Name: color spot test as a presumptive tool for the rapid detection of synthetic cathinones
Uploaded: 2018-02-05T14:45:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones at JoVE.com

저자 모건 Philp 통해 호주 정부 연구 훈련 프로그램 장학금을 제공 하는 지원 하 고 싶습니다.

1입니다. 색상 테스트 시 약 해결책의 준비
참고: 건조 100 mL 비 커에 구리 질산염 안내의 0.12 g 무게. 이온된 (DI) 물 30 mL를 추가 하 고 신중 하 게 모든 고체를 해산 하기 위해 실 온에서 소용돌이. 100ml 부피 플라스 크에이 솔루션을 부 어 하 고 보정 마크 디 물으로 채워. 이 솔루션을 준비 시 1입니다. 참고: 시 1 수 준비 사용 하 여 다른 copper(II) 소금, 예: copper(II) 염화 물.
<ol><li>2, 9-디 메 틸-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine) hemihydrate의 0.11 g 건조 100 mL 비 커에 무게. 0.10 mol/L 염 산 (HCl) 50 mL를 추가 하 고 막대를 감동 하는 유리를 사용 하 여 실 온에서 고체의 해체를 촉진. 100ml 부피 플라스 크에이 솔루션을 부 어 하 고 0.10 mol/l HCl 보정된 마크에 기입. 이 솔루션을 준비 시 2입니다. 주의: Neocuproine은 심하게 독성 피부 자극과 눈 손상을 일으킬 수 있습니다. 착용 장갑 및 노출의 위험을 최소화 하기 위해 처리 하는 동안 안전 안경. 참고: Neocuproine는 물에 약간 용 해, 따라서, 희석 산이 시이 약을 준비 하 여 모든 고체 분해 되도록 사용 됩니다.</li>
	<li>나트륨 아세테이트의 16.4 g 건조 100 mL 비 커에 무게. 디 물 50 mL를 추가 하 고 막대를 감동 하는 유리를 사용 하 여 실 온에서 고체의 해체를 촉진. 100ml 부피 플라스 크에이 솔루션을 부 어 하 고 보정 마크 디 물으로 채워. 이 솔루션을 준비 시 약 3입니다. 참고: 프로토콜 수 수 일시 중지 여기. 시 약 매우 안정 하 고 실 온에서 12 개월까지 저장할 수 있습니다.</li>
</ol>2. 색상 테스트
<ol><li>한 깨끗 한 도자기 자리 접시, 3 개의 일회용 펫, 단계 2.1, 한 깨끗 한 주걱, 전기 열판 및 테스트할 샘플/압수 자료에서에서 준비 하는 세 개의 시 약 솔루션 수집 합니다.</li>
	<li>작은 배치는 주걱을 사용 하 여, 핀 머리 크기의 금액 (약 0.1-0.2 밀리 그램) 3 가지로 알 수 없는 샘플의 도자기 자리 격판덮개의 우물을 분리. 같은 양의 4 methylmethcathinone HCl (4-MMC), 합성 cathinone 참조 샘플 (긍정적인 통제)에 두고 3 개의 인접 한 웰 스 빈 (빈 제어)와 또 다른 3 개의 우물. 참고: 기본 테스트 표면 도자기 자리 접시입니다. 이러한 사용할 수 없는 경우에, 플라스틱 microwell 또는 세미 마이크로 테스트 튜브를 사용 합니다.</li>
	<li>일회용 피 펫을 사용 하 여 빈 하 고 긍정적인 제어 우물 뿐만 아니라 각 샘플 잘 하 구리 질산염 솔루션 (시 약 1)의 5 방울을 추가 합니다.</li>
	<li>두 번째 일회용 피 펫을 사용 하 여 빈 하 고 긍정적인 제어 우물 뿐만 아니라 각 샘플 잘에 neocuproine 솔루션 (시 약 2)의 2 방울을 추가 합니다.</li>
	<li>3 일회용 피 펫을 사용 하 여, 잘, 빈 고 긍정적인 제어 우물 뿐만 아니라 각 샘플에 나트륨 아세테이트 솔루션 (시 약 3)의 2 방울을 추가 합니다. 참고:는 솔루션 회전 빛 블루.</li>
	<li>80 ° c.에 자리 플레이트 전기 열판에 직접 설정 하는 도자기를 배치 참고: 플라스틱 microwell 격판덮개는 열판에 직접가 열 하지 마십시오. 플라스틱 접시를 설정 하는 얕은 끓는 물 목욕을 준비 합니다. 열 작은 끓는 물 욕조에 세미 마이크로 테스트 튜브. 색상 변경 두께 자리 접시의 구성에 따라 달라 집니다를 관찰 하는 데 필요한 정확한 시간. 주의: 방지 하기 위해 처리 자리 접시 화상 부상 때는 주의 합니다.</li>
	<li>10 분 동안가 열 후 육안에 의해 관찰 노트 최종 색상 변화 하거나 최종 색상 변화 사진. 참고: 사용 하 여 더 나은 흰색 배경 색상 변경 시각화.</li>
</ol>

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저자는 공개 없다.

