Name: a western blotting protocol for small numbers of hematopoietic stem cells
Uploaded: 2018-08-22T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 45 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Western Blotting Protocol for Small Numbers of Hematopoietic Stem Cells at JoVE.com

국립 보건원 부여 R01 CA149976 (N.A.S)이이 작업을 지원 합니다.

모든 절차는 기관 동물 사용 및 관리 지침에 따라 수행 되어야 합니다. 절차 murine 조 혈 줄기와 조상 세포 (HSCs, HPs)의 분석을 위해 개발 되었다 그러나 다른 세포 인구의 분석을 위해 적응 시킬 수 있다.
1. 교류 Cytometry 절연 Murine HSCs 및 HPs의
<ol><li>문학6에 설명 된 대로 murine 골 수 세포를 수확. 참고: 그림 1 과 그림 2에 표시 하는 데이터에 골 C57BL/6J 쥐에서 수확 했다.</li>
	<li>제조업체의 지침에 따라 마우스 리니지 고갈 키트를 사용 하 여 골 수 세포의 계보 소모를 수행 합니다.</li>
	<li>설명7에 대 한 관심의 세포 표면 마커 항 체와 세포를 품 어. 그림 1 과 그림 2에 나와 실험에서 Sca 1, 키트, Flt3, 및 계보 (Lin) 마커 Mac1, Gr1, CD3e, B220, 그리고 Ter119 항 체 사용 됩니다.</li>
	<li>정렬 2000-20000 린- Sca1++ Flt3 키트- 세포 (HSCs) 또는 Lin-Sca1-키트+ 셀 (HPs) 0.1 mL의 인산 염을 포함 하는 1.5 mL Eppendorf 관에 버퍼링 2% 태아 소와 염 분 (PBS) 혈 청 (FBS)입니다. 참고: 그림 1 과 그림 2에 표시 된 데이터에 대 한 셀은 정렬 Flow Cytometer 70 µ M 노즐을 사용 하 여. 최대 컬렉션 볼륨 1.4 mL 이다입니다.</li>
</ol>2. 샘플 준비
참고:이 단계는 중요 한. 샘플을 매우 신중 하 게 처리 합니다. 제거는 상쾌한, 될 매우 셀 펠 렛을 방해 하지 않도록 주의 하십시오.
<ol><li>원심 분리기는 1.5 mL 튜브 4 ° C에서 진동 물통 회전자에서 정렬된 셀을 포함, 500 x g 5 셀에서 상쾌한의 약 100 µ L 제외한 모든 분 제거에 대 한 매우 부드럽게 사용 하는 피 펫 20 µ L 피펫으로 팁 작은. 펠 릿을 방해 하지 마십시오.<ol>
<li>샘플 미만 5, 000 셀이 포함 하는 경우 정렬 된 샘플의 총 볼륨은 0.2 mL 미만 전송 셀 먼저 낮은 바인딩 0.2 mL PCR 튜브 원심 분리 하기 전에.</li>
		<li>샘플 포함 된 경우 5, 000 개 미만의 세포 볼륨은 0.2 mL 이상, 5 분, 4 ° C, 500 x g에서 원심 분리기와 셀 아래로 회전 하 고는 상쾌한의 200 µ L를 제외한 모든 제거. 수송과 셀 상쾌한, 나머지 200 µ L에 다시 중단 다음 0.2 mL PCR 튜브에 세포를 전송 하 고 다시 아래로 회전. 두 번째 스핀 후 펠 릿에서 모든 하지만 20-30 µ L을 제거 하 고 다시 셀을 일시 중단.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>튜브에서 표면에 뜨는 왼쪽에 셀 resuspend 필요한 경우, 추가 추가 PBS 2 %FBS에서 / PBS (또한 2% 소 혈 청 알 부 민 (BSA)를 사용 하 여 / PBS, 또는 혼자 PBS) 농도 5를 x104 5 x 105 셀/mL. 참고: 셀 계산 사용 cytometry 셀을 일시 중단 하는 데 사용 하는 볼륨을 추정 하 여 수집.</li>
	<li>다시 일시 중단 된 셀의 2-5 µ L를 사용 하 여 (제조업체의 지침에 따라) 자동된 셀 카운터 또는 hemocytometer9를 사용 하 여 정확한 셀 농도 결정.</li>
	<li>다시 일시 중단 된 셀 원하는 새로운 1.5 mL 튜브에 세포 수를 포함 하는 볼륨을 전송. 그림1에서 실험, 2000, 1000, 500 HSCs 또는 HPs 전송 했다. 원하는 셀 수는 서쪽 오 점 하 여 얻은 신호 강도 의존 하 고 경험적으로 결정 됩니다. 20 µ L 또는 100 µ L Eppendorf 피 펫 팁을 사용 하 여 전송을 수행 합니다.</li>
	<li>5 분 500 x g, 4 ° C에서 진동 물통 회전자에 셀 원심</li>
	<li>재고 솔루션 x 100을 생성 하려면 제조업체의 지침에 따라 DMSO에 프로테아좀과 인산 가수분해 효소 억제제를 분해.</li>
	<li>증류수의 상응 하는 금액으로는 제조업체에서 제공 하는 4 x Laemmli 샘플 버퍼를 diluting 하 여 2 x Laemmli 샘플 버퍼를 준비 합니다. 프로테아좀과 인산 가수분해 효소 억제제 2 x Laemmli 샘플 버퍼에 2 x 억제제의 최종 농도를 100 배 재고의 적절 한 금액을 추가 합니다. 참고: 2 x Laemmli 샘플 버퍼는 사전에 만들 수 있습니다 하지만 프로테아좀 및 인산 가수분해 효소 억제제 다음 단계에 설명 된 대로 2 x Laemmli 샘플 버퍼 (더하기 억제제) 셀 펠 릿에는 세포를 lyse 추가 직전 추가 되어야 합니다.</li>
