Name: chondrogenic differentiation induction of adipose-derived stem cells by centrifugal gravity
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This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HI14C2116) and by Research Fund of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea.

この研究プロトコルは、カトリック大学校（KC16EAME0162）の施設内倫理委員会によって承認され、NIHガイドラインに従って実施しました。すべての組織は、書面によるインフォームドコンセントが得られました。 1.遠心重力ロードとペレット文化<ol><li>細胞培養および収穫<ol><li>培養のASC（P2-P3、材料のリストを参照）を37℃で10％ウシ胎児血清（FBS）および1％ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン（P / S）を補充したダルベッコ変法イーグル培地 - 低グルコース（DMEM-LG）に5％CO 2を含む加湿インキュベーターです。 </li><li>細胞が80％コンフルエンスに達したとき、培地を廃棄し、1×リン酸緩衝生理食塩水5mLの（PBS）で細胞を洗浄します。 </li><li> 1mMのEDTAを含有するPBSを1ml加え、5％CO 2を含む加湿インキュベーター中、37℃で2分間インキュベートします。 </li><li>静かに培養プレートをタップして、新鮮な培地の4 mLを加え、に細胞を移します15-mLコニカルチューブ、および室温（RT）で2分間、250×gで細胞を遠心します。 </li></ol></li><li>遠心重力荷重<ol><li>遠心分離（ステップ1.1.4）の後、ペレットを乱すことなく、上清を除去し、10％FBSを含むDMEM-LGの10 mL中にペレットを再懸濁。血球計数器を用いて細胞を数えます。 </li><li> CGのロードについては、15分間、2400×gで新しい15 mLコニカルチューブと遠心分離機に2.5×10 5個の細胞を移します。 </li></ol></li><li>ペレット培養<ol><li>直ちに遠心分離後、上清を吸引し、定義された軟骨形成分化培地500μL（CDM、1％FBSを補充した高グルコースDMEM、1％ITS +プレミックス、100nMのデキサメタゾン、1×MEM非必須アミノ酸溶液を追加し、50μgの/ mLのL-プロリン、および1％ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン）。すべての培地交換で新たに調製したL-アスコルビン酸を50μg/ mLの2リン酸を追加します。ポジティブコントロールとして、軟骨形成differentiatiを誘導追加することにより、遠心分離していない細胞内にCDMは、10ng / mLのTGF-β1を含みます。 </li><li>立った姿勢でペレットを含むゆるくキャップチューブを置き、5％CO 2を含む加湿インキュベーター中、37℃でインキュベートします。 </li><li> 3週間一日おきに培地を変更します。 </li></ol></li><li>マイクロマス培養<ol><li>直ちに遠心分離（ステップ1.2.2; 15分間、2400×gで）後、上清を吸引し、CDMの10μLにペレットを再懸濁。 </li><li>マイクロマスを形成するために、24ウェルプレートのウェルの中央に再懸濁した細胞を配置します。 </li><li> 2時間後、慎重にマイクロマスの中断を避けるために、プレートの壁にも、ピペッティングにCDMの1 mLを加え。ポジティブコントロールとして、10ng / mLのTGF-β1を含むCDMを追加することにより、遠心分離していない細胞とマイクロマス培養を行います。 </li><li> 5％CO 2を含む加湿インキュベーター中で37℃でマイクロマス培養します。 </li><li>メディアEVを変更3週間先日ERY。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2.逆転写酵素 - ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応（RT-PCR）は、軟骨細胞分化マーカーの転写アップレギュレーションを検出します<ol><li> 14日目に、新しい1.5 mLチューブに回転楕円体ペレットを転送し、1×PBSでそれらを洗浄するためのピペットを使用しています。 </li><li>グアニジンチオシアネート-フェノール-クロロホルム抽出法9を使用して、ペレットから全RNAを抽出します。 </li><li>製造業者のプロトコルに従って逆転写酵素を用いて全RNAの2μgのからcDNAを合成し（1時間、42℃でインキュベートし、次いで5分間70℃で酵素を不活性化します）。 </li><li>軟骨形成分化マーカー10に特異的なプライマーを用いてPCRを行います。 </li></ol> 3.染色は、軟骨形成分化マーカータンパク質の過剰発現を検出するために、 <ol><li>パラフィン包埋細胞ペレット<ol><li> 21日目に、回転楕円体ペレットを収穫し、1×PBSでそれらを洗浄するためのピペットを使用しています。 </li><li> 24時間、4％パラホルムアルデヒド中に浸漬することによりスフェロイドペレットを修正しました。 注意：パラホルムアルデヒドは、非常に有毒です。眼、皮膚、または粘膜との接触を避けます。露出を最小限に抑え、準備中に吸入を避けます。適切な個人保護具を着用します。 </li><li>固定液を捨て、脱イオン水（DW）で細胞ペレットをすすぎます。 </li><li>カセット上にガーゼの一つの層を配置し、ピペットを用いて固定されたペレットを転送します。ガーゼを折り曲げることによってペレットを覆い、カセットのふたを閉じます。 </li><li>ペレットを脱水。 <ol><li>室温で5分間、70％エタノール（EtOH）中でペレットを浸し。 </li><li>室温で5分間、80％エタノールでペレットを浸し。 </li><li> RTで5分間、95％エタノールでペレットを浸します。 </li><li>室温で5分間、100％エタノールでペレットを浸します。二回繰り返します。 </li><li> RTで15分間、100％キシレン中でペレットを浸します。繰り返しTWICE。 </li></ol></li><li>金型内で56℃のパラフィンで固定細胞ペレットを埋め込みます。ペレットは、特殊な自動化組織処理システムを使用してパラフィンに埋め込むことができます。 </li><li>ロータリーミクロトームを用いてパラフィン包埋細胞ペレットから厚さ5μmのセクションをカット。 </li><li> 50％EtOH中でセクションをフロートした後、スライドを使用して、50℃の水浴に転送します。 </li><li>スライド上にフローティングのセクションを配置します。 </li></ol></li><li>サフラニンOおよびアルシアンブルー染色<ol><li>パラフィン切片を再水和します。 <ol><li> 15分間キシレンにスライドを浸し。二回繰り返します。 </li><li> 5分間100％エタノールでスライドを浸し。二回繰り返します。 </li><li> 5分間90％エタノールでスライドを浸し。 </li><li> 5分間80％エタノールでスライドを浸し。 </li><li> 5分間70％エタノールでスライドを浸し、その後、1×PBSでそれらを洗ってください。 </li></ol></li><li> 1％サフラニンO溶液および3％アルシアンブルーのための再水和のセクションを染色30分。 </li><li>染色液を捨て、DWでセクションをすすぎます。 </li><li> 1分間ヘマトキシリン/エオシン溶液（対比）を持つセクションを染色。 </li><li>染色液を捨て、DWでセクションをすすぎます。 </li><li>任意の残留水を除去した後、カバーガラスの取り付け培地のドロップを置きます。慎重にマウンティング培地を含むカバーガラスのスライド（セルサイドダウン）を配置。 </li><li>スライドを室温で2〜3時間乾燥することができます。 </li><li>明視野顕微鏡（自動正立顕微鏡、50Xおよび200X）を使用して画像をキャプチャします。 </li></ol></li><li>免疫蛍光測定法<ol><li>セクション3.2.1で説明したようにセクションを再水和。 </li><li>クエン酸ナトリウム緩衝液（10mMクエン酸ナトリウム、0.05％のTween 20、pH6.0）でのスライドを浸漬し、その後、マイクロ波を用いて10分間、サブ沸騰温度でそれらを維持します。 </li><li> RTで20分間スライドを冷却した後、水道水で洗っ。 </li><li> 3％のスライドをインキュベート15分間（1×PBS中の）H 2 O 2、その後15分間11水道水で洗っ。 </li><li> 1時間、緩衝液（PBS中10％正常ヤギ血清）でブロッキングしてスライドを阻止します。 </li><li>ブロッキング溶液を吸引し、次いでスライド上に5％正常ヤギ血清で希釈した一次抗体を適用します。 </li><li> 4℃で一晩スライドをインキュベートします。 </li><li> 5分ごとに、1×PBS中でスライドを3回洗浄します。 </li><li>暗所で室温で1時間、5％正常ヤギ血清で希釈した蛍光標識二次抗体中でスライドをインキュベートします。 </li><li>暗所で5分間ずつ、1×PBS中でスライドを3回洗浄します。 </li><li> 10分間DAPI（1μg/ ml）でスライドをインキュベートし、その後5分間毎に1×PBSでそれらを2回洗浄します。 </li><li>任意の残留水を除去した後、カバーガラスの取り付け培地のドロップを置きます。慎重に取り付け媒体上にスライド（セルサイドダウン）を配置。 </li><li>スライドは2-3のために乾燥することができます室温で暗所で時間。 </li><li> 12;蛍光顕微鏡（：594 nmで、DAPI 60Xおよび200X倍率340 nmのRhod）を使用してスライドを可視化します。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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We declare that we have no conflicts of interest associated with this work.

