저자는 박사 리 카이 핀, 머리 & 수석 컨설턴트, 어린이 비상, KK 여자와 아동 병원, 100 부 킷 Timah도로, 싱가포르 비디오 문서 생산 관리 지원에 대 한 감사합니다. 문서는 "휴대용 금속 탐지기에 대 한 금속 외국 몸 섭취에 소아 응급";에서 허가로 재현 8 월 2018: 85 (8): 618-624; Hazwani Binte Hamzah, 철 야 제임스, Suraj Manickam, Sashikumar Ganapathy: 인도 저널 소아과 저작권.

프로토콜 인간의 기관 연구 윤리 위원회의 지침을 따릅니다. 중앙 기관 검토 위원회는 연구 윤리 승인 제공.
1입니다. 참가자 심사
<ol><li>이물질 섭취의 역사와 함께 소아 응급 부서에 선물 하는 환자를 모집 합니다.</li>
	<li>호흡 곤란에는 속도 제조 업체와 같은 장치를 이식 했다 환자를 제외 합니다.</li>
</ol>2. 환자 준비
<ol><li>환자는 병원 가운에서 드레스.</li>
	<li>옷, 안경, 귀걸이, 펜 던 트, 및 HHMD 심사 간섭을 유발 하지 않도록 심사 전에 장식 금속 개체를 포함할 수 있는 모든 항목을 제거 합니다.</li>
	<li>다른 잠재적인 금속 방해에서 공간의 중심에 환자를 배치 합니다.</li>
</ol>3. 심사 관 및 보호자 준비
<ol><li>보석, 시계 등 모든 금속 액세서리를 제거 합니다.</li>
	<li>보석, 시계 등 모든 금속 액세서리를 제거 하는 간병인을 요청 합니다.</li>
</ol>4. 금속 탐지기 검사
<ol><li>HHMD (그림 1)를 사용 하 여 심사를 실시 하.</li>
	<li>금속 조각에 쳐서 긍정적인 시청각 신호를 도출 하 여는 HHMD의 작동 상태를 확인 합니다.</li>
	<li>HHMD 더 큰 아이 들을 위한 서 있는 위치에서 검색을 수행 합니다.</li>
	<li>HHMD 교사 잡아 환자를 적절 하 게 함으로써 유아를 위한 직 립 위치에 검색을 수행 합니다.</li>
	<li>그리고 본문에서 환자의 손을 잡으십시오.</li>
	<li>위치는 환자의 머리 목 노출에 대 한 확장입니다.</li>
	<li>고관절 골반을 목에서 해 부 영역을 커버 하의 수준에는 턱의 수준에서 스캔.</li>
	<li>지그재그 방식으로 모든 지역 검색 되도록 몸 전체 스캔을 수행 합니다.</li>
	<li>스캔 모두 anteriorly과 뒤로 환자의 두께 고려 사항으로 촬영 해야 합니다.</li>
	<li>신중 하 게 MFBs의 존재에 대 한 검색 하는 동안 긍정적인 시청각 신호 note.</li>
</ol>5. 수행 관련 방사선 사진
<ol><li>MFBs의 HHMD 검사에 의해 감지 영역에 의하여 목, 가슴, 또는 복 부의 관련 방사선 사진 주문.</li>
	<li>이물질 섭취는 높은 MFB HHMD 심사 및 의혹의 임상 색인 하는 동안 검색 되지 않습니다 경우 모든 x 선 조회 (목, 가슴, 복 부) 진행.</li>
</ol>6. 테스트 결과 기록
<ol><li>기록 일지 (그림 2) 특히 테스트 결과 워크플로 (그림 1)에 따라.</li>
	<li>Palpating는 다음과 같은 저명한 앙상한 랜드마크-sternal 노치, xiphisternum, 음모 관절, 그리고 양측 장 골도 머리에 의해 시체에, 기본 뼈 랜드마크 긍정적인 시청각 HHMD 신호 상관.</li>
	<li>X 선 검사를 진행 하기 전에 항해 일지의 해 부 참조 개요에 랜드마크를 기록 합니다.</li>
</ol>

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저자는 공개 없다.

금속 어린이 몸 섭취 일반적인 문제 이며 환자의 대다수에서 이것은 외국 관리 보수적7,16. 단일 또는 반복 검사는 섭취 금속 이물질을 지역화 하는 동안 원치 않는 방사선 위험 라디오-민감한 소아 인구를 노출할 수 있습니다. 어린이, 감도와 보다 96%와 801,7,17,,<sup cla...