	<li>조심 스럽게 셀 펠 릿에서 그리고 셀 펠 릿으로 튜브에 남아 상쾌한은 상쾌한의 일부를 제거, 2 x Laemmli 샘플 버퍼 플러스 500의 최종 농도 달성 하기 위해 프로테아좀과 인산 가수분해 효소 억제제의 동일한 볼륨 추가 셀/1 x Laemmli 샘플 버퍼에 µ l 참고: 예를 들어 셀 (단계 2.6) 펠 릿에서 상쾌한의 18 µ L를 제거 해야 centrifuging 후 단계 2.5에서 튜브와 남아 상쾌한의 2 µ L 2000 셀 20 µ L의 전체 볼륨에 전송 하는 경우 추가의 동일한 볼륨 (2 µ L) 1 x Laemmli 샘플 버퍼에 500 세포 / µ L의 최종 농도 달성 하기 위해 Laemmli 샘플 버퍼 x 2.</li>
	<li>최대한 빨리 lysate를 생성 하는 펠 릿 resuspend 이 시점에서, 샘플을 즉시 SDS 페이지 젤를 통해 electrophoresed 수 또는 스냅 액체 N2 에서 냉동 고 수 미래 사용을 위한-80 ° C에 저장.</li>
</ol>3입니다. 전기 이동 법
<ol><li>95 ° C에서 열 블록 또는 끓는 물에 5 분 동안 lysates 열.</li>
	<li>SDS 페이지 젤 100V에서 표준 프로토콜10를 사용 하 여 통해 (20000 셀 해당 최대 500에서 포함) lysates의 1-40 µ L를 electrophorese. 참고: 젤으로 로드 lysate의 볼륨 바람직한 신호를 생성 하는 데 필요한 셀의 수에 의해 결정 되 고 관심, 그리고 항 체의 품질의 단백질의 풍부에 따라 달라 집니다. 그림 1에서 데이터 2000, 1000, 500 셀 등가물 lysate의 획득 했다. 우물의 폭 3 m m에 1.5 m m. 치아 수는 1.5 m m의 범위에 잘려야 한다 상용 빗에서가 위를 사용 하 여 넓은 이빨을 가진.</li>
</ol>4. 전송 및 차단
참고: 서쪽 오 점 표준 프로토콜11다음을 수행 합니다. 단계는 간단히 여기에 설명 된:
<ol><li>10 s, 다음 씻어 짧게 막으로 증류수에 대 한 메탄올을 가진 polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) 멤브레인을 pretreat.</li>
	<li>SDS 페이지 젤에서 전송 장치 제조업체에서 제공 하는 설명서의 지침에 따라 막 단백질을 전송.</li>
	<li>5% 소 혈 청 알 부 민 (BSA)에 PBST의 2 개 mL를 막 차단 전송, 다음 (0.1 %PBS 트윈) 표준 프로토콜11다음 4 ° C에서 하룻밤.</li>
</ol>5. 항 체 라벨
<ol><li>공급 업체에서 권장 하는 항 체 희석을 사용 하 여 4 ° C에서 하룻밤 통에 항 체를 막 품 어. 참고: 재료의 테이블에서 항 체, 우리 HSCs HPs와 해당 항 체 희석에 대 한 확인 한, 표시 됩니다. 항 체 라벨 표준 절차8를 사용 하 여 수행 합니다.</li>
</ol>6입니다. 감지
<ol><li>씻고 막 3 시간, 실 온에서 PBST에 각 세척에 대 일 분.</li>
	<li>실 온에서 1 분에 대 한 향상 된 화학 버퍼의 2 개 mL를 막 품 어. 다음 제조업체의 지침, 또는 autoradiography 필름과 필름 프로세서 이미징 시스템을 사용 하 여 신호를 감지 합니다.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Krutzik, P. O., Clutter, M. R., Nolan, G. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coordinate+analysis+of+murine+immune+cell+surface+markers+and+intracellular+phosphoproteins+by+flow+cytometry.">Coordinate analysis of murine immune cell surface markers and intracellular phosphoproteins by flow cytometry.</a> J Immunol. 175 (4), 2357-2365 (2005).</li><li>Du, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signaling+profiling+at+the+single-cell+level+identifies+a+distinct+signaling+signature+in+murine+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Signaling profiling at the single-cell level identifies a distinct signaling signature in murine hematopoietic stem cells.</a> Stem Cells. 30 (7), 1447-1454 (2012).</li><li>Signer, R. A., Magee, J. A., Salic, A., Morrison, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Haematopoietic+stem+cells+require+a+highly+regulated+protein+synthesis+rate.">Haematopoietic stem cells require a highly regulated protein synthesis rate.</a> Nature. 509 (7498), 49-54 (2014).</li><li>Wang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+differentiation+checkpoint+limits+hematopoietic+stem+cell+self-renewal+in+response+to+DNA+damage.">A differentiation checkpoint limits hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal in response to DNA damage.