Core - Biology

Chapter 13

DNA Structure and Function

13.1 : The DNA Helix

13.1 : The DNA Helix

Overview Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most ...

13.2 : DNA Packaging

13.2 : DNA Packaging

Overview Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. In order to fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotes must pack their DNA tightly inside ...

13.3 : Organization of Genes

13.3 : Organization of Genes

Overview The genomes of eukaryotes can be structured in several functional categories. A strand of DNA is comprised of genes and intergenic regions. ...

13.4 : Karyotyping

13.4 : Karyotyping

Overview Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is ...

13.5 : Replication in Prokaryotes

13.5 : Replication in Prokaryotes

Overview DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to ...

13.6 : Replication in Eukaryotes

13.6 : Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high ...

13.7 : Proofreading

13.7 : Proofreading

Overview Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA ...

13.8 : Mismatch Repair

13.8 : Mismatch Repair

Overview Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires ...

13.9 : Nucleotide Excision Repair

13.9 : Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview Exposure to mutagens can damage DNA and result in bulky lesions that distort the double-helix structure or impede proper transcription. Damaged ...

13.10 : Mutations

13.10 : Mutations

Overview Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. ...

13.11 : Transcription

13.11 : Transcription

Overview Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene ...

13.12 : Translation

13.12 : Translation

Lesson: Translation Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following ...

13.13 : Bacterial Transformation

13.13 : Bacterial Transformation

In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two ...

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. Todos os direitos reservados