이 색 테스트 프로토콜 알 Obaid 외의해 실험적인 작품에서 적응 시켰다. 18 있는 저자 시연 색상 변경 khat 식물에서 추출한 cathinone 존재 발생 합니다. 게시 된 프로토콜에 대 한 수정 추정 불법 약물 검출에의 응용 예측 하는 데 필요한 했다. 반응의 규모를 줄이기 위해 가장 중요 한 고려 사항이 이었다. 현재 종이에 설명 된 프로토콜은 거리 샘플 및 약물 발작에 적용 될 설?...

불법 마약 시장 계속 진화 하 고 급변 하는 시장에 적응 하 여 전통적인 사업에 유사 하 게 작동 합니다. 현대 기술의 발전, 특히 강력한 커뮤니케이션의 글로벌 확산이 보았다 어두운 Net1 및 온라인 포럼2통해 사용자 사이에서 공유 하는 광범위 한 지식을 통해 증가 온라인 구매. 발전 화학 결합, 새로운 psychoactive 물질 (NPS)의 급속 한 출현 국제 및 국가 마약 통제에 대 한 심각한 도전을 만들었습니다.
NPS는 국제 통제 약물에 비슷한 효과가지고 학대의 잠재적으로 위험한 물질. 처음으로 "법적" 대안 판매, 739 NPS 보고 되었다 유엔 사무실에 약과 범죄 (UNODC)에 2009 년, 20163사이. 가장 최근의 연례 보고서, NPS의 기록 번호는 호주 국경에, 그 분석의 대다수와 가진 더 합성 cathinones4로 식별 압수 했다. 세계적인 규모로 합성 cathinones의 발작 꾸준히 증가 이후 2010 년에 처음 보고 있으며 가장 일반적으로 잡은 NPS5중 하나.
NPS로 인 한도 전에 토론6,7의 주제를 크게 게시 되었습니다. 법의학 연구소와 법 집행 요원 검색 및 그들의 급속 한 출현 동안 NPS를 확인 하는 장소에 적절 한 방법 없이 불이익에 남았다. NPS, 탈취 소재, 합성 cathinones 등의 검출에 광범위 한 연구는 가스 크로마토그래피-질량 분석 (GC-MS)8 및 액체 착 색 인쇄기-높은 해상도 질량 분석 (LC-HRMS)9 에 대 한 고용 확실 한 분석입니다. 적외선과 라만 분광학10 연구 뿐만 아니라 주변 이온화 질량 spectrometric 분석, 실시간으로 질량 분석 (MS 다트)11, 에 직접 분석 등 본 최소 샘플 준비에 대 한 수요 증가 12. 빠른, 민감한 분석 분야에 대 한 필요성 또한 법 집행13사용 하기 위해 휴대용 장치에 종이 스프레이 이온화 질량 분석 (MS PSI)의 설립을 본. 많은 경 음악 기법 민감한 감지 및 양적 결과 확실 한 분석을 제공합니다. 그러나, 높은 처리량 분석을 위해 그들은 샘플 준비, 실행된 시간, 그리고 악기 교육 및 유지 보수 시간이 오래 걸릴 수 있습니다.
추정 색상 테스트는 테스트 샘플14에 특정 약물 클래스의 유무를 제안 하도록 설계 되었습니다. 과학적 실무 그룹에는 분석의 압수 마약 (SWGDRUG) 색상 테스트 자외선 분광학 및 immunoassays15낮은 차별 전원 기술로 분류 합니다. 그러나, 그들은 아직도 널리 다른 기술에 비해 훨씬 저렴 한 비용에 빠른 결과 제공 하는 수단으로 법 집행 기관 및 기타 보안 요원에 의해 고용 됩니다. 주요 장점은 자리 색상 테스트 메서드는 휴대용 테스트 키트를 사용 하 여 필드에서 그들을 수행 하는 기능을 제공 합니다.
색상 테스트의 선택도 테스트 시 약 및 색상 변화를 만들의 마약 클래스 간에 발생 하는 개별 화학 반응에 의존 합니다. 현재 추정 테스트 프로토콜 부족 감지 합성 cathinones;에 대 한 특정 테스트 특이성 부족 하 고 유해 물질을 포함 하는 일반적으로 사용된 시 약 자주 고용 된다. 다른 추천된 시 약 하지 가능한 합성 cathinone 물질16의 많은 수에 상영 되어 있다.
이 작품의 목표는 알 수 없는 구성의 불법 물질 합성 cathinones의 예비 심사에 대 한 관심 있는 당사자에 의해 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 간단한 색상 테스트 프로토콜을 제시. 관심 있는 당사자는 법 집행 기관, 국경 보호 기관, 법의학 연구소, 및 다른 관련 보안 요원을 포함할 것입니다. 제안 된 방법 전자 수락 구리 복잡 한 시와 전자 풍부한 합성 cathinone 약물 분자 간에 발생 감소 산화 반응을 사용 합니다. 이러한 화학 방법을 개발에 사용 하 여, 하나의 합성 cathinones의 존재를 제안 하는 추정 색상 테스트의 형태로 그들을 적용할 수 있습니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Chemicals&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reagents and solvents&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>neocuproine hemihydrate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>72090</td><td>&amp;ge;99.0%. Acute toxicity</td></tr><tr><td>copper(II) nitrate trihydrate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>61197</td><td>98.0%-103%</td></tr><tr><td>sodium acetate</td><td>Ajax Finechem</td><td>AJA680</td><td>anhydrous</td></tr><tr><td>hydrochloric acid</td><td>RCI Labscan</td><td>RP 1106</td><td>36%. Corrosive</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Powders&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ascorbic acid</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>104</td><td>L</td></tr><tr><td>benzocaine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>E1501</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>benzoic acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>242381</td><td>&amp;ge;99.5%</td></tr><tr><td>boric acid</td><td>Silform Chemicals</td><td>R27410</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>caffeine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>C0750</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>cellulose</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>435236</td><td>microcrystalline</td></tr><tr><td>calcium chloride</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNILAB</td><td>960</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>citric acid</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>160</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>codeine phosphate</td><td>Glaxo</td><td>-</td><td>Acute toxicity</td></tr><tr><td>cysteine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>168149</td><td>L</td></tr><tr><td>dimethylsulfone</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M81705</td><td>98%</td></tr><tr><td>ephedrine HCl</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>285749</td><td>99%. Acute toxicity</td></tr><tr><td>glucose</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>783</td><td>D, anhydrous</td></tr><tr><td>glutathione</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNILAB</td><td>234</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>glycine</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>1083</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>lactose</td><td>Sigma</td><td>L254</td><td>D, monohydrate</td></tr><tr><td>levamisole HCl</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>PHR1798</td><td>Acute toxicity</td></tr><tr><td>magnesium sulphate</td><td>Scharlau</td><td>MA0080</td><td>anhydrous, extra pure</td></tr><tr><td>maltose</td><td>AJAX Finechem LABCHEM</td><td>1126</td><td>Bacteriological</td></tr><tr><td>mannitol</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>310</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>O-acetylsalicylic Acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A5376</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>phenethylamine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>241008</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>phenolphthalein</td><td>AJAX Finechem LABCHEM</td><td>368</td><td>Acute toxicity</td></tr><tr><td>potassium carbonate</td><td>Chem-Supply</td><td>PA021</td><td>AR, anhydrous</td></tr><tr><td>sodium carbonate</td><td>Chem-Supply</td><td>SA099</td><td>AR, anhydrous</td></tr><tr><td>sodium chloride</td><td>Rowe Scientific</td><td>CC10363</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>starch</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNILAB</td><td>1254</td><td>soluble</td></tr><tr><td>stearic acid</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNILAB</td><td>1255</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>sucrose</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>530</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tartaric acid</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>537</td><td>(+)</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Household products&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>artificial sweetener</td><td>ALDI Be Light</td><td>n/a</td><td>Contains aspartame</td></tr><tr><td>brown sugar</td><td>CSR</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>icing