The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, for their financial support of this research under Contract Nos. MOST-102-2923-E-492- 001-MY3 (W. J. Lee) and NSC-102- 2112-M-005-003-MY3 (M. S. Ho). Support from the High-performance Computing of Taiwan in providing huge computing resources to facilitate this research is also gratefully acknowledged.

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著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

<html>本研究では、新規のアニール処理を経て、Si基板上にC 84の自己組織化単分子膜（ 図1）の製造を実証します。このプロセスはまた、ナノ粒子に埋め込まれた半導体基板の他の種類を調製することができます。 C 84は、Si基板をUHV-STM（ 図2）、電界発光分光計、フォトルミネッセンス分光、MFMとSQUID（ 図3）を使用して、原子...

フラーレン分子及びそれらが含む複合材料は、その優れた構造特性、電気伝導性、機械的強度、および化学的性質1-4によるナノ材料の中で独特です。これらの材料は、電子機器、コンピュータ、燃料電池技術、太陽電池、電界放出技術5,6のような分野の範囲内の非常に有益であることが証明されています。 これらの中でも、炭化シリコン（SiC）、ナノ粒子複合体は、その広いバンドギャップ、高い熱伝導性及び安定性、高い絶縁破壊能力、及び化学的不活性に特に注意のおかげを受けています。これらの利点は、光電子デバイス、金属酸化膜半導体電界効果トランジスタ（MOSFET）、発光ダイオード（LED）、高電力、高周波、及び高温の用途において特に明らかです。しかしながら、高密度の欠陥は、一般的にconventiの表面上に観察さonal炭化ケイ素も装置故障7,8につながる、電子構造に有害な影響を有し得ます。 SiCのアプリケーションは1960年以来研究されてきたという事実にもかかわらず、この特定の未解決の問題が残ります。 本研究の目的は、C 84の製造は、得られる材料の電子、光電子、機械、磁気、電界放出特性の総合的な理解を得るために、Si基板のヘテロ接合とその後の分析を-embeddedました。我々はまた、分子動力学計算の新規のアプリケーションを介して、ナノ材料の特性を予測する数値シミュレーションを使用しての問題を取り上げました。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Silicon wafer</td><td></td><td></td><td>Si(111). Type/Dopant: P/Boron; Resistivity: 0.05-0.1 Ohm&amp;#183;cm</td></tr><tr><td>Carbon, C&lt;sub&gt;84&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Legend Star</td><td></td><td>C&lt;sub&gt;84&lt;/sub&gt; powder, 98%</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>84422</td><td>RCA, 37%</td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium</td><td>Choneye Pure Chemical</td><td></td><td>RCA, 25%</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen peroxide</td><td>Choneye Pure Chemical</td><td></td><td>RCA, 35%</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrogen</td><td>Ni Ni Air</td><td></td><td>high-pressure bottle, 95%</td></tr><tr><td>Tungsten</td><td>Nilaco</td><td>461327</td><td>wire, diameter 0.3 mm, tip</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide</td><td>UCW</td><td>85765</td><td>etching Tungsten wire for tip</td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Marcon Fine Chemicals</td><td>99920</td><td>suitable for liquid chromatography and UV-spectrophotometry</td></tr><tr><td>Methanol</td><td>Marcon Fine Chemicals</td><td>64837</td><td>suitable for liquid chromatography and UV-spectrophotometry</td></tr><tr><td>UHV-SPM</td><td>JEOL Ltd</td><td>JSPM-4500A</td><td>Ultrahigh Vacuum Scanning Tunneling Microscope and Ultrahigh Vacuum Atomic Force Microscope</td></tr><tr><td>Power supply</td><td>Keithley</td><td>237</td><td>High-Voltage Source-Measure Unit</td></tr><tr><td>SQUID</td><td>Quantum desigh</td><td>MPMS-7</td><td>Magnetic field strength: &amp;plusmn;7.0 Tesla, Temperature range: 2&amp;#8211;400 K, Magnetic-dipole range: 5&amp;nbsp;&amp;times;&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;-7&lt;/sup&gt; &amp;#8211; 300 emu</td></tr><tr><td>ALPS</td><td>National Center for High-performance Computing, Taiwan</td><td></td><td>Advanced Large-scale Parallel Supercluster, 177Tflops; 25,600 CPU cores; 73,728 GB RAM; 1,074 TB storage</td></tr></tbody></table>

probing c84-embedded si substrate using scanning probe microscopy and molecular dynamics