</a> Cell. 148 (5), 1001-1014 (2012).</li><li>Hoshii, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=mTORC1+is+essential+for+leukemia+propagation+but+not+stem+cell+self-renewal.">mTORC1 is essential for leukemia propagation but not stem cell self-renewal.</a> J Clin Invest. 122 (6), 2114-2129 (2012).</li><li>Signer, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+rate+of+protein+synthesis+in+hematopoietic+stem+cells+is+limited+partly+by+4E-BPs.">The rate of protein synthesis in hematopoietic stem cells is limited partly by 4E-BPs.</a> Genes Dev. 30 (15), 1698-1703 (2016).</li><li>Cai, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Runx1+deficiency+decreases+ribosome+biogenesis+and+confers+stress+resistance+to+hematopoietic+stem+and+progenitor+cells.">Runx1 deficiency decreases ribosome biogenesis and confers stress resistance to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. , (2015).</li><li>Loven, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Revisiting+global+gene+expression+analysis.">Revisiting global gene expression analysis.</a> Cell. 151 (3), 476-482 (2012).</li><li>JoVE Science Education Database. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+a+Hemoacytometer+to+Count+Cells.">Using a Hemoacytometer to Count Cells.</a> Basic Methods in Cellular and Molecular Biology. , (2017).</li><li>JoVE Science Education Database. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Separating+Protein+with+SDS-PAGE.">Separating Protein with SDS-PAGE.</a> Basic Methods in Cellular and Molecular Biology. , (2017).</li><li>JoVE Science Education Database. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Western+Blot.">The Western Blot.</a> Basic Methods in Cellular and Molecular Biology. , (2017).</li><li>Jackson, R. J., Hellen, C. U., Pestova, T. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mechanism+of+eukaryotic+translation+initiation+and+principles+of+its+regulation.">The mechanism of eukaryotic translation initiation and principles of its regulation.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 11 (2), 113-127 (2010).</li><li>Eaton, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+guide+to+modern+quantitative+fluorescent+western+blotting+with+troubleshooting+strategies.">A guide to modern quantitative fluorescent western blotting with troubleshooting strategies.</a> J Vis Exp. (93), e52099 (2014).</li></ol>

저자는 선언 하는 관심의 충돌이 있다.

서 부 럽 조직 또는 세포에 특정 단백질 및 신호 통로의 활성화를 탐지 하기 위한 일반적인 기술입니다. 작은 조정에 일반적으로 사용 되는 절차를 도입 하 여 정기적으로 15000 HSCs, 그리고 경우에 따라 몇 가지로 500 HSCs 15 다른 단백질 (자료 테이블)을 감지할 수 있었습니다. The most이 프로토콜의 중요 한 단계는: 1) 정확 하 게 계산 셀, 2) 튜브, 사이 전송의 수를 최소화 및 3) lysing Laemmli ?...