sugar</td><td>CSR</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>caster sugar</td><td>CSR</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>paracetamol tablet</td><td>Panadol</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>protein powder</td><td>Aussie Bodies ProteinFX</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>self-raising</td><td>Woolworths Australia Homebrand</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>plain flour</td><td>Woolworths Australia Homebrand</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Reference compounds&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td>controlled or illegal substances</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cathinone-type substances&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanone HCl (MOPPP)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1024</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>1-phenyl-2-methylamino-pentan-1-one HCl</td><td>Lipomed</td><td>PTD-1507-HC</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,3-dimethylmethcathinone HCl (2,3-DMMC)</td><td>Chiron Chemicals</td><td>10970.12</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,4,5-trimethylmethcathinone HCl (2,4,5-TMMC)</td><td>Chiron Chemicals</td><td>10927.13</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,4-dimethylmethcathinone HCl (2,4-DMMC)</td><td>Chiron Chemicals</td><td>10971.12</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-benzylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-butanone HCl (BMDB)</td><td>Chiron Chemicals</td><td>10925.18</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-fluoromethcathinone HCl (2-FMC)</td><td>LGC Standards</td><td>LGCFOR 1275.64</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-methylmethcathinone HCl (2-MMC)</td><td>LGC Standards</td><td>LGCFOR 1387.02</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-methylenedioxy-&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MDPBP) HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D973</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-dimethylmethcathinone HCl (DMMC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D962</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone HCl (MDMC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D942</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-methylenedioxy-N,N-dimethylcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D977</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone HCl (MDPV)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D951b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3-bromomethcathinone HCl (3-BMC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1035</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3-fluoromethcathinone HCl (3-FMC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D947b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3-methylmethcathinone HCl (3-MMC)</td><td>LGC Standards</td><td>LGCFOR 1387.03</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-bromomethcathinone HCl (4-BMC)</td><td>LGC Standards</td><td>LGCFOR 1387.11</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-fluoromethcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D969</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methoxymethcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D952</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methylethylcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D968</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methylmethcathinone HCl (4-MMC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D937b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methyl-N-benzylcathinone&amp;nbsp;HCl (4-MBC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1026</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methyl-pyrrolidinopropiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D964</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methyl-&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinobutiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D974</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>cathinone HCl (bk-amphetamine)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D929</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>dibutylone HCl (bk-DMBDB)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1027</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>iso-ethcathinone HCl</td><td>Chiron Chemicals</td><td>10922.11</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>methcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D724</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>methylenedioxy-&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinopropiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D960</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>N,N-diethylcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D957</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>N,N-dimethylcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D958</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>naphthylpyrovalerone HCl (naphyrone)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D981</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxycathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D959</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>N-ethylbuphedrone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1013</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>N-ethylcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D938b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>pentylone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D992</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>pyrovalerone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D985</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-dimethylaminobutyrophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1011</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-dimethylaminopentiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1006</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-ethylaminopentiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1005</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinobutiophenone HCl (&amp;alpha;-PBP)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1012</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinopentiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D986b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinopropiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D956</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;beta;-keto-N-methyl-3,4-benzodioxyolylbutanamine