細胞の幹細胞性の状態は、SOX9のCG誘発性過剰発現のために非常に重要です。我々の研究では、SOX9の発現はなく、後述する通路のASCで、初期継代のASC（2-3）でCGによって誘発される可能性があります。培養中、ASCを3継代16までCD34 +細胞を含む、ことが報告されています。 ASCは、細胞がCGに低応答特性が得られ、継代されているとして、CD34の発現を失う傾向があります。 <p c...

関節軟骨の欠損は、自然治癒しません。したがって、幹細胞移植は、障害、軟骨の修復のための有望なアプローチとして提案されています。しかし、この方法は、幹細胞の十分な数の取得および軟骨形成分化を受けるため、これらの細胞の誘導の両方を必要とします。骨髄（BM）が広く、幹細胞の供給源として使用されているが、BMからの細胞の単離は、2つの主要な欠点があります侵襲性および不十分な収率。なぜなら取得が容易で、脂肪組織は、幹細胞の好ましい供給源です。以前の研究は、脂肪組織から幹細胞を単離し、例えば、TGF-β11、2のようなサイトカインを用いたこれらの細胞における軟骨形成分化を誘導することの実現可能性を実証しました。これらの方法は有効であるが、高価です。 サイトカインに対する低コストの代替手段として、機械的応力をするために使用することができます軟骨形成分化を誘導します。機械的荷重は、関節軟骨3の健康を維持する上で重要な役割を果たし、それが種々の細胞における軟骨形成の表現型を誘導することができます。例えば、静水圧は、MAPキナーゼ/ JNK経路4を介して滑膜由来前駆細胞における軟骨形成の表現型を誘導し、そして機械的圧縮は軟骨細胞の遺伝子5をアップレギュレートすることによって、ヒト間葉系幹細胞（MSC）で軟骨形成を誘導します。また、せん断応力は、ヒトMSC 6における軟骨形成に関連した細胞外マトリックス（ECM）の発現に寄与する。遠心重心（CG）、遠心分離によって生成さ容易に適用され、制御機械的応力は、セル7で異なる遺伝子発現を誘導することができます。例えば、肺上皮癌細胞において、インターロイキン（IL）-1bの発現を遠心分離8によってアップレギュレートされます。 Therefore、実験的に誘導機械的応力として、CGは、幹細胞における軟骨の遺伝子発現を誘導するために使用することができます。しかし、CGは、幹細胞の軟骨形成分化を誘導することができるかどうかは不明のままです。 本研究では、CGは軟骨細胞の遺伝子の過剰発現の結果、人間のASCで、SOX9、軟骨形成のマスターレギュレータのアップレギュレーションを誘導したことがわかりました。また、我々は、TGF-β1のものと軟骨のCGの効果は、成長因子は、最も一般的には、幹細胞にインビトロ軟骨形成を誘導するために使用される比較しました。

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Plasticware&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>100 mm Dish</td><td>TPP</td><td>93100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60 mm Dish</td><td>TPP</td><td>93060</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50 mL Cornical Tube</td><td>SPL</td><td>50050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 mL Cornical Tube</td><td>SPL</td><td>50015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 mL Disposable Pipette</td><td>Falcon</td><td>7551</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5 mL Disposable Pipette</td><td>Falcon</td><td>7543</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;ASC Culture Media Materials&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>DPBS</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>14190-144</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM Low glucose</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>11885-084</td><td>growth base media</td></tr><tr><td>Penicilin Streptomycin</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>P4333</td><td>1%</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>16000-044</td><td>10%</td></tr><tr><td>PBS/1 mM EDTA</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>12604-039</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Chondrogenic Differentiation Media Materials&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>DMEM High glucose</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>11995</td><td>chondrogenic differentiation base media</td></tr><tr><td>MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution (100x)</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>11140-050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dexamethasone</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>D2915</td><td>100 nM</td></tr><tr><td>Penicilin Streptomycin</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>P4333</td><td>1%</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>16000-044</td><td>1%</td></tr><tr><td>Ascorbate-2-phosphate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>A8960</td><td>50 &amp;#956;g/mL</td></tr><tr><td>L-proline</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>P5607</td><td>50 &amp;#956;g/mL</td></tr><tr><td>ITS</td><td>BD</td><td>354352</td><td>1%</td></tr><tr><td>Human TGF&amp;beta;1</td><td>Peprotech</td><td>100-21</td><td>10 ng/mL</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Materials&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>18 mm Cover Glass</td><td>Superior</td><td>HSU-0111580</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4% Paraformaldyhyde</td><td>Tech &amp;amp; Innovation</td><td>BPP-9004</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tween 20</td><td>BIOSESANG</td><td>T1027</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td><td>Vector Lab</td><td>SP-5050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-Collagen II antibody</td><td>abcam&amp;nbsp;</td><td>ab34712</td><td>1:100</td></tr><tr><td>Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 594 conjugate</td><td>Molecular Probe</td><td>A-11037</td><td>1:200</td></tr><tr><td>DAPI</td><td>Molecular Probe</td><td>D1306</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Prolong gold antifade reagent</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>P36934</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Slide Glass, Coated</td><td>Hyun Il Lab-Mate</td><td>HMA-S9914</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trizol</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>15596-018</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chloroform</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>366919</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isoprypylalcohol</td><td>Millipore</td><td>109634</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Duksan</td><td>64-17-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit</td><td>Thermo Scientfic</td><td>K1622</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>i-Taq DNA Polymerase</td><td>iNtRON BIOTECH</td><td>25021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>UltraPure 10x TBE Buffer</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>15581-044</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>loading star</td><td>Dyne Bio</td><td>A750</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agarose</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>9012-36-6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 kb (+) DNA ladder marker</td><td>Enzynomics</td><td>DM003</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)</td><td>Catholic MASTER Cells</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

chondrogenic differentiation induction of adipose-derived stem cells by centrifugal gravity

Impaired cartilage cannot heal naturally. Currently, the most advanced therapy for defects in cartilage is the transplantation of chondrocytes differentiated from stem cells using cytokines. Unfortunately, cytokine-induced chondrogenic differentiation is costly, time-consuming, and associated with a high risk of contamination during in vitro differentiation. However, biomechanical stimuli also serve as crucial regulatory factors for chondrogenesis. For example, mechanical stress can induce chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for the repair of impaired cartilage. In this study, we demonstrated that centrifugal gravity (CG, 2,400 &#215; g), a mechanical stress easily applied by centrifugation, induced the upregulation of sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (SOX9) in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), causing them to express chondrogenic phenotypes. The centrifuged ASCs expressed higher levels of chondrogenic differentiation markers, such as aggrecan (ACAN), collagen type 2 alpha 1 (COL2A1), and collagen type 1 (COL1), but lower levels of collagen type 10 (COL10), a marker of hypertrophic chondrocytes. In addition, chondrogenic aggregate formation, a prerequisite for chondrogenesis, was observed in centrifuged ASCs.

遠心重力は、脂肪由来幹細胞における軟骨形成分化マーカーの過剰発現を誘導します。 軟骨形成分化を誘導するのに適している遠心重力の程度を決定するために、ASCを15分間CG（0、300、600、1,200及び2,400 XG）の異なる程度で刺激しました。刺激後、ASCを培養プレート上に再播種し、24時間培養しました。 図1Aに?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chondrogenic Differentiation Induction of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Centrifugal Gravity at JoVE.com

Chondrogenic Differentiation Induction of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Centrifugal Gravity

Mechanical stress can induce the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, providing a potential therapeutic approach for the repair of impaired cartilage. We present a protocol to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using centrifugal gravity (CG). CG-induced upregulation of SOX9 results in the development of chondrogenic phenotypes.

遠心重力によって脂肪由来幹細胞の軟骨形成分化誘導

Impaired cartilage cannot heal naturally. Currently, the most advanced therapy for defects in cartilage is the transplantation of chondrocytes ...

chondrogenic-differentiation-induction-adipose-derived-stem-cells

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

9.4K ビュー.  The Catholic University of Korea. Mechanical stress can induce the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, providing a potential therapeutic approach for the repair of impaired cartilage. We present a protocol to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using centrifugal gravity (CG). CG-induced upregulation of SOX9 results in the development of chondrogenic phenotypes.

ビデオ: Chondrogenic Differentiation Induction of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Centrifugal Gravity

Isolation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Porcine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues

Obesity is an unconstrained worldwide epidemic. Unraveling molecular controls in adipose tissue development holds promise to treat obesity or diabetes. Although numerous immortalized adipogenic cell lines have been established, adipose-derived stem cells from the stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous white adipose tissues provide a reliable cellular system ex vivo much closer to adipose development in vivo. Pig adipose-derived stem cells (pADSC) are isolated from 7- to 9-day old piglets. The dorsal white fat depot of porcine subcutaneous adipose tissues is sliced, minced and collagenase digested. These pADSC exhibit strong potential to differentiate into adipocytes. Moreover, the pADSC also possess multipotency, assessed by selective stem cell markers, to differentiate into various mesenchymal cell types including adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. These pADSC can be used for clarification of molecular switches in regulating classical adipocyte differentiation or in direction to other mesenchymal cell types of mesodermal origin. Furthermore, extended lineages into cells of ectodermal and endodermal origin have recently been achieved. Therefore, pADSC derived in this protocol provide an abundant and assessable source of adult mesenchymal stem cells with full multipotency for studying adipose development and application to tissue engineering of regenerative medicine.

This protocol describes the isolation of pig adipose-derived stem cells (pADSC) from subcutaneous adipose tissues with examination of multipotency. The multipotent pADSC are used to delineate processes of adipocyte differentiation and study transdifferentiation into multiple cell lineages of mesodermal mesenchyme or further lineages of ectoderm and endoderm for regenerative studies.

ブタ皮下脂肪組織から分離し、脂肪由来幹細胞の分化

Obesity is an unconstrained worldwide epidemic. Unraveling molecular controls in adipose tissue development holds promise to treat obesity or diabetes. ...

発生生物学

Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Umbilical Cord and Fetal Placenta

The human umbilical cord (UC) and placenta are non-invasive, primitive and abundant sources of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that have increasingly gained attention because they do not pose any ethical or moral concerns. Current methods to isolate MSCs from UC yield low amounts of cells with variable proliferation potentials. Since UC is an anatomically-complex organ, differences in MSC properties may be due to the differences in the anatomical regions of their isolation. In this study, we first dissected the cord/placenta samples into three discrete anatomical regions: UC, cord-placenta junction (CPJ), and fetal placenta (FP). Second, two distinct zones, cord lining (CL) and Wharton&#39;s jelly (WJ), were separated. The explant culture technique was then used to isolate cells from the four sources. The time required for the primary culture of cells from the explants varied depending on the source of the tissue. Outgrowth of the cells occurred within 3 - 4 days of the CPJ explants, whereas growth was observed after 7 - 10 days and 11 - 14 days from CL/WJ and FP explants, respectively. The isolated cells were adherent to plastic and displayed fibroblastoid morphology and surface markers, such as CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105, similarly to bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs. However, the colony-forming efficiency of the cells varied, with CPJ-MSCs and WJ-MSCs showing higher efficiency than BM-MSCs. MSCs from all four sources differentiated into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages, indicating that they were multipotent. CPJ-MSCs differentiated more efficiently in comparison to other MSC sources. These results suggest that the CPJ is the most potent anatomical region and yields a higher number of cells, with greater proliferation and self-renewal capacities in vitro. In conclusion, the comparative analysis of the MSCs from the four sources indicated that CPJ is a more promising source of MSCs for cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering.

Here, we present a protocol for the dissection of human umbilical cord (UC) and fetal placenta sample into cord lining (CL), Wharton&#39;s jelly (WJ), cord-placenta junction (CPJ), and fetal placenta (FP) for the isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) using the explant culture technique.

ヒト臍帯及び胎児胎盤由来間葉系間質細胞の単離および特徴付け

The human umbilical cord (UC) and placenta are non-invasive, primitive and abundant sources of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that have increasingly ...

Repair of a Critical-sized Calvarial Defect Model Using Adipose-derived Stromal Cells Harvested from Lipoaspirate

Craniofacial skeletal repair and regeneration offers the promise of de novo tissue formation through a cell-based approach utilizing stem cells. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) have proven to be an abundant source of multipotent stem cells capable of undergoing osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic differentiation. Many studies have explored the osteogenic potential of these cells in vivo with the use of various scaffolding biomaterials for cellular delivery. It has been demonstrated that by utilizing an osteoconductive, hydroxyapatite-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (HA-PLGA) scaffold seeded with ASCs, a critical-sized calvarial defect, a defect that is defined by its inability to undergo spontaneous healing over the lifetime of the animal, can be effectively show robust osseous regeneration. This in vivo model demonstrates the basis of translational approaches aimed to regenerate the bone tissue - the cellular component and biological matrix. This method serves as a model for the ultimate clinical application of a progenitor cell towards the repair of a specific tissue defect.

This protocol describes the isolation of adipose-derived stromal cells from lipoaspirate and the creation of a 4 mm critical-sized calvarial defect to evaluate skeletal regeneration.

吸引脂肪から採取した脂肪由来間質細胞を使用したクリティカル·サイズの頭蓋冠欠損モデルの修復

Craniofacial skeletal repair and regeneration offers the promise of de novo tissue formation through a cell-based approach utilizing stem cells. ...

医学

Differentiating Chondrocytes from Peripheral Blood-derived Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In this study, we used peripheral blood cells (PBCs) as seed cells to produce chondrocytes via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in an integration-free method. Following embryoid body (EB) formation and fibroblastic cell expansion, the iPSCs are induced for chondrogenic differentiation for 21 days under serum-free and xeno-free conditions. After chondrocyte induction, the phenotypes of the cells are evaluated by morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses, as well as by the quantitative real-time PCR examination of chondrogenic differentiation markers. The chondrogenic pellets show positive alcian blue and toluidine blue staining. The immunohistochemistry of collagen II and X staining is also positive. The sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content and the chondrogenic differentiation markers COLLAGEN 2 (COL2), COLLAGEN 10 (COL10), SOX9, and AGGRECAN are significantly upregulated in chondrogenic pellets compared to hiPSCs and fibroblastic cells. These results suggest that PBCs can be used as seed cells to generate iPSCs for cartilage repair, which is patient-specific and cost-effective.

We present a protocol to generate a chondrogenic lineage from human peripheral blood (PB) via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using an integration-free method, which includes embryoid body (EB) formation, fibroblastic cells expansion, and chondrogenic induction.

末梢血由来ヒト誘導多能性幹細胞からの軟骨細胞の分化

In this study, we used peripheral blood cells (PBCs) as seed cells to produce chondrocytes via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in an ...

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human articular cartilage lacks the ability to repair itself. Cartilage degeneration is thus treated not by curative but by conservative treatments. Currently, efforts are being made to regenerate damaged cartilage with ex vivo expanded chondrocytes or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the restricted viability and instability of these cells limit their application in cartilage reconstruction. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have received scientific attention as a new alternative for regenerative applications. With unlimited self-renewal ability and multipotency, hiPSCs have been highlighted as a new replacement cell source for cartilage repair. However, obtaining a high quantity of high-quality chondrogenic pellets is a major challenge to their clinical application. In this study, we used embryoid body (EB)-derived outgrowth cells for chondrogenic differentiation. Successful chondrogenesis was confirmed by PCR and staining with alcian blue, toluidine blue, and antibodies against collagen types I and II (COL1A1 and COL2A1, respectively). We provide a detailed method for the differentiation of cord blood mononuclear cell-derived iPSCs (CBMC-hiPSCs) into chondrogenic pellets.

Here, we propose a protocol for chondrogenic differentiation from cord blood mononuclear cell-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells.

