Chapter 13
An Overview of the Cardiovascular System: Anatomy, Physiology, Assessment, and Abnormalities
心脏解剖学
The human heart is a hollow cone-shaped muscle that comprises three layers.
The outermost layer is the epicardium, the middle layer is the myocardium, and ...
血管解剖学
The vascular system is a circulatory network of arteries and veins essential for maintaining homeostasis.
The arteries carry oxygenated blood from the ...
心脏生理学:心动周期
The cardiac cycle occurs during a complete heartbeat and consists of three phases: diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole.
The cardiac cycle ...
心脏的传导系统
The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This ...
心脏动作电位
A cardiac action potential involves a series of electrical changes across the heart cell membrane, leading to contraction and relaxation.
Nodal cells and ...
心输出量 I:心率对心输出量的影响
Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, ...
心输出量 II:每搏输出量对心输出量的影响
Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart ...
心血管系统的调节
The regulation of the cardiovascular system is essential for maintaining homeostasis.
This process involves the autonomic nervous system, baroreceptors, ...
心血管系统评估 I:主观数据
Cardiovascular assessment involves gathering subjective data covering the following elements.
First, ask the patient to verbalize about past medical and ...
心血管系统评估 II:检查
Inspection is the first step in assessing the cardiovascular system, providing vital information about circulatory and cardiac health.
Begin by placing ...
心血管系统评估 III:触诊
Palpation in cardiovascular examination assesses jugular pressure, maximal impulse, pulses, capillary refill, and edema.
First, place the patient in a ...
心血管系统评估 IV:听诊
Cardiac auscultation involves listening to heart sounds using a stethoscope.
The normal heart sounds are S1 and S2 and are heard using the ...
心血管系统异常发现 I:视诊和触诊
Abnormal findings during the inspection and palpation of a cardiovascular examination include the following:
First, examine for signs of distress, such as ...
心血管系统异常发现 II:听诊
Abnormal heart sounds such as S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs occur due to structural or functional issues during systole ...
版权所属 © 2025 MyJoVE 公司版权所有，本公司不涉及任何医疗业务和医疗服务。