Name: testing tactile masking between the forearms
Uploaded: 2016-02-10T15:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms at JoVE.com

LRH Kanada Doğal Bilimler ve Mühendislik Araştırma Konseyi (NSERC) tarafından desteklenmiştir. SD kısmen programı CREATE NSERC desteklenen edildi.

Deneylerin hepsi York Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmış ve tüm katılımcıların bilgilendirilmiş onam formları imzaladı. Deneyler Helsinki Antlaşması uyarınca yapıldı. 1. Uyarılar <ol><li> Tactile Algılama uyarıcı <ol><li> 100 milisaniye boyunca 250 Hz titreşim dokunsal uyaranlara teslim bir tactor (1.17 &quot;çapında ve 0.30&quot; kalınlığında) kullanın. Bir amaca tactor kullanarak seyahat miktarına ve uygulanan gerilimi arasındaki doğrusal bir ilişki sağlar. </li><li> 64 bit ses kartı ile dokunsal uyaran teslim kontrol eder. <ol><li> tactor sürücü için bir hoparlör olarak davranın. 64-bit bilgisayar stereo ses kartına bir stereo ses amplifikatörü bağlayın. Amplifikatör (örneğin, &#39;sol hoparlör çıkışı&#39;) çıkışlarından birine tactor bağlayın. Par işitsel sinyalleri sağlamak için düzenli bir hoparlöre amplifikatör ikinci kanal (örneğin, &#39;sağ hoparlör out&#39;) bağlayınbir katılımcı. </li><li> Deney kontrol eden bilgisayar kodunda, (tactor (süre 100 milisaniye örneğin, 250 Hz sinüs) titreşimle için kullanılacak dalga şeklini ve işitsel sinyal için başka dalga biçimi üretir, örneğin, bir ile 3.000 Hz sinüs 100 milisaniye süre). Yan Kod Dosya Örnek Kod 1&#39;e bakınız. </li><li> iki boyutlu bir dizisi, bu iki dalga formu her koyun. tactor dizisi için ilk boyutta sinyal koymak ve tüm sıfır ikinci boyut ayarlayın. Ses dizi ikinci boyutta sinyal koymak ve tüm sıfırlardan ilk olarak ayarlayın. Programda uygun noktada ses kartı uygun bir dizi oynayın. Bu nasıl yapılır bir gösteri için ek kod Dosya Örnek Kod 1&#39;e bakınız. </li></ol></li><li> mekanik tabanlı sabitleme ürünü ile bir kayış tactor takın. </li></ol></li><li> maskeleme uyarıcı <ol><li> ha, bir elektrik ile maskeleme uyaran sağlamakvibratör (4 cm çapında, 83 Hz &quot;düşük&quot; ayarlanmış iken) nd-düzenledi. </li><li> maskeleme test edilecek olan alanlarına göre, maskeleme uyaran uygulanacak olan siteleri seçin. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Deneysel Kurulum ve Tasarım <ol><li> deneyci için bunun önünde bir sandalyede, ile, bir masanın üzerinde bilgisayar ve donanımları düzenleyin. </li><li> katılımcılar sol (testi) kol dinlenme hangi bir tablo oluşturun. Tablonun sağ tarafına bir sandalye yerleştirin. Bir sonraki katılımcılar sağ (maskeleme kolu) dirsek dinlenme hangi sandalyeye bir kol dayama standı koyun. Tabloya yastıklama ekleyin ve konfor için kolçak. </li><li> mekanik izole yüzey üzerinde bir hoparlör düzenleyin. Katılımcının feet (Şekil 1) onlara rahatlıkla böylece (bilgisayar farenin sol ve sağ tuşları ile bağlı) ayak pedalları düzenleyin. </li><li> Gerekli çalışmaların uygun sayıda da dahil olmak üzere, çalışma parametrelerini seçineşik (genellikle 40-50 arası çalışmalar) ve deney bölünecek olan içine blok sayısı güvenilir bir tahmin elde etmek için (örneğin, durum başına 20-25 çalışmaların iki blok). </li><li> koşullar çalıştırmak olacaktır sırayla bir listesini yapın. nerede her blok için maskeleme uyaran tutun belirlemek için bu listeyi kullanın. </li><li> Doğrudan bilgisayar program kodunun içine çalışmaların sayısını girin (örneğin, ntrials = 25; Ltd. Kod Dosyası bakınız). Her blok dikkat korumak için 10 dakika daha uzun olduğundan emin olun. </li><li> Bayes adaptif psikofiziksel merdiven psikometrik prosedür 12 ile kontrol edilir yoğunluğunu uyaran olan iki alternatif zorunlu seçmeli dokunsal algılama görevini 11 programlayın. <ol><li> Her deneme için, mevcut iki 1 sn aralıklarla, aralıklarla birinin ortasında sunulan dokunsal uyaran ile, üç bip sesi (kHz 5, 3 kHz ve 5 kHz, süre 100 msn) ile işaretlenmiş. katılımcı i varuyarıcı ayak pedalları vasıtasıyla sunuldu aralığı içinde düzeyinde belirtmemektedir (sağdan ikinci için, ilk kez sol). aralıklarla çalıştırın ve puanlanır gösterir Örnek Kod 2, bakın. Not: Bilgisayar puanları &quot;doğru&quot; ya da &quot;yanlış&quot; ve adaptif merdiven gibi tepki buna göre sunulmak üzere sonraki değeri seçer. Not: Bu yöntem, test sahasında titreşim tespit edilmesi için bir eşik değerini belirler. </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="Şekil 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/53733/53733fig1.jpg" /> Şekil 1. Deneysel Tasarım. Bu rakam deney seti yukarı ve kullanılan malzemeler gösterir. ayrıntılar için metne bakınız. 3. Deneysel Prosedür <ol><li> yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam edinin. kendi ayakları tepki ayak pedalları rahatça dinlenme ve deneysel prosedür açıklamak ile sandalyede katılımcıyı Seat. &lt;/ Li&gt; <li> Tedbir ve sol önkol dorsal yüzeyi uzunluğu kaydedin. tactor dirsek iç açısı ve bilek kırışık arasındaki kol yarım ortasına konumlandırılmış böylece kayışı uygulayın. </li><li> yerinde tactor tutmak için kol etrafında gevşek birkaç kez tensör bandaj sarın. </li><li> masanın üzerine sol kol yerleştirin ve kol dayanağı üzerindeki sağ dirseğini dinlenmek için katılımcıların söyleyin. katılımcıyı gözleri bağlı uyaran bakarak veya yer maskeleme önlemek ve dosdoğru deney boyunca bakmalarını talimat. </li><li> dokunsal algılama görevi ile katılımcılara tanıtmak için (maskeleme uyaran olmadan) 20 uygulama denemeleri bir blok ile başlayın ve onları dokunsal uyaranlara aşina olmak için izin vermek. </li><li> uygulama denemeleri ardından, rastgele, denge sırayla koşulları blokları çalışan deney başlar. Her blok başlamadan önce, emin olun bu silah ve maskeleme stimulus doğru pozisyonda bulunmaktadır. <ol><li> Her durum için, daha önce yapılan koşullara listesine atıfta seçilen sitede maskeleme uyaran tutun. çalıştırılan her koşul kapalı çapraz. yaklaşık olarak sabit basıncı muhafaza veri toplama çalışmaların her blok boyunca maskeleme uyaran tutun. maskeleme uyaran ince giysiler aracılığıyla uygulanabilir. </li><li> önce seçilen çalışmaların bir dizi numara ile devam edecek deneysel programını çalıştırın. çalışmaların her kısa bloğundan sonra 2 dk dinlenme süresi tanıtın. çalışmaların belirli bir blok tamamlandıktan sonra, maskeleme uyaran bir sonraki siteyi seçin ve programı yeniden çalıştırın. Tüm çalışmalar tamamlanıncaya kadar tekrarlayın. </li></ol></li></ol> 4. Veri Analizi <ol><li> Kümülatif Gauss için kümülatif Gauss ile formülü katılımcıların veri sığdırmak, görselleştirmek ve adaptif merdiven programı 12 tarafından döndürülen eşik değerin tahminini doğrulamak için% 50 gider (sigmoid) (şans seviyesi - eşit 0s sayısı - yanlış ve 1&#39;s- doğru)% 100 (tüm 1&#39;lerin tamamı doğru olur): Doğru yanıt olasılığı = 0,5 + 0,5 / (+ exp (1 - (x-x0) / std)) x test yoğunluk değeri olduğu, x0% 75 eşik değeri ve std tahmin standart sapması olduğunu. Bu formül bir eğri-uydurma yazılımı kullanılarak veri ve uyarlanabilir bir merdiven değeri ile karşılaştırıldığında elde edilen x 0 değerine takılabilir. <ol><li> eğri 50% (şansı performans) ile% 100 arasında gider emin olun. Test koşulları arasında herhangi bir fark olup olmadığını belirlemek için (farklı maskeleme siteleri arasında örneğin,) deney her koşul altında elde edilen% 75 eşik değerlerine istatistiksel analizler (örneğin, t-testi veya ANOVA) yürütün. </li></ol></li><li> , Uç değerleri belirlemek ortalama ve belirli bir durum için standart sapmayı hesaplamak için. ortalama her katılımcının puanı karşılaştırın veTek bir skor bu bir aykırı olarak bu puan görüyor ve analiz çıkarın sonra ortalama 2 den fazla standart sapma ise. istenirse alternatif kriterler kullanılabilir. </li><li> (Isteğe bağlı birimlerle ifade edilmiştir) kontaktörü yoğunluğunun değerleri standart için, (maskeleme uyaran kontrol sitesi, örneğin omuz uygulandığında ölçülmüştür) onları kontrol eşik göre desibel dönüştürmek. Bu formülü kullan: dB = 10 x 10 (eşik değeri / kontrol eşik değerini) oturum açın. </li></ol>

