物医学的用途で使用される最も普及していると有望なナノ構造の一つです。それらの使用は、多くのポイントオブケアインビトロ診断製品のに必須である1は、他の多数の異なる用途のための有効なツールとして提案されている：2薬物送達システム3としてとして、画像化研究における造影剤として光誘起温熱療法（または光熱治療）のための薬。4 AuNPsの大きな可能性は、最後の20年間で、サイズ上のコントロールを向上させ、得を形成することができる新しい合成法の開発に熱心な研究を推進してきました。5 AuNPsの異なる種類は、実際には特定のアプリケーションのために他のものよりも適しているためです。 別の金ナノ構造体、金ナノロッド（AuNRs）の中で最も興味深いシステムの一つとして浮上しています。 AuNRsは2 plasmoによって特徴づけられます縦及び横軸に沿った電子の振動に関連したNICのピークは、それぞれ、 図6には、ロッドのアスペクト比に応じて、最も強い縦ピークの位置が正確に620乃至800nm ​​のを調整することができることは特に重要です。この領域は、ヒト組織はほとんどAuNPsを含むin vivoでのフォトニックアプリケーションの数の開発を可能にする、光を吸収しない生体の窓、7と一致します。 ナノ構造のこの種の巨大な関心にもかかわらず、AuNRsの調製のための合成プロトコルは、いくつかの制限を受けます。ほとんどの場合、ナノロッドは、サウおよび共同研究者によって開発された二段階の方法に従って調製された。8それらのプロトコルでは、ナノロッドは、予め形成された金種、銀イオンと多量の存在下でアスコルビン酸を用いた金イオンを還元することにより合成されますヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド（CTAB）、交流のationic線形界面活性剤。 CTABのこのプロトコルの欠点は、金イオンの還元の収率が比較的低いこと（約20％）9と、高量、より多くの合成における試薬の総コストの半分以上を占める高価な試薬必要とされています。新しい、より効率的な合成経路の開発はAuNRsに基づいて生物医学的なアプローチの広がりを可能にする、重要な必要性がそこから考えられています。 本研究の最初の部分では、約3のアスペクト比を有するAuNRの調製のための最適化されたプロトコルを提示します。合成は、穏やかな還元剤としてハイドロキノンを使用することに基づいており、それは、CTABの低減量を利用して、金イオンのほぼ定量的な還元とAuNRの製造を可能にする。10 AuNRsの調製のためのこのプロトコルの基礎と金種を「成長ゾルで使用される2つのステップのアプローチにution」。 第二部では、我々は次の2つの方法でチューニングを得AuNRのサイズとアスペクト比を細かくする方法を示しています。アスコルビン酸に基づく標準プロトコルと同様の第一の方法は、「成長溶液」中に存在する銀イオンの量を変化させることです。第二の方法は、明確に定義された短いナノロッドを得るために、（供給者によって報告された臨界ミセル濃度に近い）10 mMの濃度まで低減することが可能CTABの量の変動に基づいています。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Gold(III) chloride trihydrate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>520918</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydroquinone</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>H17902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver Nitrate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>209139</td><td>toxic</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Borohydride</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>480886</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>H5882</td><td>Acute Tox. (oral). In this study we tested three different batches of CTAB (H5882) from Sigma Aldrich. Two of them were marked as made in China while one as made in India. In our experience only the batches marked as made in China were effective for the preparation of AuNR.</td></tr><tr><td>Spectrophotometer</td><td>Thermo scientific&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Nanodrop 2000C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TEM</td><td>JEOL</td><td>2100</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

hydroquinone based synthesis of gold nanorods

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the synthetic methods for the preparation of gold nanorods are still not fully optimized. In this paper we describe a new, highly efficient, two-step protocol based on the use of hydroquinone as a mild reducing agent. Our approach allows the preparation of nanorods with a good control of size and aspect ratio (AR) simply by varying the amount of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and silver ions (Ag+) present in the "growth solution". By using this method, it is possible to markedly reduce the amount of CTAB, an expensive and cytotoxic reagent, necessary to obtain the elongated shape. Gold nanorods with an aspect ratio of about 3 can be obtained in the presence of just 50 mM of CTAB (versus 100 mM used in the standard protocol based on the use of ascorbic acid), while shorter gold nanorods are obtained using a concentration as low as 10 mM.

金種のUV可視スペクトルを図1に見ることができる。金種の注射後の異なる時点で取得されたUV可視スペクトルは、図に示されている2。UV可視スペクトルや透過型電子顕微鏡（TEM）像を得られた金ナノロッドの図3に示されている。銀イオンの量を変化させることによって得られた異なるアスペクト比を有する金ナノロ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods at JoVE.com

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

この論文では、還元剤としてのヒドロキノンの使用に加え、それらのサイズおよびアスペクト比を制御するための異なるメカニズムに基づいて、金ナノロッドの合成のためのプロトコルを記載しています。

金ナノロッドのヒドロキノンベースの合成

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

hydroquinone-based-synthesis-of-gold-nanorods

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

13.6K ビュー.  Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS (Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation). この論文では、還元剤としてのヒドロキノンの使用に加え、それらのサイズおよびアスペクト比を制御するための異なるメカニズムに基づいて、金ナノロッドの合成のためのプロトコルを記載しています。 

ビデオ: Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

テンプレートには、調整可能な赤外線吸光度モニック金ナノチューブの合成を監督

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

化学

Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

The physical, chemical and optical properties of nano-scale colloids depend on their material composition, size and shape 1-5. There is a great interest in using nano-colloids for photo-thermal ablation, drug delivery and many other biomedical applications 6. Gold is particularly used because of its low toxicity 7-9. A property of metal nano-colloids is that they can have a strong surface plasmon resonance 10. The peak of the surface plasmon resonance mode depends on the structure and composition of the metal nano-colloids. Since the surface plasmon resonance mode is stimulated with light there is a need to have the peak absorbance in the near infrared where biological tissue transmissivity is maximal 11, 12.
We present a method to synthesize star shaped colloidal gold, also known as star shaped nanoparticles 13-15 or nanostars 16. This method is based on a solution containing silver seeds that are used as the nucleating agent for anisotropic growth of gold colloids 17-22. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the resulting gold colloid showed that 70 % of the nanostructures were nanostars. The other 30 % of the particles were amorphous clusters of decahedra and rhomboids. The absorbance peak of the nanostars was detected to be in the near infrared (840 nm). Thus, our method produces gold nanostars suitable for biomedical applications, particularly for photo-thermal ablation.

We synthesized star shaped gold nanostars using a silver seed mediated growth method. The diameter of the nanostars ranges from 200 to 300 nm and the number of tips vary from 7 to 10. The nanoparticles have a broad surface plasmon resonance mode centered in the near infrared.

シルバーシード媒介成長法によるゴールドNanostarの合成

The physical, chemical and optical properties of nano-scale colloids depend on their material composition, size and shape 1-5. There is a great interest ...

生物工学

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large extinction coefficients which can be tuned across the visible spectrum. Research into the plasmonic enhancement of optical transitions has become popular, due to the possibility of altering and in some cases improving photo-absorption or emission properties of nearby chromophores such as molecular dyes or quantum dots. The electric field of the plasmon can couple with the excitation dipole of a chromophore, perturbing the electronic states involved in the transition and leading to increased absorption and emission rates. These enhancements can also be negated at close distances by energy transfer mechanism, making the spatial arrangement of the two species critical. Ultimately, enhancement of light harvesting efficiency in plasmonic solar cells could lead to thinner and, therefore, lower cost devices. The development of hybrid core/shell particles could offer a solution to this issue. The addition of a dielectric spacer between a gold nanoparticles and a chromophore is the proposed method to control the exciton plasmon coupling strength and thereby balance losses with the plasmonic gains. A detailed procedure for the coating of gold nanoparticles with CdS and ZnS semiconductor shells is presented. The nanoparticles show high uniformity with size control in both the core gold particles and shell species allowing for a more accurate investigation into the plasmonic enhancement of external chromophores.

The synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles coated with semiconductor shells of CdS or ZnS is performed. The semiconductor coating is conducted by first depositing a silver sulfide shell and exchanging the silver cations for zinc or cadmium cations.

合成、キャラクタリゼーション、およびハイブリッドのAu / CdSのとAu / ZnSのコア/シェルナノ粒子の機能化

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like oligomeric clusters of these yellow nanoparticles of narrow size distribution are synthesized under ambient conditions via two methods. The delay-time method controls the number of subunits in the oligoclusters by varying the time between the addition of HAuCl4 to alkaline solution and the subsequent addition of reducing agent, NaSCN. The yellow oligoclusters produced range in size from ~3 to ~25 nm. This size range can be further extended by an add-on method utilizing hydroxylated gold chloride (Na+[Au(OH4-x)Clx]-) to auto-catalytically increase the number of subunits in the as-synthesized oligocluster nanoparticles, providing a total range of 3 nm to 70 nm. The crude oligocluster preparations display narrow size distributions and do not require further fractionation for most purposes. The oligoclusters formed can be concentrated &#62;300 fold without aggregation and the crude reaction mixtures remain stable for weeks without further processing. Because these oligomeric clusters can be concentrated before derivatization they allow expensive derivatizing agents to be used economically. In addition, we present two models by which predictions of particle size can be made with great accuracy.

We describe a simple method for producing highly stable oligomeric clusters of gold nanoparticles via the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN). The oligoclusters have a narrow size distribution and can be produced with a wide range of sizes and surface coats.

周囲条件下での金ナノ粒子の安定オリゴマークラスターのサイズ制御された合成のための簡単​​な方法

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs within the interlayer space of semiconducting layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films was investigated here. Two types of intermediate films (i.e., TNS films containing methyl viologen (TNS/MV2+) and 2-ammoniumethanethiol (TNS/2-AET+)) were prepared. The two intermediate films were soaked in an aqueous tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) solution, whereby considerable amounts of Au(III) species were accommodated within the interlayer spaces of the TNS films. The two types of obtained films were then soaked in an aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4) solution, whereupon the color of the films immediately changed from colorless to purple, suggesting the formation of AuNPs within the TNS interlayer. When only TNS/MV2+ was used as the intermediate film, the color of the film gradually changed from metallic purple to dusty purple within 30 min, suggesting that aggregation of AuNPs had occurred. In contrast, this color change was suppressed by using the TNS/2-AET+ intermediate film, and the AuNPs were stabilized for over 4 months, as evidenced by the characteristic extinction (absorption and scattering) band from the AuNPs.

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Here, we present a protocol for the in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the interlayer space of layered titanate films without the aggregation of AuNPs. No spectral change was observed even after 4 months. The synthesized material has expected applications in catalysis, photo-catalysis, and the development of cost-effective plasmonic devices.

層状チタン酸透明フィルムの層間空間で凝集することなく金ナノ粒子のその場合成で

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

工学

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of their interactions with cell membranes, lipid bilayers, and viruses. The hydrophilic ligands make these particles colloidally stable in aqueous solutions and the combination with hydrophobic ligands creates an amphiphilic particle that can be loaded with hydrophobic drugs, fuse with the lipid membranes, and resist nonspecific protein adsorption. Many of these properties depend on nanoparticle size and the composition of the ligand shell. It is, therefore, crucial to have a reproducible synthetic method and reliable characterization techniques that allow the determination of nanoparticle properties and the ligand shell composition. Here, a one-phase chemical reduction, followed by a thorough purification to synthesize these nanoparticles with diameters below 5 nm, is presented. The ratio between the two ligands on the surface of the nanoparticle can be tuned through their stoichiometric ratio used during synthesis. We demonstrate how various routine techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry, are combined to comprehensively characterize the physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles.

Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles can be used in many biological applications. A protocol to synthesize gold nanoparticles coated by a binary mixture of ligands and a detailed characterization of these particles is presented.

親和性金ナノ粒子の合成と特性化

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of ...

Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates

The inherent addressability of DNA origami structures makes them ideal templates for the arrangement of metal nanoparticles into complex plasmonic nanostructures. The high spatial precision of a DNA origami-templated assembly allows controlling the coupling between plasmonic resonances of individual particles and enables tailoring optical properties of the constructed nanostructures. Recently, chiral plasmonic systems attracted a lot of attention due to the strong correlation between the spatial configuration of plasmonic assemblies and their optical responses (e.g., circular dichroism [CD]). In this protocol, we describe the whole workflow for the generation of DNA origami-based chiral assemblies of gold nanorods (AuNRs). The protocol includes a detailed description of the design principles and experimental procedures for the fabrication of DNA origami templates, the synthesis of AuNRs, and the assembly of origami-AuNR structures. In addition, the characterization of structures using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and CD spectroscopy is included. The described protocol is not limited to chiral configurations and can be adapted for the construction of various plasmonic architectures.

We describe the detailed protocol for the DNA origami-based assembly of gold nanorods into chiral plasmonic metamolecules with strong chiroptical responses. The protocol is not limited to chiral configurations and can be easily adapted for the fabrication of various plasmonic architectures.

DNA 折り紙テンプレートを用いたカイラル プラズモニック Metamolecules に金ナノロッドのアセンブリ

The inherent addressability of DNA origami structures makes them ideal templates for the arrangement of metal nanoparticles into complex plasmonic ...

Preparation and Photoacoustic Analysis of Cellular Vehicles Containing Gold Nanorods

Gold nanorods are attractive for a range of biomedical applications, such as the photothermal ablation and the photoacoustic imaging of cancer, thanks to their intense optical absorbance in the near-infrared window, low cytotoxicity and potential to home into tumors. However, their delivery to tumors still remains an issue. An innovative approach consists of the exploitation of the tropism of tumor-associated macrophages that may be loaded with gold nanorods in vitro. Here, we describe the preparation and the photoacoustic inspection of cellular vehicles containing gold nanorods. PEGylated gold nanorods are modified with quaternary ammonium compounds, in order to achieve a cationic profile. On contact with murine macrophages in ordinary Petri dishes, these particles are found to undergo massive uptake into endocytic vesicles. Then these cells are embedded in biopolymeric hydrogels, which are used to verify that the stability of photoacoustic conversion of the particles is retained in their inclusion into cellular vehicles. We are confident that these results may provide new inspiration for the development of novel strategies to deliver plasmonic particles to tumors.

We show the preparation and address the feasibility of cellular vehicles containing gold nanorods for the photoacoustic imaging of cancer.

ゴールドナノロッドを含む細胞車の作製と光音響分析

Gold nanorods are attractive for a range of biomedical applications, such as the photothermal ablation and the photoacoustic imaging of cancer, thanks to ...

Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) that are ~12 nm in diameter were synthesized by rapidly injecting a solution of 150 mg (0.15 mmol) of tetrachloroauric acid in 3.0 g (3.7 mmol, 3.6 mL) of oleylamine (technical grade) and 3.0 mL of toluene into a boiling solution of 5.1 g (6.4 mmol, 8.7 mL) of oleylamine in 147 mL of toluene. While boiling and mixing the reaction solution for 2 hours, the color of the reaction mixture changed from clear, to light yellow, to light pink, and then slowly to dark red. The heat was then turned off, and the solution was allowed to gradually cool down to room temperature for 1 hour. The gold nanoparticles were then collected and separated from the solution using a centrifuge and washed three times; by vortexing and dispersing the gold nanoparticles in 10 mL portions of toluene, and then precipitating the gold nanoparticles by adding 40 mL portions of methanol and spinning them in a centrifuge. The solution was then decanted to remove any remaining byproducts and unreacted starting materials. Drying the gold nanoparticles in a vacuum environment produced a solid black pellet; which could be stored for long periods of time (up to one year) for later use, and then redissolved in organic solvents such as toluene.

A protocol for synthesizing ~12 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) in an organic solvent is presented. The gold nanoparticles are capped with oleylamine ligands to prevent agglomeration. The gold nanoparticles are soluble in organic solvents such as toluene.