臍帯血由来誘導多能性幹細胞からの軟骨形成ペレット形成

Human articular cartilage lacks the ability to repair itself. Cartilage degeneration is thus treated not by curative but by conservative treatments. ...

Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of Neural Crest Original Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Periaortic Adipose Tissue

An excessive amount of adipose tissue surrounding the blood vessels (perivascular adipose tissue, also known as PVAT) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. ADSCs derived from different adipose tissues show distinct features, and those from the PVAT have not been well characterized. In a recent study, we reported that some ADSCs in the periaortic arch adipose tissue (PAAT) descend from the neural crest cells (NCCs), a transient population of migratory cells originating from the ectoderm.
In this paper, we describe a protocol for isolating red fluorescent protein (RFP)-labeled NCCs from the PAAT of Wnt-1 Cre+/-;Rosa26RFP/+ mice and inducing their adipogenic differentiation in vitro. Briefly, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is enzymatically dissociated from the PAAT, and the RFP+ neural crest derived ADSCs (NCADSCs) are isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The NCADSCs differentiate into both brown and white adipocytes, can be cryopreserved, and retain their adipogenic potential for ~3&#8211;5 passages. Our protocol can generate abundant ADSCs from the PVAT for modeling PVAT adipogenesis or lipogenesis in vitro. Thus, these NCADSCs can provide a valuable system for studying the molecular switches involved in PVAT differentiation.

We present a protocol for the isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of neural crest derived adipose-derived stem cells (NCADSCs) from the periaortic adipose tissue of Wnt-1 Cre+/-;Rosa26RFP/+ mice. The NCADSCs can be an easily accessible source of ADSCs for modeling adipogenesis or lipogenesis in vitro.

神経紋の分離、培養、脂肪形成誘導、周食脂肪組織由来の脂肪由来幹細胞

An excessive amount of adipose tissue surrounding the blood vessels (perivascular adipose tissue, also known as PVAT) is associated with a high risk of ...

Dendrimer-based Uneven Nanopatterns to Locally Control Surface Adhesiveness: A Method to Direct Chondrogenic Differentiation

Cellular adhesion and differentiation is conditioned by the nanoscale disposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, with local concentrations having a major effect. Here we present a method to obtain large-scale uneven nanopatterns of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-functionalized dendrimers that permit the nanoscale control of local RGD surface density. Nanopatterns are formed by surface adsorption of dendrimers from solutions at different initial concentrations and are characterized by water contact angle (CA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning probe microscopy techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The local surface density of RGD is measured using AFM images by means of probability contour maps of minimum interparticle distances and then correlated with cell adhesion response and differentiation. The nanopatterning method presented here is a simple procedure that can be scaled up in a straightforward manner to large surface areas. It is thus fully compatible with cell culture protocols and can be applied to other ligands that exert concentration-dependent effects on cells.

A method to obtain dendrimer-based uneven nanopatterns that permit the nanoscale control of local arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) surface density is described and applied for the study of cell adhesion and chondrogenic differentiation.

ローカル制御表面密着性にデンドリマーを用いた不均一な Nanopatterns: 軟骨細胞分化を指示する方法

Cellular adhesion and differentiation is conditioned by the nanoscale disposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, with local concentrations ...

生物工学

Generating Spheroids from Various Chondrocytes using Low-Adhesive Conditions under Gravity and Homemade Mini-Bioreactors

Cartilage repair in chronic joint diseases demands advanced cell-based therapies to regenerate damaged tissues effectively. This protocol provides a step-by-step method for differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into chondrocyte-based spheroids, supporting tissue engineering and cell therapy applications. The differentiation process is carefully structured to promote chondrogenic lineage commitment, beginning with iPSCs cultured in specific media that sequentially guide cells through critical stages of differentiation. Initially, iPSCs are expanded to reach optimal confluency before induction toward chondrogenic lineage using a series of defined media changes. By day 10, cells are transitioned to a chondrogenesis-promoting medium that enhances the formation of chondrocyte-like cells expressing key markers of mature chondrocytes. Further aggregation in 96-well agarose-coated plates leads to the formation of three-dimensional spheroids, which are then cultured in custom mini-bioreactors designed to simulate a microenvironment that encourages extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. By enabling scalable production of chondrocyte spheroids that mimic native cartilage characteristics, this approach offers a promising, reproducible solution for developing cell-based treatments for cartilage defects, providing broad utility for clinical and research applications in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine.

This study describes a method for producing chondrocytic spheroids by aggregating cells into spheroids under low-adhesion conditions using gravity, followed by culturing the resulting spheroids in mini-bioreactors.

重力下での低接着条件と自家製ミニバイオリアクターを用いた種々の軟骨細胞からのスフェロイド作製

Cartilage repair in chronic joint diseases demands advanced cell-based therapies to regenerate damaged tissues effectively. This protocol provides a ...

Differentiation Capacity of Human Aortic Perivascular Adipose Progenitor Cells

Adipose tissue is a rich source of multi-potent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) capable of differentiating into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Adipogenic differentiation of progenitor cells is a major mechanism driving adipose tissue expansion and dysfunction in response to obesity. Understanding changes to perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is thus clinically relevant in metabolic disease. However, previous studies have been predominately performed in the mouse and other animal models. This protocol uses human thoracic PVAT samples collected from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Adipose tissue from the ascending aorta was collected and used for explantation of the stromal vascular fraction. We previously confirmed the presence of adipose progenitor cells in human PVAT with the capacity to differentiate into lipid-containing adipocytes. In this study, we further analyzed the differentiation potential of cells from the stromal vascular fraction, presumably containing multi-potent progenitor cells. We compared PVAT-derived cells to human bone marrow MSC for differentiation into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Following 14 days of differentiation, specific stains were utilized to detect lipid accumulation in adipocytes (Oil red O), calcific deposits in osteogenic cells (Alizarin Red), or glycosaminoglycans and collagen in chondrogenic cells (Masson&#8217;s Trichrome). While bone marrow MSC efficiently differentiated into all three lineages, PVAT-derived cells had adipogenic and chondrogenic potential, but lacked robust osteogenic potential.

The goal of this protocol is to test the ability of progenitor cells derived from human perivascular adipose tissue to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Differentiation was compared to mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow, which is known to differentiate into adipocyte, osteocyte, and chondrocyte lineages.

ヒト大動脈血管周囲脂肪前駆細胞の分化能力

Adipose tissue is a rich source of multi-potent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) capable of differentiating into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic ...

生物学

脂肪組織由来幹細胞の単離と特性評価

Isolation and Identification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue of Sprague Dawley Rats

Adult mesenchymal cells have revolutionized molecular and cell biology in recent decades. They can differentiate into different specialized cell types, in addition to their great capacity for self-renewal, migration, and proliferation. Adipose tissue is one of the least invasive and most accessible sources of mesenchymal cells. It has also been reported to have higher yields compared to other sources, as well as superior immunomodulatory properties. Recently, different procedures for obtaining adult mesenchymal cells from different tissue sources and animal species have been published. After evaluating the criteria of some authors, we standardized a methodology that is applicable to different purposes and easily reproducible. A pool of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue allowed us to develop primary cultures with optimal morphology and functionality. The cells were observed adhered to the plastic surface for 24 h, and exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology, with prolongations and a tendency to form colonies. Flow cytometry (FC) and immunofluorescence (IF) techniques were used to assess the expression of the membrane markers CD105, CD9, CD63, CD31, and CD34. The ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage was also assessed using a cocktail of factors (4 &#181;M insulin, 0.5 mM 3-methyl-iso-butyl-xanthine, and 1 &#181;M dexamethasone). After 48 h, a gradual loss of fibroblastoid morphology was observed, and at 12 days, the presence of lipid droplets positive to oil red staining was confirmed. In summary, a procedure is proposed to obtain optimal and functional ASC cultures for application in regenerative medicine.

著者スポットライト:Sprague Dawleyラットの脂肪組織に由来する間葉系幹細胞の単離と同定  

This protocol describes a methodology for isolating and identifying adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from Sprague Dawley rats.

スプレイグドーリーラットの脂肪組織由来間葉系幹細胞の単離と同定

Adult mesenchymal cells have revolutionized molecular and cell biology in recent decades. They can differentiate into different specialized cell types, in ...