本稿では報告アレイ設計C 84は、Si基板を超高真空チャンバ内で制御自己組織化法を用いて作製-embedded。 C 84の特性は、状態の局所電子密度、バンドギャップエネルギー、電界放出特性、ナノ剛性、表面磁性が超下表面分析、様々な技術を用いて調べた、そのような原子分解能地形として、Si表面を-embedded高真空（UHV）条件だけでなく、大気のシステム。実験結果は、C 84の高い均一性は、Si表面が制御自己組織化ナノ機構を使用して製造-embeddedフィールドエミッションディスプレイ（FED）、光電子デバイスの製造、切削工具MEMSの応用において、努力において重要な発展を示し実証しますカーバイド半導体のための適切な代替品を見つけることができます。半経験的ポテンシャルと分子動力学（MD）メソッドは、bはできC 84のナノインデンテーションを研究するために使用した電子は、Si基板を-embedded。 MDシミュレーションを実行するための詳細な説明はここに提示されています。このような押し込み力、ヤング率、表面剛性、原子ストレス、および原子株とMDシミュレーションの機械的分析に関する総合的研究のための詳細が含まれています。インデントモデルの原子ストレスおよびフォン・ミーゼスひずみ分布は、原子レベルでの時間評価の変形メカニズムを監視するために計算することができます。

。乱れたSi（111）表面上のC 84分子の単分子層は、 図1のUHVチャンバ内に制御自己組織化プロセスを用いて製造カバレージの種々の程度でUHV-STMによって測定トポグラフィ画像の系列を示した：（A） 0.01 ML、（B）0.2 ML（C）0.7 ML、および（d）0.9 ML。 C 84埋め込まれたSi基板の電子的及び光学的特性はまた、STM及びPL（ 図2）のような表面分析技術の様々な?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics at JoVE.com

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

This paper reports the nanomaterial fabrication of a fullerene Si substrate inspected and verified by nanomeasurements and molecular dynamic simulation.

Cプロービング<sub&gt; 84</sub&gt;走査型プローブ顕微鏡および分子動力学を用いたSi基板を-embedded

This paper reports an array-designed C84-embedded Si substrate fabricated using a controlled self-assembly method in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The ...

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Engineering

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

11.7K ビュー.  National Chung Hsing University. This paper reports the nanomaterial fabrication of a fullerene Si substrate inspected and verified by nanomeasurements and molecular dynamic simulation.

ビデオ: Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Scanning-probe Single-electron Capacitance Spectroscopy

The integration of low-temperature scanning-probe techniques and single-electron capacitance spectroscopy represents a powerful tool to study the electronic quantum structure of small systems - including individual atomic dopants in semiconductors. Here we present a capacitance-based method, known as Subsurface Charge Accumulation (SCA) imaging, which is capable of resolving single-electron charging while achieving sufficient spatial resolution to image individual atomic dopants. The use of a capacitance technique enables observation of subsurface features, such as dopants buried many nanometers beneath the surface of a semiconductor material1,2,3. In principle, this technique can be applied to any system to resolve electron motion below an insulating surface.
As in other electric-field-sensitive scanned-probe techniques4, the lateral spatial resolution of the measurement depends in part on the radius of curvature of the probe tip. Using tips with a small radius of curvature can enable spatial resolution of a few tens of nanometers. This fine spatial resolution allows investigations of small numbers (down to one) of subsurface dopants1,2. The charge resolution depends greatly on the sensitivity of the charge detection circuitry; using high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) in such circuits at cryogenic temperatures enables a sensitivity of approximately 0.01 electrons/Hz&frac12; at 0.3 K 5.

Scanning-probe single-electron capacitance spectroscopy facilitates the study of single-electron motion in localized subsurface regions. A sensitive charge-detection circuit is incorporated into a cryogenic scanning probe microscope to investigate small systems of dopant atoms beneath the surface of semiconductor samples.

走査プローブ単電子容量分光

The integration of low-temperature scanning-probe techniques and single-electron capacitance spectroscopy represents a powerful tool to study the ...

工学

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Atomic force spectroscopy is an ideal tool to study molecules at surfaces and interfaces. An experimental protocol to couple a large variety of single molecules covalently onto an AFM tip is presented. At the same time the AFM tip is passivated to prevent unspecific interactions between the tip and the substrate, which is a prerequisite to study single molecules attached to the AFM tip. Analyses to determine the adhesion force, the adhesion length, and the free energy of these molecules on solid surfaces and bio-interfaces are shortly presented and external references for further reading are provided. Example molecules are the poly(amino acid) polytyrosine, the graft polymer PI-g-PS and the phospholipid POPE (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine). These molecules are desorbed from different surfaces like CH3-SAMs, hydrogen terminated diamond and supported lipid bilayers under various solvent conditions. Finally, the advantages of force spectroscopic single molecule experiments are discussed including means to decide if truly a single molecule has been studied in the experiment.

A protocol to couple a large variety of single molecules covalently onto an AFM tip is presented. Procedures and examples to determine the adhesion force and free energy of these molecules on solid supports and bio-interfaces are provided.

原子間力分光法による単一分子の接着性を調査

Atomic force spectroscopy is an ideal tool to study molecules at surfaces and interfaces. An experimental protocol to couple a large variety of single ...

Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface

Considering organic molecules as the functional building blocks of future nanoscale technology, the question of how to arrange and assemble such building blocks in a bottom-up approach is still open. The scanning probe microscope (SPM) could be a tool of choice; however, SPM-based manipulation was until recently limited to two dimensions (2D). Binding the SPM tip to a molecule at a well-defined position opens an opportunity of controlled manipulation in 3D space. Unfortunately, 3D manipulation is largely incompatible with the typical 2D-paradigm of viewing and generating SPM data on a computer. For intuitive and efficient manipulation we therefore couple a low-temperature non-contact atomic force/scanning tunneling microscope (LT NC-AFM/STM) to a motion capture system and fully immersive virtual reality goggles. This setup permits &#34;hand controlled manipulation&#34; (HCM), in which the SPM tip is moved according to the motion of the experimenter&#39;s hand, while the tip trajectories as well as the response of the SPM junction are visualized in 3D. HCM paves the way to the development of complex manipulation protocols, potentially leading to a better fundamental understanding of nanoscale interactions acting between molecules on surfaces. Here we describe the setup and the steps needed to achieve successful hand-controlled molecular manipulation within the virtual reality environment.

We demonstrate the precise manipulation of individual organic molecules on a metal surface with the tip of a scanning probe microscope driven in 3D by the experimenter's hand using a motion capture system and fully immersive virtual reality goggles.

3Dバーチャルリアリティのインターフェイスを持つ走査型プローブ顕微鏡を介した単一分子のハンド制御された操作

Considering organic molecules as the functional building blocks of future nanoscale technology, the question of how to arrange and assemble such building ...

Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

Chromatin, which is a long chain of nucleosome subunits, is a dynamic system that allows for such critical processes as DNA replication and transcription to take place in eukaryotic cells. The dynamics of nucleosomes provides access to the DNA by replication and transcription machineries, and critically contributes to the molecular mechanisms underlying chromatin functions. Single-molecule studies such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging have contributed significantly to our current understanding of the role of nucleosome structure and dynamics. The current protocol describes the steps enabling high-resolution AFM imaging techniques to study the structural and dynamic properties of nucleosomes. The protocol is illustrated by AFM data obtained for the centromere nucleosomes in which H3 histone is replaced with its counterpart centromere protein A (CENP-A). The protocol starts with the assembly of mono-nucleosomes using a continuous dilution method. The preparation of the mica substrate functionalized with aminopropyl silatrane (APS-mica) that is used for the nucleosome imaging is critical for the AFM visualization of nucleosomes described and the procedure to prepare the substrate is provided. Nucleosomes deposited on the APS-mica surface are first imaged using static AFM, which captures a snapshot of the nucleosome population. From analyses of these images, such parameters as the size of DNA wrapped around the nucleosomes can be measured and this process is also detailed. The time-lapse AFM imaging procedure in the liquid is described for the high-speed time-lapse AFM that can capture several frames of nucleosome dynamics per second. Finally, the analysis of nucleosome dynamics enabling the quantitative characterization of the dynamic processes is described and illustrated.

Here, we present a protocol to characterize nucleosome particles at the single-molecule level using static and time-lapse atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging techniques. The surface functionalization method described allows for the capture of the structure and dynamics of nucleosomes in high-resolution at the nanoscale.

構造と原子間力顕微鏡イメージングによるヌクレオソームのダイナミクスを調べる

Chromatin, which is a long chain of nucleosome subunits, is a dynamic system that allows for such critical processes as DNA replication and transcription ...

生化学

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

Electrically assisted deformation (EAD) is increasingly being used to improve the formability of metals during processes such as sheet metal rolling and forging. Adoption of this technique is proceeding despite disagreement concerning the underlying mechanism responsible for EAD. The experimental procedure described herein enables a more explicit study compared to previous EAD research by removing thermal effects, which are responsible for disagreement in interpreting previous EAD results. Furthermore, as the procedure described here enables EAD observation in situ and in real time in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), it is superior to existing post-mortem methods that observe EAD effects post-test. Test samples consist of a single crystal copper (SCC) foil having a free-standing tensile test section of nanoscale thickness, fabricated using a combination of laser and ion beam milling. The SCC is mounted to an etched silicon base that provides mechanical support and electrical isolation while serving as a heat sink. Using this geometry, even at high current density (~3,500 A/mm2), the test section experiences a negligible temperature increase (&#60;0.02 &#176;C), thus eliminating Joule heating effects. Monitoring material deformation and identifying the corresponding changes to microstructures, e.g. dislocations, are accomplished by acquiring and analyzing a series of TEM images. Our sample preparation and in situ experiment procedures are robust and versatile as they can be readily utilized to test materials with different microstructures, e.g., single and polycrystalline copper.

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

Isolating electrical and thermal effects on electrically assisted deformation (EAD) is very difficult using macroscopic samples. Metallic sample micro- and nanostructures together with a custom test procedure have been developed to evaluate the impact of applied current on the formation without joule heating and evolution of dislocations on these samples.

のための新しい方法<em&gt;現場で</em&gt;ナノスケール試料の電気機械的特性

Electrically assisted deformation (EAD) is increasingly being used to improve the formability of metals during processes such as sheet metal rolling and ...

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

The miniaturization of semiconductor devices to scales where small numbers of dopants can control device properties requires the development of new techniques capable of characterizing their dynamics. Investigating single dopants requires sub-nanometer spatial resolution, which motivates the use of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). However, conventional STM is limited to millisecond temporal resolution. Several methods have been developed to overcome this shortcoming, including all-electronic time-resolved STM, which is used in this study to examine dopant dynamics in silicon with nanosecond resolution. The methods presented here are widely accessible and allow for local measurement of a wide variety of dynamics at the atomic scale. A novel time-resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy technique is presented and used to efficiently search for dynamics.

We demonstrate an all-electronic method to observe nanosecond-resolved charge dynamics of dopant atoms in silicon with a scanning tunneling microscope.

すべて電子ナノ秒分解走査型トンネル顕微鏡: 単一ドーパントの電荷ダイナミクスの調査を促進します。

The miniaturization of semiconductor devices to scales where small numbers of dopants can control device properties requires the development of new ...

Characterizing Individual Protein Aggregates by Infrared Nanospectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

The phenomenon of protein misfolding and aggregation results in the formation of highly heterogeneous protein aggregates, which are associated with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer&#8217;s and Parkinson&#8217;s diseases. In particular low molecular weight aggregates, amyloid oligomers, have been shown to possess generic cytotoxic properties and are implicated as neurotoxins in many forms of dementia. We illustrate the use of methods based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) to address the challenging task of characterizing the morphological, structural and chemical properties of these aggregates, which are difficult to study using conventional structural methods or bulk biophysical methods because of their heterogeneity and transient nature. Scanning probe microscopy approaches are now capable of investigating the morphology of amyloid aggregates with sub-nanometer resolution. We show here that infrared (IR) nanospectroscopy (AFM-IR), which simultaneously exploits the high resolution of AFM and the chemical recognition power of IR spectroscopy, can go further and enable the characterization of the structural properties of individual protein aggregates, and thus offer insights into the aggregation mechanisms. Since the approach that we describe can be applied also to the investigations of the interactions of protein assemblies with small molecules and antibodies, it can deliver fundamental information to develop new therapeutic compounds to diagnose or treat neurodegenerative disorders.

We describe the application of infrared nanospectroscopy and high-resolution atomic force microscopy to visualize the process of protein self-assembly into oligomeric aggregates and amyloid fibrils, which is closely associated with the onset and development of a wide range of human neurodegenerative disorders.

赤外線ナノ分光法と原子間力顕微鏡による個々のタンパク質凝集物の特徴付け

The phenomenon of protein misfolding and aggregation results in the formation of highly heterogeneous protein aggregates, which are associated with ...

Probing Surface Electrochemical Activity of Nanomaterials using a Hybrid Atomic Force Microscope-Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (AFM-SECM)

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used to measure the local electrochemical behavior of liquid/solid, liquid/gas and liquid/liquid interfaces. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile tool to characterize micro- and nanostructure in terms of topography and mechanical properties. However, conventional SECM or AFM provides limited laterally resolved information on electrical or electrochemical properties at nanoscale. For instance, the activity of a nanomaterial surface at crystal facet levels is difficult to resolve by conventional electrochemistry methods. This paper reports the application of a combination of AFM and SECM, namely, AFM-SECM, to probe nanoscale surface electrochemical activity while acquiring high-resolution topographical data. Such measurements are critical to understanding the relationship between nanostructure and reaction activity, which is relevant to a wide range of applications in material science, life science and chemical processes. The versatility of the combined AFM-SECM is demonstrated by mapping topographical and electrochemical properties of faceted nanoparticles (NPs) and nanobubbles (NBs), respectively. Compared to previously reported SECM imaging of nanostructures, this AFM-SECM enables quantitative assessment of local surface activity or reactivity with higher resolution of surface mapping.

Probing Surface Electrochemical Activity of Nanomaterials using a Hybrid Atomic Force Microscope-Scanning Electrochemical Microscope AFM-SECM

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), namely, AFM-SECM, can be used to simultaneously acquire high-resolution topographical and electrochemical information on material surfaces at nanoscale. Such information is critical to understanding heterogeneous properties (e.g., reactivity, defects, and reaction sites) on local surfaces of nanomaterials, electrodes and biomaterials.

ハイブリッド原子間力顕微鏡走査型電気化学顕微鏡(AFM-SECM)を用いたナノ材料の表面電気化学的活性の調査

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used to measure the local electrochemical behavior of liquid/solid, liquid/gas and liquid/liquid interfaces. ...

化学

Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry

On-surface synthesis has recently been regarded as a promising approach for the generation of new molecular structures. It has been particularly successful in the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons, nanographenes and intrinsically reactive and instable, yet attractive species. It is based on the combination of solution chemistry aimed at preparation of appropriate molecular precursors for further ultra-high vacuum surface assisted transformations. This approach also owes its success to an incredible development of characterization techniques, such as scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy and related methods, which allow detailed, local characterization at atomic scale. While the surface-assisted synthesis can provide molecular nanostructures with outstanding precision, down to single atoms, it suffers from basing on metallic surfaces and often limited yield. Therefore, the extension of the approach away from metals and the struggle to increase productivity seem to be significant challenges toward wider applications. Herein, we demonstrate the on-surface synthesis approach for generation of non-planar nanographenes, which are synthesized through a combination of solution chemistry and sequential surface-assisted processes, together with the detailed characterization by scanning probe microscopy methods.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>溶液と表面化学の組み合わせにより合成された多孔質ナノグラフェンの顕微鏡的可視化

A combination of solution and surface assisted synthesis opens new directions in the atomically precise synthesis of nanostructures. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) supplemented by non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) enables detailed characterization of newly designed and generated carbon-based nano-objects.

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