이물질 섭취 시음 하 고 그들에 게1,2를 삼 키는 의해 개체를 탐구 하는 유아와 어린이의 자연 호기심 많은 성격 때문에 소아 응급실을 제시 하는 아이 들 사이에서 광범위 한 문제입니다. 이전 연구는 금속 물체 환자3,4의 그들의 일대에 모든 이물질 ingestions의 85%를 구성 했다 보고 있다. 이 프로토콜의 목표는 정확성과 어린이 섭취 금속 외국 시체를 감지 하는 휴대용 금속 탐지기를 사용 하 여의 타당성을 평가 하는입니다. 우리가 제안 하는 휴대용 금속 탐지기 금속 이물질 섭취의 높은 의혹으로 어린이의 심사 과정에서 초기 프로토콜 검사를 도입 하 여 방사선 금속 이물질을 지역화 하도록 주문 되 고 수가 될 수 있습니다. 이 라디오-민감한 인구 감소.
휴대용 금속 탐지기 (HHMD) 저렴 하 고 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 외래 섭취 금속 외국 기관의 관리를 신속 하 게 하는 것을 도울 수 있는 이다. 금속 탐지기는 수신기와 송신기의 주변3금속 개체의 존재에 기인한 전자기 분야에서 변화를 감지 하는 매우 낮은 주파수 장치입니다. 금속 개체 필드 내에 있으면 전자기장 방해 하 고 센서는 시청각 경보 장치4에 설정 됩니다. 금속 탐지기 검사 2 분5미만에 철저 하 게 수행할 수 있습니다. 따라서, HHMD 심사 지형 지역화 금속 이물질 섭취의 높은 의혹으로 어린이의 심사 프로세스의 초기에 도입 될 수 있습니다.
동전은 가장 일반적인 삼 켜 금속 외국 기관1,4,,67. 날카로운 모서리와 일반 비 독성 자연의 부족, 동전 ingestions의 대다수는 보수적으로 관리 됩니다. 일반적으로 섭취 하는 물질의 다른 종류는 자석, 단추 배터리, 작은 장난감, 땅콩, 보석, 단추, 뼈, 씨앗, 그리고 팝콘8,9포함 됩니다. 외국 기관의 impaction 3 사이트, 즉 상부 식도 괄약근, 대동맥 아치, 그리고 더 낮은 식도 괄약근10의 수준에 중간 식도에서 식도에 가장 일반적으로 발생합니다. 식도에 있는 금속 외국 기관 (MFBs) 환자11,12 의 40%에서 무 증상 수 있으며 그것의 장기간된 impaction 식도 천공, mediastinitis, 같은 다양 한 합병증으로 이어질 수 있습니다. tracheoesophageal 누, tracheal 협 착 증, 및 aorto-식도 누 관1,13,,1415. 이물질 impaction의 다른 위치 등 pylorus, 십이지 장, ileo caecal 접속점10.
목, 가슴 및 복 부를 진단 하는 검사를 수행 의심 이물질 섭취 비상 부서5에 대폭적인 연습 이다. 섭취 한 외국의 모든 종류, 중 10%는 라디오 불투명10. 방사능 테스트 시간이 고 어린이 방사선 노출의 위험이 있다. 섭취 한 금속 물체의 정확한 지형 지역화는 매우 중요 한 치료 가이드를 합니다. HHMD 초기 심사 과정에서에서 심사의 도입 지형학 섭취 금속 이물질을 지역화 하 여 방사선의 외부 주문 완화 도울 수 있습니다.
이 연구 체계적인 지형 패션에 MFBs를 지역화 하는 HHMD의 정확도 평가 하 고 효율성과 지역 소아과 인구에 있는 HHMD의 타당성을 결정. 우리는 또한 얼마나 잘이 방사선 검사 도구 무료 환자와 부모에 의해 받아들여졌다 조사 했다. 5 월과 7 월 2016 년 사이 이물질 섭취의 역사와 함께 소아 응급 부서에 제시 모든 연속 환자는 연구에서 포함 되었다. 동의 부모 또는 법적 보호자 로부터 얻은 했다. 추정 된 이물질 섭취 환자 체계적으로 HHMD를 사용 하 여 검사 되었다. 식별에 대 한 치료의 골드 표준 및 섭취 금속 외국 기관의 지역화 일반 검사 자 궁 경부 지역, 흉부, 그리고 복 부의 수행 이다. 연구의 수행을 촉진 하기 위하여 표준화 된 워크플로 (그림 1)을 만들었습니다. 특히 워크플로 기반으로 만든 로그도 서 스프레드시트 (그림 2) 이후 변하게 했다 초기 데이터 수집에 사용 되었다. 결과 섹션에 데이터 백분율에 의해 다음의 경우의 수로 묘사 된다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hand held metal detector</td><td>Garrett Super Scanner V</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr></tbody></table>

handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children

동전은 아이 들 중 가장 일반적인 섭취 금속 외국인 시체. 이 프로토콜의 목표는 정확성과 어린이 섭취 금속 외국 시체를 감지 하는 휴대용 금속 탐지기를 사용 하 여의 타당성을 평가 하는입니다. 우리는 금속 이물질 섭취의 높은 의혹으로 어린이의 심사 프로세스의 초기에 휴대용 금속 탐지기 검사를 도입 하 여 금속 이물질을 지역화 하도록 주문 되는 방사선의 수 감소 될 수 있다이 제안 라디오-민감한 인구입니다. 연구 프로토콜 이물질 섭취의 역사와 호흡 곤란 환자의 배제에 대 한 참가자의 심사 또는 금속 임 플 란 트. 환자 병원 가운과 안경, 귀걸이, 펜 던 트, 같은 금속을 포함할 수 있는 항목을 변경 하 고 장신구 제거 됩니다. 환자는 다른 금속 방해에서 방 중앙에 배치 됩니다. 휴대용 금속 탐지기의 작동 상태는 먼저 긍정적인 시청각 신호를 도출 하 여 확인 됩니다. 다음 심사 목 anteriorly과 뒤로 지그재그 방식으로 골반을 목에서 해 부 영역을 커버 하는 엉덩이 관절의 수준에 턱의 수준에서 노출에 대 한 확장에 머리는 직 립 위치에 이루어집니다. 긍정적인 시청각 신호 금속 이물질의 존재에 대 한 검색 하는 동안 신중 하 게 주의 된다. 관련 검사 금속 탐지기 검사에는 지역에 따라 정렬 됩니다. 휴대용 금속 탐지기 정확 하 게 우리의 연구에서 섭취 금속 외국 시체 들 사이 있는 모든 동전을 확인할 수 있었다. 휴대용 금속 탐지기 감지할 수 없습니다 일관 되 게 동전이 아닌 금속 외국인 시체. 이 프로토콜 식별에서 휴대용 금속 탐지기의 정확도 및 동전과 금속 외국 시체 처럼 동전의 지역화를 보여 줍니다.

연구팀은이 관찰 연구에 대 한 36 환자 모집. 이 환자는 이물질 섭취의 역사와 함께 소아 응급 부서에 제시 했다. 이러한 가운데, 28 환자 금속 이물질 ingestions (그림 3) 했다. 나머지 8 환자 물고기 뼈, satay 스틱, 플라스틱 버튼 등 비금속 외국 시체를 섭취 했다. 동전 가장 일반적인 유형의 이물질 섭취 (표 1), 환자의 30.5%를 구성 했다. 다른 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children at JoVE.com

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

여기, 우리 아이 이물질 섭취의 역사와 함께 소아 응급 의학 부서에 제시 들 섭취 금속 외국인 시체의 존재에 대 한 화면을 휴대용 금속 탐지기를 사용 하는 프로토콜을 제시.

아이 들에서 금속 이물질 섭취에 대 한 휴대용 금속 탐지기 검사

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a ...

handheld-metal-detector-screening-for-metallic-foreign-body-ingestion

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.6K 조회수.  KK women's and Children's Hospital. 여기, 우리 아이 이물질 섭취의 역사와 함께 소아 응급 의학 부서에 제시 들 섭취 금속 외국인 시체의 존재에 대 한 화면을 휴대용 금속 탐지기를 사용 하는 프로토콜을 제시.

비디오: Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Bacterial Detection &amp; Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Electrochemical sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors operate by transducing a biological recognition event into a useful electrical signal. Signal transduction occurs by coupling the activity of a redox enzyme to an amperometric electrode. Sensor specificity is either an inherent characteristic of the enzyme, glucose oxidase in the case of a glucose sensor, or a product of linkage between the enzyme and an antibody or probe.
Here, we describe an electrochemical sensor assay method to directly detect and identify bacteria. In every case, the probes described here are DNA oligonucleotides. This method is based on sandwich hybridization of capture and detector probes with target ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The capture probe is anchored to the sensor surface, while the detector probe is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). When a substrate such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is added to an electrode with capture-target-detector complexes bound to its surface, the substrate is oxidized by HRP and reduced by the working electrode. This redox cycle results in shuttling of electrons by the substrate from the electrode to HRP, producing current flow in the electrode.

Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

We describe an electrochemical sensor assay method for rapid bacterial detection and identification. The assay involves a sensor array functionalized with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species-specific sequences. Sandwich hybridization of target rRNA with the capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-linked DNA oligonucleotide detector probe produces a measurable amperometric current.

전기 화학 센서를 사용하여 세균의 검출 및 식별

Electrochemical  sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and  can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of ...

연구

생체공학

Protocol for the Evaluation of MRI Artifacts Caused by Metal Implants to Assess the Suitability of Implants and the Vulnerability of Pulse Sequences

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter metallic implant-related artifacts in MRI, resulting in reduced image quality. Therefore, the MRI suitability of implants in terms of artifact volume, as well as the development of pulse sequences to reduce image artifacts, are becoming more and more important. Here, we present a comprehensive protocol which allows for a standardized evaluation of the artifact volume of implants on MRI. Furthermore, this protocol can be used to analyze the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to artifacts. The proposed protocol can be applied to T1- and T2-weighted images with or without fat-suppression and all passive implants. Furthermore, the procedure enables the separate and three-dimensional identification of signal loss and pile-up artifacts. As previous investigations differed greatly in evaluation methods, the comparability of their results was limited. Thus, standardized measurements of MRI artifact volumes are necessary to provide better comparability. This may improve the development of the MRI suitability of implants and better pulse sequences to finally improve patient care.

We describe a standardized method to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging artifacts caused by implants to estimate the suitability of the implants for magnetic resonance imaging and/or the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to metallic artifacts simultaneously.

금속으로 인 한 MRI 아티팩트의 평가 대 한 프로토콜 임 플 란 트의 적합성 및 펄스 시퀀스의 취약성을 평가 하기 위해 임 플 란 트

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter ...

공학

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural basis of human perception, cognition and behavior 1, 2. Moreover, this non-invasive imaging method has grown into a tool for clinicians and researchers to explore typical and atypical brain development. Although advances in neuroimaging tools and techniques are apparent, (f)MRI in young pediatric populations remains relatively infrequent 2. Practical as well as technical challenges when imaging children present clinicians and research teams with a unique set of problems 3, 2. To name just a few, the child participants are challenged by a need for motivation, alertness and cooperation. Anxiety may be an additional factor to be addressed. Researchers or clinicians need to consider time constraints, movement restriction, scanner background noise and unfamiliarity with the MR scanner environment2,4-10. A progressive use of functional and structural neuroimaging in younger age groups, however, could further add to our understanding of brain development. As an example, several research groups are currently working towards early detection of developmental disorders, potentially even before children present associated behavioral characteristics e.g.11. Various strategies and techniques have been reported as a means to ensure comfort and cooperation of young children during neuroimaging sessions. Play therapy 12, behavioral approaches 13, 14,15, 16-18 and simulation 19, the use of mock scanner areas 20,21, basic relaxation 22 and a combination of these techniques 23 have all been shown to improve the participant's compliance and thus MRI data quality. Even more importantly, these strategies have proven to increase the comfort of families and children involved 12. One of the main advances of such techniques for the clinical practice is the possibility of avoiding sedation or general anesthesia (GA) as a way to manage children's compliance during MR imaging sessions 19,20. In the current video report, we present a pediatric neuroimaging protocol with guidelines and procedures that have proven to be successful to date in young children.

Despite an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, the study of young pediatric populations remains a challenge. We present a hands-on, step-by-step video protocol including guidelines for clinicians and researchers intending to perform (f)MRI in young children.

소아 Neuroimaging 프로토콜, 지침 및 절차 - MR 이미징 아동의 놀이 만들기

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural ...

