5.14 : Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.

Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in others.

Discrimination involves responding appropriately to stimuli based on whether the behavior will be reinforced. For example, a student may put in more effort in classes where teachers provide encouragement and praise but not in classes where such reinforcement is absent. Discrimination helps individuals discern which situations are likely to result in reinforcement.

Extinction happens when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced, leading to a decrease in that behavior. For example, if a child no longer receives praise for good grades, they might stop studying as hard. Extinction highlights the importance of consistent reinforcement to sustain learned behaviors.

Together, these principles illustrate the dynamics of behavior modification and the role of reinforcement in operant conditioning.