HCl (bk-MBDB)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D948</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other substances&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(-)-ephedrine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>M924</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(-)-methylephedrine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>M243</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+)-cathine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>M297</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)- 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine HCl (MDA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D842</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)- N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine HCl (MDMA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D792c</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)-methamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D816e</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)-N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine HCl (MDEA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D739c</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)-N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butylamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D450a</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)-phenylpropanolamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>M296</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(2S*,3R*)-2-methyl-3-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]glycidic acid methyl ester</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D903</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine HCl (mCPP)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D907</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine HCl (TFMPP)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D906</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>1-benzylpiperazine HCl (BZP)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D905</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenylethylamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D922</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine HCl (DOM)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D470b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylthio-phenylethylamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D919</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D749</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-bromo-4-methylpropiophenone</td><td>Synthesised in-house</td><td>n/a</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-fluoroamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D946</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-fluoromethamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D933</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-dimethoxyamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D453b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone (MDP2P)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D810b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D396b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D758b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-fluoroamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D943b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-fluorococaine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D854b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-fluoromethamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D934</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-hydroxyamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D824b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methoxyamphetamine HCl (PMA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D756</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methoxymethamphetamine HCl (PMMA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D908b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methylmethamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D963</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methylpropiophenone</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>517925</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D954</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>amphetamine sulphate</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D420d</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>cocaine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D747b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>dimethamphetamine (DMA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D693d</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>gamma-hydroxy butyrate</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D812b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>heroin HCl</td><td>LGC Standards</td><td>LGCFOR 0037.20</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>ketamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D686b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>methoxetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D989</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>methylamine HCl</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M0505</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>phencyclidine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D748</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>phentermine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D781</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>triethylamine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T0886</td><td>Acute toxicity, corrosive, flammable</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12-well porcelain spot plates</td><td>HomeScienceTools</td><td>CE-SPOTP12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>96-well microplates</td><td>Greiner Bio-One</td><td>650201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hot plate</td><td>Industrial Equipment and Control Pty Ltd.</td><td>CH1920 (Scientrific)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 mL glass volumetric flasks</td><td>Duran</td><td>24 678 25 54</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Soda lime glass Pasteur pipettes</td><td>Marienfeld-Superior</td><td>3233050</td><td>230 mm length</td></tr></tbody></table>