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Yazarlar hiçbir rakip mali çıkarları olduğunu beyan ederim.

Burada, karşı dokunsal maskeleme için ayrıntılı bir protokol açıklanan ve dokunsal tespit eşikleri test etmek için bir teknik kullanılarak daha önce yayınlanmış sonuçlar gösterilmektedir. Bu yöntemin avantajı, eşiklerin psychophysically sıkı bir teknik kullanılarak ölçülür olmasıdır. İki alternatif zorunlu seçim (2AFC) işlemi yanıt önyargı nispeten duyarsız ve bu nedenle dikkat etkilerden olduğunu. verilerin çoğu eşik seviyesine yakın uyaran yoğunlukları ile toplanır fiili eş...

gövde üzerinde bir yerde bir dokunsal uyaran başka bir yerde bir dokunuş algısını değiştirir nerede dokunsal maskeleme olduğunu. Bu, vücut yüzeyi üzerindeki bitişik deri alanları arasındaki konumu etkileşimleri, özellikle lateral inhibisyonu ortaya von Bekesy 1 öncülük bir tekniktir. Dokunsal maskeleme yıldır yoğun çalışmalar olsa da, araştırma ağırlıklı elektrik stimülasyonu 2, 3, basınç 4, ve vibrotactile stimülasyon 5, 6 kullanarak ipsilateral dokunsal maskeleme araştırmıştır. Buna karşılık, az sayıda çalışma maskeleme ve sonda siteleri uzak kaldırılmış olabilir hangi taraf dokunsal maskeleme baktım. Uzun menzilli dokunsal maskeleme efektleri yandan ayna-simetrik noktaları arasında gösterilen ve kol 5, 7 edilmiştir - 9 ancak bu çalışmalar büyük ölçüde elleri ve parmakları 7 bakarak sınırlı olmuştur10, tüm vücut daha geniş parçaları ile büyük ölçüde göz ardı ediliyor. Bu tür uzun menzilli maskeleme deneyleri bir amacı beyinde vücudun temsil bileşenleri işlevsel bağlantılı olabilir nasıl göstermektir. Burada, uzun menzilli dokunsal maskeleme olgusu bir önkol uygulanan titreşim karşısında önkol dokunma hassasiyeti eşiklerini nasıl etkileyebileceğine incelenerek araştırılmıştır. Eşik bir uyarıcı tespit etmek için gerekli olan minimum uyarıcı değinmektedir. Bu teşvik zaman% 75 tespit edildiği yoğunluğu olarak tanımlar. Biz bir kol üzerinde el hassasiyeti (eşik karşılıklı) vücudun başka bir kısmına bir titreşimli uyarıcı (maske) mevcudiyetinde ölçüldüğü bir dokunma maskeleme tekniği kullanılır. Etkili maskeleme Algılama Eşiği yani bir artış, duyarlılıkta bir azalma ortaya çıkar. teknik, o değişen bacak pozisyonu olarak diğer manipülasyonlar ile bağlantılı olarak kullanılabilirr hareketi maskeleme etkinliği üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak için. Burada maskeleme uyarıcı olarak vibrotactile uyaranlara kullanılır. Bunun avantajı, bu harekete frekansı ve dolayısıyla reseptör tip kontrol edilebilir olmasıdır. teknik probu veya maske ya da her ikisi gibi elektrikli uyaranlara kullanarak ağrı bakmak için uzun olabilir. Ayrıca, herhangi bir yer, örneğin akupunktur sitelerinin soruşturma izin maskeleme alan olarak kullanılabilir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>C-2 tactor</td><td>ATAC Technology; Engineering Acoustics, Inc.</td><td></td><td>http://www.atactech.com/PR_tactors.html</td></tr><tr><td>Magic Wand</td><td>Hitachi</td><td></td><td>http://magicwandoriginal.com/magic-wand-original/</td></tr><tr><td>FC5 Foot Pedals</td><td>Yamaha Corporation</td><td></td><td>http://ca.yamaha.com/en/products/music-production/accessories/footpedals/fc5/?mode=model</td></tr><tr><td>MATLAB</td><td>The Mathworks, Inc.</td><td></td><td>http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/</td></tr><tr><td>Velcro</td><td>Velcro Industries B.V.</td><td></td><td>http://www.velcro.com/</td></tr></tbody></table>

