Chromatography is an analytical technique widely used in fields such as chemistry, biology, environmental science, and pharmaceuticals to separate the ...

Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the ...

In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the ...

In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a ...

In chromatography, a solute moves through a chromatographic column and tends to spread, forming a Gaussian-shaped band. The longer the solute spends in ...

Band broadening in a chromatography column is measured by its efficiency. This is determined by the number of theoretical plates (N). Theoretical plate ...

The rate theory of chromatography provides quantitative insight into the shapes and widths of elution bands. These bands are based on the random-walk ...

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several ...

Silica gel column chromatography is a technique for separating compounds using a column packed with silica gel as the stationary phase. This method relies ...

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates compounds based on their polarity. TLC typically uses polar silica gel, a ...

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify ...

Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid ...

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the ...

Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, ...

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types ...

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection ...

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, ...

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic ...

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument ...

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The ...

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a ...

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. ...

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples ...

Affinity chromatography is a powerful technique extensively utilized for separating and purifying specific biomolecules from complex mixtures. It ...

Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric ...

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary ...

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary ...