Core - Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Chapter 8

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics

8.1 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

8.1 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Nonlinear pharmacokinetics, or dose-dependent kinetics, manifests when certain drugs deviate from linear behavior at higher doses, not to follow ...

8.2 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

8.2 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

Various factors contribute to nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics. Nonlinearity in drug absorption may result from rate-limited solubility, ...

8.3 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Michaelis-Menten Equation

8.3 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Michaelis-Menten Equation

The Michaelis-Menten equation describes capacity-limited kinetics in drug metabolism. It determines the rate of decline of drug concentration over time, ...

8.4 : Determination of Michaelis Constant and Maximum Elimination Rate

8.4 : Determination of Michaelis Constant and Maximum Elimination Rate

The Michaelis-Menten equation parameters–Michaelis constant, KM, and the maximum process rate, Vmax – are estimated post-drug administration. ...

8.5 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection

8.5 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection

In capacity-limited pharmacokinetics, drug elimination is influenced by Vmax and KM. Following an IV bolus, Dt, the amount of drug in the body at any ...

8.6 : Drug Distribution as One-Compartment Model and Elimination by Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

8.6 : Drug Distribution as One-Compartment Model and Elimination by Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Drug administration through various routes results in mixed drug elimination, involving both nonlinear and linear processes. The metabolism of drugs ...

8.7 : Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

8.7 : Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

Drugs administered through different administration routes follow nonlinear elimination. Consider a drug administered through a constant IV infusion, ...

8.8 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

8.8 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

Drug elimination half-life and clearance vary with dosage or concentration in nonlinear kinetics. The elimination half-life is influenced by the ...

8.9 : Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

8.9 : Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms influence cyclic changes in plasma drug concentrations through regular fluctuations in physiological functions. Standard circadian ...

8.10 : Chronopharmacokinetics: Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics

8.10 : Chronopharmacokinetics: Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics

Chronopharmacokinetics studies the temporal change in drug absorption and elimination, whether cyclical or noncyclical. Cyclic changes occur over constant ...

8.11 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Bioavailability and Protein-Drug Binding

8.11 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Bioavailability and Protein-Drug Binding

For drugs that follow nonlinear pharmacokinetics, the absorption, distribution, and elimination processes may potentially saturate. A saturable pathway ...

8.12 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Role of Transporters

8.12 : Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Role of Transporters

Drug kinetics, under nonlinear changes influenced by transporter proteins, are pivotal in drug distribution. These cellular transporters in cells modulate ...

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