testing tactile masking between the forearms

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, usually using stimuli that are close together to reveal local interactions. Masking effects have also been demonstrated in which a tactile stimulus alters the perception of a touch at a distant location. Such effects can provide insight into how components of the body's representations in the brain may be linked. Occasional reports have indicated that touches on one hand or forearm can affect tactile sensitivity at corresponding contralateral locations. To explore the matching of corresponding points across the body, we can measure the spatial tuning and effect of posture on contralateral masking. Careful controls are required to rule out direct effects of the remote stimulus, for example by mechanical transmission, and also attention effects in which thresholds may be altered by the participant's attention being drawn away from the stimulus of interest. The use of this technique is beneficial as a behavioural measure for exploring which parts of the body are functionally connected and whether the two sides of the body interact in a somatotopic representation. This manuscript describes a behavioural protocol that can be used for studying contralateral tactile masking.

Verilerin analizi, 13 bildirilmiştir. Ön kol (kontrol durumda ölçülen eşik göre ifade edilir) dokunma duyarlılığı önemli ölçüde ön kol arasında bir karşı maskeleme etkisi gösteren, (eşikleri önemli ölçüde artmıştır) vibrotactile maskeleme stimülasyon karşı taraftaki (Şekil 2A) uygulandığı zaman indirgendi. Maske ve test siteleri geldi zaman etkisi büyük etkisi meydana gelen, maskeleme kolundaki maskeleme uyaranın pozisyon ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms at JoVE.com

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Önkol arasında Test Tactile Maskeleme

Here we explore contralateral tactile masking between the forearms in which tactile detection thresholds are modulated by vibration applied to a remote site. The details of which remote sites have an effect can tell us about how the body is represented in the brain.

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, ...

testing-tactile-masking-between-the-forearms

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

6.3K Görüntüleme.  York University. Here we explore contralateral tactile masking between the forearms in which tactile detection thresholds are modulated by vibration applied to a remote site. The details of which remote sites have an effect can tell us about how the body is represented in the brain. 

Video: Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

Tests that allow the precise determination of psychophysical thresholds for vibration and grating orientation provide valuable information about mechanosensory function that are relevant for clinical diagnosis as well as for basic research. Here, we describe two psychophysical tests designed to determine the vibration detection threshold (automated system) and tactile spatial acuity (handheld device). Both procedures implement a two-interval forced-choice and a transformed-rule up and down experimental paradigm. These tests have been used to obtain mechanosensory profiles for individuals from distinct human cohorts such as twins or people with sensorineural deafness.

Here, we present protocols to determine vibration detection thresholds and tactile acuity using psychophysical methods in man.

İnsan Bireylerde Titreşim Algılama Eşiği ve Tactile Mekansal Keskinliği Ölçümü

Tests that allow the precise determination of psychophysical thresholds for vibration and grating orientation provide valuable information about ...