color spot test as a presumptive tool for the rapid detection of synthetic cathinones

합성 cathinones는 점점 널리 세계적으로 법 집행 기관 및 다른 국경 보호 기관에 의해 만든 약물 발작에는 새로운 psychoactive 물질 (NPS)의 큰 클래스. 색상 테스트 하는 것은 신속 하 고 단순한 화학 방법을 사용 하 여 특정 약물 클래스의 유무를 나타내는 추정 식별 기술입니다. 때문에 그들의 상대적으로 최근 출현, 합성 cathinones의 특정 id에 대 한 색상 테스트 현재 제공 되지 않습니다. 이 연구에서 우리가 소개 합성 cathinones의 추정 식별 프로토콜 3 수성 시 솔루션 채용: copper(II) 질 산, 2, 9-디 메 틸-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine) 및 나트륨 아세테이트. 작은 핀-머리 크기의 금액 (약 0.1-0.2 mg) 의심된 약물의 추가 자리는 도자기의 우물에 플레이트, 그리고 각 시 약 추가 dropwise 순차적으로 열판에서가 열 하기 전에. 노란색-오렌지 10 분 합성 cathinones의 가능성이 존재 뒤에 매우 밝은 파란색의 색상 변화. 매우 안정적이 고 특정 테스트 시 약 법의학 실험실에서 합성 cathinones에 대 한 알 수 없는 샘플의 추정 심사에 사용에 대 한 잠재력이 있다. 그러나, 색상 변경 결과 대 한 추가 난방 단계를 성가신 실험실 응용 프로그램 테스트를 제한 하 고 필드 테스트를 쉽게 번역의 가능성을 감소.

테스트 프로토콜 결과 Philp 외. 에서 설명 하는 여러 연구를 통해 검증 된 17. 색상 테스트 메서드 권리장전 색상을 통해 알 수 없는 샘플에 합성 cathinones 밝은 파란색에서 노란색-오렌지 (그림 1) 변경 감지할 수 있다. 노란색과 오렌지 색 난방 기간 긍정적인 시험 결과 및 다른 매우 약한 노란색을 포함 하 여 색깔 변화 나 변경 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones at JoVE.com

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

색상 합성 Cathinones의 급속 한 탐지에 대 한 추정 도구로 자리 테스트

여기 우리는 합성 cathinones, 새로운 psychoactive 물질의 클래스의 검출을 위한 간단 하 고 저렴 한, 선택적 화학 자리 테스트 프로토콜을 제시. 프로토콜은 불법 자료는 법 집행의 다양 한 분야에서 사용에 적합 합니다.

Synthetic cathinones are a large class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are increasingly prevalent in drug seizures made by law enforcement and ...

color-spot-test-as-presumptive-tool-for-rapid-detection-synthetic

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

24.6K 조회수.  University of Technology Sydney (UTS). 여기 우리는 합성 cathinones, 새로운 psychoactive 물질의 클래스의 검출을 위한 간단 하 고 저렴 한, 선택적 화학 자리 테스트 프로토콜을 제시. 프로토콜은 불법 자료는 법 집행의 다양 한 분야에서 사용에 적합 합니다.