조 혈 줄기 세포 (HSCs)는 모든 혈액 계보를 야기할 수 있는 각자 경신 세포 이다. 그들은 생 화 확 적인 분석을 어려운 렌더링 골 수에서 비교적 드문 셀입니다. 접근 cytometry, 같은 희귀 세포 분석을 위한 적합 한 세포 표면 마커 및 세포내 단백질의 상대적인 양을 측정 하는 데 매우 유용 했습니다. 그러나, 항 체 접근을 사용 하 셀 permeabilization 절차의 사용을 필요로 하는 세포내 단백질의 분석 하 고 모든 세포 표면 epitopes 살아이 절차1,2. 또한, 다른 단백질 isoforms 또는 분열 제품을 구분 하는 항 체는 종종 cytometry, 사용할 수 없습니다 그리고 그러므로 조사 여전히 의존 서쪽 오 점 특정 유형의 분석.
세포 lysates의 서쪽 오 점 분석은 대부분 실험실에서 일상적인 절차입니다. 세포 세포 표면 분자의 epitopes를 유지 하는 기본 조건에서 순화 될 수 있다 그리고 세포 lysates 수 이후에 준비 하 고 분석 했다. 그러나, 서쪽에 의해 인구 오 점 드문 기본 셀에 단백질의 분석 euthanizing 충분 한 세포를 얻기 위해 동물의 많은 수를 요구할 수 있습니다. 여러 단계로 작은 조정 함으로써, 기존의 서쪽 더 럽 히 프로토콜 HSCs (관심사의 단백질에 따라 500-15000)의 상대적으로 작은 숫자에 단백질을 감지할 수 있었습니다. 조정 포함 셀, 셀 손실 최소화 하기 위해 튜브 사이 세포의 전송을 감소 셀 펠 릿을 신중 하 게 처리를 정확 하 게 계산 하 고 포함 프로테아좀 버퍼 lysing 집중 로드 셀의 정의 수 고 인산 가수분해 효소 억제제입니다. 많은 게시 된 보고서 포함 20000 이상의 HSCs3,,45,6,7; 얻은 서쪽 오 점 이 간단한 절차는 세포와 실험 동물 4와 40 배 사이 해당 데이터를 생성 하는 데 필요한 수를 줄일 것입니다. 프로토콜은 결과 셀 당 기준 보다는 내부 통제를 정상화 하도록 설계 되었습니다. 내부 컨트롤에 데이터 정규화는 간과 될 수 있는 단백질 수준에서 전반적인 감소의 검색 수 있습니다. 셀 당 기준 표준화의 중요성 유전자 표현 데이터8의 분석에 대 한 설명 했다 그리고 동일한 원리 서쪽 오 점 하 여 단백질을 측정에 적용 됩니다. 이 최적화 된 프로토콜은 세포의 작은 숫자를 분석할 필요가 누군가 위해 유용 해야 한다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP166-500</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>TEMED</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP150-20</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>30% Acrylamidel Bis solution</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1610158</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>1.5M Tris-HCl pH8.8</td><td>TEKNOVA</td><td>T1588</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>1.0M Tris-HCl pH6.8</td><td>TEKNOVA</td><td>T1068</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium Persulfate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP179-25</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>mini-protean 3 comb</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1653360</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>Mini-PROTEAN Tetra Cell</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1658005EDU</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>Transfer System</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1704155EDU</td><td>transfer</td></tr><tr><td>PowerPac HC Power Supply</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1645052EDU</td><td>electrophoresis</td></tr><tr><td>Imaging System</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1708195</td><td>signal detection</td></tr><tr><td>4x Laemmli Sample Buffer</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1610747EDU</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>10x Tris/Glycine/SDS Electrophoresis Buffer</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1610732EDU</td><td>electrophoresis</td></tr><tr><td>2-Mercaptoethanol</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1610710EDU</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>RTA Mini PVDF Transfer Kit, for 40 blots</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1704272</td><td>transfer</td></tr><tr><td>Protease Inhibitor Cocktail</td><td>Sigma</td><td>11697498001</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktailrs</td><td>Gold Biotechnology</td><td>GB-450-1</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>EIF4G</td><td>Cell signaling</td><td>2469</td><td>WB antibody, validated in 1000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): Fig2</td></tr><tr><td>p-Rps6</td><td>Cell signaling</td><td>4858</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 1000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): Fig2</td></tr><tr><td>actin(HRP conjugated)</td><td>abcam</td><td>ab49900</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 500 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:5000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): Fig1, Fig2</td></tr><tr><td>LC-3</td><td>Abcam</td><td>ab48394</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig5)</td></tr><tr><td>S6</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>2317</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig4)</td></tr><tr><td>4EBP1</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>9644</td><td>WB