생물학

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. The feasibility of using magnetic forces to capture and retain endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) labeled with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) has been shown previously. But this technique requires the development of a mechanically functional stent from a magnetic and biocompatible material followed by in-vitro and in-vivo testing to prove rapid endothelialization. We developed a weakly ferromagnetic stent from 2205 duplex stainless steel using computer aided design (CAD) and its design was further refined using finite element analysis (FEA). The final design of the stent exhibited a principal strain below the fracture limit of the material during mechanical crimping and expansion. One hundred stents were manufactured and a subset of them was used for mechanical testing, retained magnetic field measurements, in-vitro cell capture studies, and in-vivo implantation studies. Ten stents were tested for deployment to verify if they sustained crimping and expansion cycle without failure. Another 10 stents were magnetized using a strong neodymium magnet and their retained magnetic field was measured. The stents showed that the retained magnetism was sufficient to capture SPION-labeled EOC in our in-vitro studies. SPION-labeled EOC capture and retention was verified in large animal models by implanting 1 magnetized stent and 1 non-magnetized control stent in each of 4 pigs. The stented arteries were explanted after 7 days and analyzed histologically. The weakly magnetic stents developed in this study were capable of attracting and retaining SPION-labeled endothelial cells which can promote rapid healing.

Our goals were to design, manufacture and test ferromagnetic stents for endothelial cell capture. Ten stents were tested for fracture and 10 more stents were tested for retained magnetism. Finally, 10 stents were tested in-vitro and 8 more stents were implanted in 4 pigs to show cell capture and retention.

내피 세포 캡처 및 유지에 대한 강자성 베어 메탈 스텐트

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. ...

Preparation and Application of a New Bacterial Biosensor for the Presumptive Detection of Gunshot Residue

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, when used together, can indicate the presence of gunshot residue (GSR) by producing a fluorescence signal in the presence of three key analytes (antimony, lead, and organic components of GSR). The protocol describes the synthesis of the biosensors using Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the analytical chemistry methods used to evaluate the selectivity and sensitivity of the sensors. The functioning of the system is demonstrated by using GSR collected from the inside of a spent cartridge casing. Once prepared, the biosensors can be stored until needed and can be used as a test for these key analytes. A positive response from all three analytes provides a presumptive positive test for GSR, while each individual device has applications for detecting the analytes in other samples (e.g., a detector for lead contamination in drinking water). The main limitation of the system is the time required for a positive signal; future work may involve studying different organisms to optimize the response time.

A protocol is presented using synthetic biology techniques to synthesize a set of bacterial biosensors for the analysis of gunshot residue, and to test the functioning of the devices for their intended use using fluorescence spectroscopy.

총 탄 잔류물의 추정 검출을 위한 새로운 세균 바이오 센서의 제조 및 적용

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, ...

화학

Hellgrammite as a Non-Conventional Biomonitor for Surface Water and Environmental Health Assessment

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of occurrence, and extended period of immaturity, which can last up to one year. Hellgrammites are clearly known to exhibit sensitivity to pollution and habitat structure impacts. Given these unique features, using Corydalus texanus larvae is highly suitable as reliable biomonitoring agents to assess the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. This protocol aims to provide the necessary tools for C. texanus assessment and demonstrate their efficacy through a case study. Research findings have practical implications, indicating that C. texanus larvae exhibit early-warning responses to mining pollution, bioaccumulating high amounts of heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, and Al. The presence or absence of C. texanus populations may serve as a helpful indicator for identifying potential issues related to ecosystem health. The unconventional approach has shown early warnings of pollution in mining-impacted sites, highlighting the need for timely action to protect the environment. Given their unique traits, the use of C. texanus larvae is highly suggested as a reliable non-conventional bioindicator.

This protocol describes the use of biomarkers for the early detection of deleterious impacts in aquatic ecosystems. The biomarkers are closely related to sentinel traits, and their changes aid in detecting early-warning damages.

지표수 및 환경 건강 평가를 위한 비전통적인 바이오모니터인 Hellgrammite(Hellgrammite)

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of ...

환경과학

Quantification of Metal Leaching in Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as many of the common di-and trivalent cations used in IMAC resins have an inhibitory effect on enzymes. However, the extent of metal leaching and the impact of various eluting and reducing reagents are poorly understood in large part due to the absence of simple and practical transition metal quantification protocols that use equipment typically available in biochemistry labs. To address this problem, we have developed a protocol to quickly quantify the amount of metal contamination in samples prepared using IMAC as a purification step. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) as a colorimetric indicator for metal cation content in a sample solution and UV-Vis spectroscopy as a means to quantify the amount of metal present, into the nanomolar range, based on the change in the HNB spectrum at 647 nm. While metal content in a solution has historically been determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma techniques, these methods require specialized equipment and training outside the scope of a typical biochemistry laboratory. The method proposed here provides a simple and fast way for biochemists to determine the metal content of samples using existing equipment and knowledge without sacrificing accuracy.