비디오: Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

Molecular cruciforms are X-shaped systems in which two conjugation axes intersect at a central core. If one axis of these molecules is substituted with electron-donors, and the other with electron-acceptors, cruciforms&#39; HOMO will localize along the electron-rich and LUMO along the electron-poor axis. This spatial isolation of cruciforms&#39; frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) is essential to their use as sensors, since analyte binding to the cruciform invariably changes its HOMO-LUMO gap and the associated optical properties. Using this principle, Bunz and Miljani&#263; groups developed 1,4-distyryl-2,5-bis(arylethynyl)benzene and benzobisoxazole cruciforms, respectively, which act as fluorescent sensors for metal ions, carboxylic acids, boronic acids, phenols, amines, and anions. The emission colors observed when these cruciform are mixed with analytes are highly sensitive to the details of analyte&#39;s structure and - because of cruciforms&#39; charge-separated excited states - to the solvent in which emission is observed. Structurally closely related species can be qualitatively distinguished within several analyte classes: (a) carboxylic acids; (b) boronic acids, and (c) metals. Using a hybrid sensing system composed from benzobisoxazole cruciforms and boronic acid additives, we were also able to discern among structurally similar: (d) small organic and inorganic anions, (e) amines, and (f) phenols. The method used for this qualitative distinction is exceedingly simple. Dilute solutions (typically 10-6 M) of cruciforms in several off-the-shelf solvents are placed in UV/Vis vials. Then, analytes of interest are added, either directly as solids or in concentrated solution. Fluorescence changes occur virtually instantaneously and can be recorded through standard digital photography using a semi-professional digital camera in a dark room. With minimal graphic manipulation, representative cut-outs of emission color photographs can be arranged into panels which permit quick naked-eye distinction among analytes. For quantification purposes, Red/Green/Blue values can be extracted from these photographs and the obtained numeric data can be statistically processed.

Cross-conjugated cruciform fluorophores based on 1,4-distyryl-2,5-bis(arylethynyl)benzene and benzobisoxazole nuclei can be used to qualitatively identify diverse Lewis acidic and Lewis basic analytes. This method relies on the differences in emission colors of the cruciforms that are observed upon analyte addition. Structurally closely related species can be distinguished from each other.

카르 복실 산, 붕소 산, 그리고 아민의 정성 식별 십자형 형광체를 사용하여

Molecular cruciforms are X-shaped systems in which two conjugation axes intersect at a central core. If one axis of these molecules is substituted with ...

연구

화학

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

We demonstrate that direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry can be used to produce mass spectral profiles of botanical material, and that these chemical fingerprints can be used for plant species identification. The mass spectral data can be acquired rapidly and in a high throughput manner without the need for sample extraction, derivatization or pH adjustment steps. The use of this technique bypasses challenges presented by more conventional techniques including lengthy chromatography analysis times and resource intensive methods. The high throughput capabilities of the direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry protocol, coupled with multivariate statistical analysis processing of the data, provide not only class characterization of plants, but also yield species and varietal information. Here, the technique is demonstrated with two psychoactive plant products, Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) and Datura (Jimsonweed), which were subjected to direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry followed by statistical analysis processing of the mass spectral data. The application of these tools in tandem enabled the plant materials to be rapidly identified at the level of variety and species.

A method for species identification of botanical material by direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis is presented.

실시간 고해상도 질량 분석에 직접 분석을 사용하여 식물 소재의 신속한 높은 처리량 종 확인

We demonstrate that direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry can be used to produce mass spectral profiles of botanical material, ...

Fluorescent Paper Strips for the Detection of Diesel Adulteration with Smartphone Read-out

Three fluorescent molecular rotors of 4-dimethylamino-4-nitrostilbene (4-DNS) were investigated for their potential use as viscosity probes to indicate the content of kerosene in diesel/kerosene blends, a wide-spread activity to adulterate fuel. In solvents with low viscosity, the dyes rapidly deactivate via a so-called twisted intramolecular charge transfer state, efficiently quenching the fluorescence. Measurements of diesel/kerosene blends revealed a good linear correlation between the decrease in fluorescence and the increase of the fraction of the less viscous kerosene in diesel/kerosene blends. Immobilization of the hydroxy derivative 4-DNS-OH in cellulose paper yielded test strips that preserve the fluorescent indicator&#39;s behavior. Combination of the strips with a reader based on a smartphone and a controlling app allowed to create a simple field test. The method can reliably detect the presence of kerosene in diesel from 7 to 100%, outperforming present standard methods for diesel adulteration.

Here, we present a protocol to detect the adulteration of diesel with kerosene using test strips coated with a fluorescent viscosity probe together with a smartphone-based analysis system.

스마트폰 읽어와 디젤 혼합물의 검출을 위한 형광 종이 스트립

Three fluorescent molecular rotors of 4-dimethylamino-4-nitrostilbene (4-DNS) were investigated for their potential use as viscosity probes to indicate ...

