4.1 : 理解意识

Consciousness involves an individual's awareness of internal and external stimuli.

Internal stimuli might include feelings of hunger or emotional states like anger, while external stimuli could be seeing a traffic signal or hearing the sound of an alarm.

Consciousness ranges from deep sleep to high alertness and includes states like daydreaming or altered states, each having varying levels of awareness and responsiveness.

Consciousness consists of two key elements: awareness and arousal.

Awareness occurs when people notice things happening inside and around them, such as feeling anxious upon hearing thunder.

Arousal is the body's response, preparing for potential action, like the heart beating faster upon hearing thunder and responding to a storm by seeking shelter.

Conversely, during sleep, consciousness is reduced, physical activity and awareness of surroundings decrease, and the individual becomes less active and responsive to the external world.

From a neurological perspective, consciousness arises from the way neurons communicate with each other to process and make sense of what we see, hear, and remember.