We present an assay for easy quantification of metals introduced to samples prepared using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue as the colorimetric metal indicator and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer as the detector.

고정화 금속 친화성 크로마토그래피에서 금속 침출정 정량화

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as ...

Magnetic Levitation Coupled with Portable Imaging and Analysis for Disease Diagnostics

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for specialized equipment and trained personnel require that many diagnostic tests be performed at remote, centralized clinical laboratories. Magnetic levitation is a simple yet powerful technique and can be applied to levitate cells, which are suspended in a paramagnetic solution and placed in a magnetic field, at a position determined by equilibrium between a magnetic force and a buoyancy force. Here, we present a versatile platform technology designed for point-of-care diagnostics which uses magnetic levitation coupled to microscopic imaging and automated analysis to determine the density distribution of a patient's cells as a useful diagnostic indicator. We present two platforms operating on this principle: (i) a smartphone-compatible version of the technology, where the built-in smartphone camera is used to image cells in the magnetic field and a smartphone application processes the images and to measures the density distribution of the cells and (ii) a self-contained version where a camera board is used to capture images and an embedded processing unit with attached thin-film-transistor (TFT) screen measures and displays the results. Demonstrated applications include: (i) measuring the altered distribution of a cell population with a disease phenotype compared to a healthy phenotype, which is applied to sickle cell disease diagnosis, and (ii) separation of different cell types based on their characteristic densities, which is applied to separate white blood cells from red blood cells for white blood cell cytometry. These applications, as well as future extensions of the essential density-based measurements enabled by this portable, user-friendly platform technology, will significantly enhance disease diagnostic capabilities at the point of care.

We present a magnetic levitation technique coupled with automated imaging and analysis in both a smartphone-compatible device and a device with embedded imaging and processing. This is applied to measure the density distribution of cells with two demonstrated biomedical applications: sickle cell disease diagnosis and separating white and red blood cells.

질병 진단을위한 휴대용 이미징 및 분석과 결합 자기 부상

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for ...

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. The most important sources of human infections worldwide are game meat and pork or pork products. In many countries, the prevention of human trichinellosis is based on the identification of infected animals by means of the artificial digestion of muscle samples from susceptible animal carcasses.
There are several methods based on the digestion of meat but the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard. This method allows the detection of Trichinella larvae by microscopy after the enzymatic digestion of muscle samples and subsequent filtration and sedimentation steps. Although this method does not require special and expensive equipment, internal controls cannot be used. Therefore, stringent quality management should be applied throughout the test. The aim of the present work is to provide detailed handling instructions and critical control points of the method to analysts, based on the experience of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites and the National Reference Laboratory of Germany for Trichinella.

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

The prevention of human trichinellosis in many countries worldwide is based on the laboratory examination of muscle samples from susceptible animals by methods of digestion, of which the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard.

의 검출을위한 자석 교반기 방법<em&gt; 선모충</em근육 샘플에서&gt; 애벌레

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode ...

면역학 및 감염병학

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been linked to both waterborne and foodborne illnesses, and remains a threat despite the food- and water-screening methods used currently. While conventional bacterial detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) can specifically detect pathogenic contaminants, they require extensive sample preparation and lengthy waiting periods. In addition, these practices demand sophisticated laboratory instruments and settings, and must be executed by trained professionals. Herein, a protocol is proposed for a simpler diagnostic technique that features the unique combination of magnetic and fluorescent parameters in a nanoparticle-based platform. The proposed multiparametric magneto-fluorescent nanosensors (MFnS) can detect E. coli O157:H7 contamination with as little as 1 colony-forming unit present in solution within less than 1 h. Furthermore, the ability of MFnS to remain highly functional in complex media such as milk and lake water has been verified. Additional specificity assays were also used to demonstrate the ability of MFnS to only detect the specific target bacteria, even in the presence of similar bacterial species. The pairing of magnetic and fluorescent modalities allows for the detection and quantification of pathogen contamination in a wide range of concentrations, exhibiting its high performance in both early- and late-stage contamination detection. The effectiveness, affordability, and portability of the MFnS make them an ideal candidate for point-of-care screening for bacterial contaminants in a wide range of settings, from aquatic reservoirs to commercially packaged foods.

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

The overall goal of this protocol is to synthesize functional nanosensors for the portable, cost-effective, and rapid detection of specifically targeted pathogenic bacteria through a combination of magnetic relaxation and fluorescence emission modalities.

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