19.3 : 仲胺和叔胺的命名法

Secondary and tertiary amines can be symmetrical with identical alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom or unsymmetrical when more than one type of alkyl group is present.

In common nomenclature, secondary and tertiary amines are named alkylamines. For symmetrical amines, prefixes, di- and tri- are used. In the case of unsymmetrical amines, individual substituents are identified and listed alphabetically.

In the IUPAC nomenclature, the amines are named N-alkylalkanamines.

To assign the IUPAC name, identify the alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Next, select the longest chain as the parent, while the other alkyl groups are listed as substituents.

Now, number the parent chain by assigning the lowest number to the carbon atom bearing nitrogen.

Assign locants to each substituent. The letter N is used as a locant for the alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

Finally, assemble the name and specify the configuration of the chiral center, if present, at the beginning of the name.