ゴールドナノ粒子合成

Gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) that are ~12 nm in diameter were synthesized by rapidly injecting a solution of 150 mg (0.15 mmol) of ...

Synthesis of Functionalized 10-nm Polymer-coated Gold Particles for Endothelium Targeting and Drug Delivery

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used extensively in medical research due to their size, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface. Specific targeting and drug delivery are some of the applications of these AuNPs, but endothelial extracellular matrices&#39; defensive properties hamper particle uptake. To address this issue, we describe a synthesis method for ultrasmall gold nanoparticles to improve vascular delivery, with customizable functional groups and polymer lengths for further adjustments. The protocol yields 2.5 nm AuNPs that are capped with tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC). The replacement of THPC with hetero-functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the surface of the AuNP increases the hydrodynamic radius to 10.5 nm while providing various functional groups on the surface. The last part of the protocol includes an optional addition of a fluorophore to allow the AuNPs to be visualized under fluorescence to track nanoparticle uptake. Dialysis and lyophilization were used to purify and isolate the AuNPs. These fluorescent nanoparticles can be visualized in both in vitro and in vivo experiments due to the biocompatible PEG coating and fluorescent probes. Additionally, the size range of these nanoparticles render them an ideal candidate for probing the glycocalyx without disrupting normal vasculature function, which may lead to improved delivery and therapeutics.

We describe a method of synthesizing biocompatible 10-nm gold nanoparticles, functionalized by coating poly-ethylene glycol onto the surface. These particles can be used in vitro and in vivo for delivering therapeutics to nanoscale cellular and extracellular spaces that are difficult to access with conventional nanoparticle sizes.

粒子の合成機能 10 nm ポリマー コーティング金対象化、血管内皮細胞とドラッグデリバリー

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used extensively in medical research due to their size, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface. Specific targeting ...

金ナノロッドのヒドロキノンベースの合成

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この動画の章

テンプレートには、調整可能な赤外線吸光度モニック金ナノチューブの合成を監督

シルバーシード媒介成長法によるゴールドNanostarの合成

合成、キャラクタリゼーション、およびハイブリッドのAu / CdSのとAu / ZnSのコア/シェルナノ粒子の機能化

周囲条件下での金ナノ粒子の安定オリゴマークラスターのサイズ制御された合成のための簡単な方法

層状チタン酸透明フィルムの層間空間で凝集することなく金ナノ粒子のその場合成で

親和性金ナノ粒子の合成と特性化

DNA 折り紙テンプレートを用いたカイラルプラズモニック Metamolecules に金ナノロッドのアセンブリ

ゴールドナノロッドを含む細胞車の作製と光音響分析

ゴールドナノ粒子合成

粒子の合成機能 10 nm ポリマーコーティング金対象化、血管内皮細胞とドラッグデリバリー

金ナノロッドのヒドロキノンベースの合成

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

テンプレートには、調整可能な赤外線吸光度モニック金ナノチューブの合成を監督

シルバーシード媒介成長法によるゴールドNanostarの合成

合成、キャラクタリゼーション、およびハイブリッドのAu / CdSのとAu / ZnSのコア/シェルナノ粒子の機能化

周囲条件下での金ナノ粒子の安定オリゴマークラスターのサイズ制御された合成のための簡単​​な方法

層状チタン酸透明フィルムの層間空間で凝集することなく金ナノ粒子のその場合成で

親和性金ナノ粒子の合成と特性化

DNA 折り紙テンプレートを用いたカイラル プラズモニック Metamolecules に金ナノロッドのアセンブリ

ゴールドナノロッドを含む細胞車の作製と光音響分析

ゴールドナノ粒子合成

粒子の合成機能 10 nm ポリマー コーティング金対象化、血管内皮細胞とドラッグデリバリー

周囲条件下での金ナノ粒子の安定オリゴマークラスターのサイズ制御された合成のための簡単な方法

DNA 折り紙テンプレートを用いたカイラルプラズモニック Metamolecules に金ナノロッドのアセンブリ

粒子の合成機能 10 nm ポリマーコーティング金対象化、血管内皮細胞とドラッグデリバリー