Davranış

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional rubber-hand illusion or the more recently discovered enfacement illusion. However, these examples require rather artificial experimental setups, in which the artificial effector needs to be stroked in synchrony with the participants&#39; real hand or face&#8212;a situation in which participants have no control over the stroking or the movements of their real or artificial effector. Here, we describe a technique to establish ownership illusions in a setup that is more realistic, more intuitive, and of presumably higher ecological validity. It allows creating the virtual-hand illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual hand presented on a screen or in virtual space in front of them. If the virtual hand moves in synchrony with the participants&#39; own real hand, they tend to perceive the virtual hand as part of their own body. The technique also creates the virtual-face illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual face in front of them, again with the effect that they tend to perceive the face as their own if it moves in synchrony with their real face. Studying the circumstances that illusions of this sort can be created, increased, or reduced provides important information about how people create and maintain representations of themselves.

Here, we describe virtual-hand and virtual-face illusion paradigms that can be used to study body-related self-perception/-representation. They have already been used in various studies to demonstrate that, under specific conditions, a virtual hand or face can be incorporated into one&#39;s body representation, suggesting that body representations are rather flexible.

Sanal el ve Sanal yüz Illusions oluşturma Kendinden temsil Araştırma

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional ...

A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception

Proprioception may be the least well measured of all contributors to the neural control of movement. New precise, reliable measures of proprioception are needed for clinical diagnosis of impairment, and to measure outcomes of proprioceptive training. The purpose of this simple, non-invasive method is to temporarily knockdown upper limb proprioception in healthy adults, to an extent that would be useful in the development and testing of upper limb proprioception measures. Knockdown models have two main advantages over studying humans with impaired proprioception: participant availability and the ability to control the extent of impairment across participants. Current published methods of temporary proprioception knockdown of the upper limb, such as ischemic nerve blocks and cryotherapy, are invasive, impractical, or uncomfortable for the participant. Here, vibration over the ulnar groove was used to reduce upper limb proprioception. High frequency vibration may reduce proprioceptive acuity by inhibiting pacinian corpuscle-induced input. The effect of vibration used in this protocol was confirmed using two quantitative measures. This method was simple to administer, comfortable for participants, and practical.

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate a practical method to temporarily interfere with proprioception in the upper limb of healthy humans.

Üst ekstremite Proprioception geçici nakavt için basit bir Non-invaziv yöntem

Proprioception may be the least well measured of all contributors to the neural control of movement. New precise, reliable measures of proprioception are ...

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans

"Affective" touch is believed to be processed in a manner distinct from discriminatory touch and to involve activation of C-tactile (CT) afferent fibers. Touch that optimally activates CT fibers is consistently rated as hedonically pleasant. Patient groups with impaired social-emotional functioning also show disordered affective touch ratings. However, relying on self-reported ratings of touch has many limitations, including recall bias and communication barriers. Here, we describe a methodological approach to study affective responses to touch via facial electromyography (EMG) that circumvents the reliance on self-report ratings. Facial EMG is an objective, quantitative, and non-invasive method to measure facial muscle activity indicative of affective responses. Responses can be assessed across healthy and patient populations without the need for verbal communication. Here, we provide two separate datasets demonstrating that CT-optimal and non-optimal touch elicit distinct facial muscle reactions. Moreover, facial EMG responses are consistent across stimulus modalities, e.g. tactile (experienced touch) and visual (observed touch). Finally, the temporal resolution of facial EMG can detect responses on timescales that supersede that of verbal reporting. Together, our data suggest that facial EMG is a suitable methodology for use in affective tactile research that can be used to supplement, or in some cases, supplant, existing measures.

We describe a protocol to assess facial muscle activity in response to experienced and observed tactile stimulation using facial electromyography.

Deneyimli ve gözlenen duygusal Touch insanlarda yüz kas tepkileri değerlendirmek için yüz Elektromiyografi kullanma

"Affective" touch is believed to be processed in a manner distinct from discriminatory touch and to involve activation of C-tactile (CT) afferent fibers. ...

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

The application of incongruent sensory signals that involves disrupted tactile feedback is rarely explored, specifically with the presence of vibrotactile feedback (VTF). This protocol aims to test the effect of VTF on the response to incongruent visual-tactile stimuli. The tactile feedback is acquired by grasping a block and moving it across a partition. The visual feedback is a real-time virtual presentation of the moving block, acquired using a motion capture system. The congruent feedback is the reliable presentation of the movement of the block, so that the subject feels that the block is grasped and see it move along with the path of the hand. The incongruent feedback appears as the movement of the block diverts from the actual movement path, so that it seems to drop from the hand when it is actually still held by the subject, thereby contradicting the tactile feedback. Twenty subjects (age 30.2 &#177; 16.3) repeated 16 block transfers, while their hand was hidden. These were repeated with VTF and without VTF (total of 32 block transfers). Incongruent stimuli were presented randomly twice within the 16 repetitions in each condition (with and without VTF). Each subject was asked to rate the difficulty level of performing the task with and without the VTF. There were no statistically significant differences in the length of the hand paths and durations between transfers recorded with congruent and incongruent visual-tactile signals &#8211; with and without the VTF. The perceived difficulty level of performing the task with the VTF significantly correlated with the normalized path length of the block with VTF (r = 0.675, p = 0.002). This setup is used to quantify the additive or reductive value of VTF during motor function that involves incongruent visual-tactile stimuli. Possible applications are prosthetics design, smart sport-wear, or any other garments that incorporate VTF.

We present a protocol to apply incongruent visual-tactile stimuli during an object transfer task. Specifically, during block transfers, performed while the hand is hidden, a virtual presentation of the block shows random occurrences of false block drops. The protocol also describes adding vibrotactile feedback while performing the motor task.

Vibro-dokunsal geribildirim ile nesne aktarımı sırasında uyumsuz görsel-dokunsal uyaranlara uygulama

The application of incongruent sensory signals that involves disrupted tactile feedback is rarely explored, specifically with the presence of vibrotactile ...

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering controlled spatially structured stimuli to the skin. Consequently, investigators often apply tactile stimuli manually. Manual stimulus application is time consuming, requires great care and concentration on the part of the investigator, and leaves many stimulus parameters uncontrolled. We describe here a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system, the Tactile Automated Passive-finger Stimulator (TAPS), that applies spatially structured stimuli to the skin, controlling for onset velocity, contact force, and contact duration. TAPS is a versatile, programmable system, capable of efficiently conducting a variety of psychophysical procedures. We describe the components of TAPS, and show how TAPS is used to administer a two-interval forced-choice tactile grating orientation test.
Corresponding Author: Daniel Goldreich

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

We describe a computer-controlled device for investigating the sense of touch: the Tactile Automated Passive-finger Stimulator (TAPS). We describe the components of TAPS, and show how TAPS is used to administer a two-interval forced-choice tactile grating orientation test.

Dokunsal Otomatik Pasif-Parmak Stimülatör (TAPS)

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering ...

Biyoloji

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia

Proprioception is an important component of controlled movement. The threshold to detection of passive movement (TDPM) is a commonly used method for quantifying the proprioceptive submodality of kinesthesia in research settings. The TDPM paradigm has been found to be valid and reliable; however, the equipment and methods used for TDPM vary between studies. In particular, the research laboratory apparatuses for producing passive movement of an extremity are often custom designed by individual laboratories or inaccessible due to high cost. There is a need for a standardized, valid, and reliable method for measuring TDPM using readily available equipment. The purpose of this protocol is to provide a standardized method for measurement of TDPM at the elbow that is economical, easy to administer, and that produces quantitative results for measurement purposes in research-based settings. This method was tested on 20 healthy adults without neurological impairment, and eight adults with chronic stroke. The results obtained suggest this method is a reliable way to quantify elbow TDPM in healthy adults, and provides initial support for validity. Researchers seeking a balance between equipment affordability and measurement precision are most likely to find this protocol of benefit.

Here, we present a standardized method for measurement of elbow passive kinesthesia using the threshold to detection of passive movement (TDPM) that is appropriate for a research setting.

Dirsek Kinestezisi Ölçümü için StandartLaştırılmış Bir Yöntem

Proprioception is an important component of controlled movement. The threshold to detection of passive movement (TDPM) is a commonly used method for ...

Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain

Mapping the motor cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has potential to interrogate motor cortex physiology and plasticity but carries unique challenges in children. Similarly, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can improve motor learning in adults but has only recently been applied to children. The use of tDCS and emerging techniques like high&#8211;definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) require special methodological considerations in the developing brain. Robotic TMS motor mapping may confer unique advantages for mapping, particularly in the developing brain. Here, we aim to provide a practical, standardized approach for two integrated methods capable of simultaneously exploring motor cortex modulation and motor maps in children. First, we describe a protocol for robotic TMS motor mapping. Individualized, MRI-navigated 12x12 grids centered on the motor cortex guide a robot to administer single-pulse TMS. Mean motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes per grid point are used to generate 3D motor maps of individual hand muscles with outcomes including map area, volume, and center of gravity. Tools to measure safety and tolerability of both methods are also included. Second, we describe the application of both tDCS and HD-tDCS to modulate the motor cortex and motor learning. An experimental training paradigm and sample results are described. These methods will advance the application of non-invasive brain stimulation in children.

We demonstrate protocols for the modulation (tDCS, HD-tDCS) and mapping (robotic TMS) of the motor cortex in children.

Gelişmekte olan beyin motor Cortex non-Invaziv modülasyon ve robotik haritalama

Mapping the motor cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has potential to interrogate motor cortex physiology and plasticity but carries ...

Nörobilim

Capturing Dynamic Finger Gesturing with High-resolution Surface Electromyography and Computer Vision

Finger gestures are a critical element in human communication, and as such, finger gesture recognition is widely studied as a human-computer interface for state-of-the-art prosthetics and optimized rehabilitation. Surface electromyography (sEMG), in conjunction with deep learning methods, is considered a promising method in this domain. However, current methods often rely on cumbersome recording setups and the identification of static hand positions, limiting their effectiveness in real-world applications. The protocol we report here presents an advanced approach combining a wearable surface EMG and finger&#160;tracking system to capture comprehensive data during dynamic hand movements. The method records muscle activity from soft printed electrode arrays (16 electrodes) placed on the forearm as subjects perform gestures in different hand positions and during movement. Visual instructions prompt subjects to perform specific gestures while EMG and finger positions are recorded. The integration of synchronized EMG recordings and finger tracking data enables comprehensive analysis of muscle activity patterns and corresponding gestures. The reported approach demonstrates the potential of combining EMG and visual tracking technologies as an important resource for developing intuitive and responsive gesture recognition systems with applications in prosthetics, rehabilitation, and interactive technologies. This protocol aims to guide researchers and practitioners, fostering further innovation and application of gesture recognition in dynamic and real-world scenarios.

The paper presents a comprehensive protocol for simultaneously recording hand-electromyography (EMG) and visual finger tracking during natural finger gesturing. The visual data is designed to serve as the ground truth for the development of accurate EMG-based computational models for finger gesture recognition.

Yüksek Çözünürlüklü Yüzey Elektromiyografisi ve Bilgisayarlı Görü ile Dinamik Parmak Hareketlerini Yakalama

Finger gestures are a critical element in human communication, and as such, finger gesture recognition is widely studied as a human-computer interface for ...

Biyomühendislik

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Reaching is a widely studied behavior in motor physiology and neuroscience research. While reaching has been examined using a variety of behavioral manipulations, there remain significant gaps in the understanding of the neural processes involved in reach planning, execution, and control. The novel approach described here combines a two-dimensional reaching task with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and concurrent electromyography (EMG) recording from multiple muscles. This method allows for the noninvasive detection of corticospinal activity at precise time points during the unfolding of reaching movements. The example task code includes a delayed response reaching task with two possible targets displayed &#177; 45&#176; off the midline. Single pulse TMS is delivered on the majority of task trials, either at the onset of the preparatory cue (baseline) or 100 ms prior to the imperative cue (delay). This sample design is suitable for investigating changes in corticospinal excitability during reach preparation. The sample code also includes a visuomotor perturbation (i.e., cursor rotation of &#177; 20&#176;) to investigate the effects of adaptation on corticospinal excitability during reach preparation. The task parameters and TMS delivery can be adjusted to address specific hypotheses about the state of the motor system during reaching behavior. In the initial implementation, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were successfully elicited on 83% of TMS trials, and reach trajectories were recorded on all trials.

Reaching is a fundamental skill that allows humans to interact with the environment. Several studies have aimed to characterize reaching behavior using a variety of methodologies. This paper offers an open-source application of transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the state of corticospinal excitability in humans during reaching task performance.

Hedefe Yönelik Ulaşma Davranışı Sırasında Kortikospinal Uyarılabilirliğin Değerlendirilmesi

Reaching is a widely studied behavior in motor physiology and neuroscience research. While reaching has been examined using a variety of behavioral ...