환경과학

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and related diseases, but their precise measurement is still a challenge. Many protocols have been described for neurotransmitter measurement by a variety of instruments, including high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, there are shortcomings, such as complicated operation or hard-to-detect multiple targets, which cannot be avoided, and presently, the dominant analysis technique is still HPLC coupled with sensitive electrochemical or fluorimetric detection, due to its high sensitivity and good selectivity. Here, a detailed protocol is described for the pretreatment and detection of catecholamines with high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) in real urine samples of infants, using electrospun composite nanofibers composed of polymeric crown ether with polystyrene as adsorbent, also known as the packed-fiber solid phase extraction (PFSPE) method. We show how urine samples can be easily precleaned by a nanofiber-packed solid phase column, and how the analytes in the sample can be rapidly enriched, desorbed, and detected on an ECD system. PFSPE greatly simplifies the pretreatment procedures for biological samples, allowing for decreased time, expense, and reduction of the loss of targets. 
Overall, this work illustrates a simple and convenient protocol for solid-phase extraction coupled to an HPLC-ECD system for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA)) and two of their metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC)) in infants' urine. The established protocol was applied to assess the differences of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites between high-risk infants with perinatal brain damage and healthy controls. Comparative analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary MHPG between the two groups, indicating that the catecholamine metabolites may be an important candidate marker for early diagnosis of cases at risk for brain damage in infants.

We present a convenient solid-phase extraction coupled to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters and two of their metabolites in infants' urine. We also identify the metabolite MHPG as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of brain damage for infants.

추출 및 카 테 콜 아민 신경 전달 물질과 그들의 대사 산물의 고압 액체 크로마토그래피로 분석 하는 편리한 방법

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and ...

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

New analytical methods are urgently needed to enable high-throughput, yet comprehensive drug screening, given an alarming opioid and prescription drug crisis in public health. Conventional urine drug testing based on a two-tier immunoassay screen followed by a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method are expensive and prone to bias while being limited to targeted panels of known drugs of abuse (DoA). Herein, we outline an improved method for drug surveillance that allows for the resolution and detection of an expanded panel of DoA and their metabolites when using multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS). Multiplexed separations of ten urine samples with a quality control by CE (&lt; 3 min/sample) in conjunction with full-scan data acquisition using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) under positive ion mode detection allows for the identification and quantification of DoA above recommended cut-off levels. An excellent resolution of drug isomers and isobars, including background interferences, are achieved when using MSI-CE-MS with an electrokinetic spacer between sample segments, where accurate mass/molecular formula together with the comigration of a matching deuterated internal standard and the detection of one or more bio-transformed metabolites facilitate DoA identification over a wider detection window. Additionally, urine samples can be analyzed directly without enzyme deconjugation for the rapid screening without complicated sample workup. MSI-CE-MS enables the surveillance of a broad spectrum of DoA that is required for the treatment monitoring of high-risk patients, including confirming prescribed drug adherence, revealing illicit drug use/substitution, and evaluating optimal dosage regimes as required for new advances in precision medicine.

Here we describe a high-throughput method for comprehensive drug surveillance that allows for the improved resolution and detection of large panels of drugs of abuse and their metabolites, with quality control based on multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.

멀티 주입-모 세관 전기 이동 법 질량 분석을 사용 하 여 높은 처리량 및 포괄적인 약물 감시

New analytical methods are urgently needed to enable high-throughput, yet comprehensive drug screening, given an alarming opioid and prescription drug ...

A Two-Step Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Method with Mass Spectrometric Detection for Identification of Tattoo Ink Ingredients and Counterfeit Products

Tattoo inks are complex mixtures of ingredients. Each of them possesses different chemical properties which have to be addressed upon chemical analysis. In this method for two-step pyrolysis online coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) volatile compounds are analyzed during a first desorption run. In the second run, the same dried sample is pyrolyzed for analysis of non-volatile compounds such as pigments and polymers. These can be identified by their specific decomposition patterns. Additionally, this method can be used to differentiate original from counterfeit inks. Easy screening methods for data evaluation using the average mass spectra and self-made pyrolysis libraries are applied to speed up substance identification. Using specialized evaluation software for pyrolysis GS-MS data, a fast and reliable comparison of the full chromatogram can be achieved. Since GC-MS is used as separation technique, the method is limited to volatile substances upon desorption and after pyrolysis of the sample. The method can be applied for quick substance screening in market control surveys since it requires no sample preparation steps.

This method for two-step pyrolysis online coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and data evaluation protocol can be used for multi-component analysis of tattoo inks and discrimination of counterfeit products.

문신 잉크 성분 및 위조 제품의 식별을 위한 질량 분 광 탐지를 가진 2 단계 열 분해-가스 크로마토그래피 방법

Tattoo inks are complex mixtures of ingredients. Each of them possesses different chemical properties which have to be addressed upon chemical analysis. ...

Rapid In Situ Hybridization using Oligonucleotide Probes on Paraformaldehyde-prefixed Brain of Rats with Serotonin Syndrome

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) toxicity may cause region-specific changes in serotonergic mRNA expression due to acute serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) syndrome. This hypothesis can be tested using in situ hybridization to detect the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor gene htr2a. In the past, such procedures, utilizing radioactive riboprobe, were difficult because of the complicated workflow that needs several days to perform and the added difficulty that the technique required the use of fresh frozen tissues maintained in an RNase-free environment. Recently, the development of short oligonucleotide probes has simplified in situ hybridization procedures and allowed the use of paraformaldehyde-prefixed brain sections, which are more widely available in laboratories. Here, we describe a detailed protocol using non-radioactive oligonucleotide probes on the prefixed brain tissues. Hybridization probes used for this study include dapB (a bacterial gene coding for dihydrodipicolinate reductase), ppiB (a housekeeping gene coding for peptidylprolyl isomerase B), and htr2a (a serotonin gene coding for 5-HT2A receptors). This method is relatively simply, cheap, reproducible and requires less than two days to complete.

Rapid In Situ Hybridization using Oligonucleotide Probes on Paraformaldehyde-prefixed Brain of Rats with Serotonin Syndrome

This protocol describes a rapid and simplified in situ hybridization method ideal forparaformaldehyde-prefixed brain, thus reducing the need for prolonged complex steps while using fresh frozen tissues. The method is validated using the identification of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor gene htr2a in rats.

빠른<em&gt; 현장에서</em세로토닌 증후군 쥐의 파라 포름 알데히드 - 접두사 뇌에 올리고 뉴클레오티드 프로브를 사용하여&gt; 하이브리드

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) toxicity may cause region-specific changes in serotonergic mRNA expression due to acute serotonin ...

신경과학

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>펜타닐 유사체를 스크리닝하기 위한 LC 및 TIMS-TOF MS/MS의 직교성 수확

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

The use of fentanyl and the emergence of fentanyl analogs over recent decades has become an increasing concern to the community at large. Fentanyl and its analogs are the major contributors to fatal and nonfatal overdoses in the United States. Most recent cases of fentanyl-related overdose are linked to illicitly manufactured fentanyl and its associated extreme potency. In the present work, we describe a high-throughput analytical protocol for the screening of fentanyl analogs. The use of complementary liquid chromatography, trapped ion mobility spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry allow for the separation and assignment of hundreds of fentanyl analogs from a single sample in a single scan. The described approach takes advantage of the recent development of data-dependent acquisition and data-independent acquisition using parallel accumulation in the mobility trap followed by sequential fragmentation using collision-induced dissociation. The fentanyl analogs are confidently assigned based on their retention time, mobility, and MS fragmentation pattern.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>저자 스포트라이트: 펜타닐 유사체를 자신 있게 구별하고 특성화하기 위한 효율적인 방법론

A method for the screening of fentanyl analogs based on their retention time, mobility, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern.

LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS를 사용한 펜타닐 아날로그 스크리닝

The use of fentanyl and the emergence of fentanyl analogs over recent decades has become an increasing concern to the community at large. Fentanyl and its ...

색상 합성 Cathinones의 급속 한 탐지에 대 한 추정 도구로 자리 테스트

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

카르 복실 산, 붕소 산, 그리고 아민의 정성 식별 십자형 형광체를 사용하여

실시간 고해상도 질량 분석에 직접 분석을 사용하여 식물 소재의 신속한 높은 처리량 종 확인

스마트폰 읽어와 디젤 혼합물의 검출을 위한 형광 종이 스트립

추출 및 카 테 콜 아민 신경 전달 물질과 그들의 대사 산물의 고압 액체 크로마토그래피로 분석 하는 편리한 방법

멀티 주입-모 세관 전기 이동 법 질량 분석을 사용 하 여 높은 처리량 및 포괄적인 약물 감시

문신 잉크 성분 및 위조 제품의 식별을 위한 질량 분 광 탐지를 가진 2 단계 열 분해-가스 크로마토그래피 방법

빠른

LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS를 사용한 펜타닐 아날로그 스크리닝

LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS를 사용한 펜타닐 아날로그 스크리닝

LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS를 사용한 펜타닐 아날로그 스크리닝