antibody, validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig4)</td></tr><tr><td>p-4EBP1</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>2855</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig4)</td></tr><tr><td>TSC2</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>4308</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig4)</td></tr><tr><td>HSP90</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>4877</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig5)</td></tr><tr><td>PTEN</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>9188</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (FigS1)</td></tr><tr><td>mTOR</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>2983</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (FigS1)</td></tr><tr><td>p-mTOR</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>5536</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (FigS1)</td></tr><tr><td>PP2AB</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>4953</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (FigS1)</td></tr><tr><td>p-AMPKa</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>2535</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (FigS1)</td></tr><tr><td>actin</td><td>Santa Cruz</td><td>sc-47778</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:3000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig4)</td></tr><tr><td>lineage depletion kit (mouse)</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-090-858</td><td>hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells purification</td></tr><tr><td>LS columns</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-041-305</td><td>hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells purification</td></tr><tr><td>SCF</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>250-03</td><td>phosphorylation stimulation</td></tr><tr><td>APC-Cy7 c-kit antibody</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>A15423</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>anti-B220</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>48-0452-82</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>anti-CD3e</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>48-0031-82</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>anti-Mac1</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>48-0112-82</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>anti-Gr1</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>48-5931-82</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>anti-Ter119</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>48-5921-82</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>Spacer Plates with 1.0 mm Integrated Spacers</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1653311</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>BSA</td><td>Research Products International</td><td>A30075</td><td>membrane blocking</td></tr><tr><td>serum</td><td>Atlanta Biologicals</td><td>A12450</td><td>medium supplement</td></tr><tr><td>cell counter</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>AMQAF1000</td><td>cell counting</td></tr><tr><td>hemocytometer</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>&amp;nbsp;S17040</td><td>cell counting</td></tr><tr><td>flim</td><td>Denville Scientific</td><td>E3012</td><td>signal detection</td></tr><tr><td>medical film processor</td><td>Konica</td><td>SRC-101A</td><td>signal detection</td></tr><tr><td>Supersignal West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate</td><td>Therom Scientific</td><td>34096</td><td>signal detection</td></tr><tr><td>Allegra X-15R Centrifuge (Rotor SX4750A)</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>X-15R</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>BLUEstain protein ladder</td><td>Gold Biotechnology</td><td>P007-500</td><td>electrophoresis</td></tr><tr><td>cell sorter</td><td>BD</td><td>FACSAria II</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>Incublock</td><td>Denville Scientific</td><td>I0510</td><td>electrophoresis</td></tr></tbody></table>

a western blotting protocol for small numbers of hematopoietic stem cells

조 혈 줄기 세포 (HSCs)는 드문 셀, 오래만 25000 ~ phenotypic 포함 된 마우스 골 수와 함께 다시 채우기 HSCs 용어. 서쪽 더 럽 히 프로토콜 최적화 되었고 HSCs (500-15000 셀)의 작은 숫자의 분석에 적합 합니다. Phenotypic HSCs 정화, 정확 하 게 계산, 고 직접 Laemmli 샘플 버퍼에서 lysed. Lysates 셀의 동등한 숫자를 포함 하는 나트륨 라우릴 황산 염의 polyacrylamide 젤 전기 이동 법 (SDS 페이지)에 의해 분석 되었다 오 점 준비 하 고 더럽혀 프로토콜 표준 서에 따라 처리. 이 프로토콜, 2000-5000를 사용 하 여 HSCs는 정기적으로 분석 될 수 있다, 그리고 어떤 경우에 데이터는 몇 가지 대부분의 출판물에 20000 ~ 40, 000 셀에 비해 500 셀으로에서 얻을 수 있습니다. 이 프로토콜 다른 조 혈 모 세포에 일반적으로 적용 되 고 표준 실험실 절차를 사용 하 여 셀의 작은 숫자의 일상적인 분석을 수 있습니다.

500-2000 순화 HSCs와 HPs에서 대표적인 결과 그림 1 과 그림 2에 표시 됩니다. 그림 1 에서 β-말라 신호에서 몇 가지 500 HSCs로 검출 될 수 있다 고 HPs 한 마우스의 골 수에서 정화. Note는 3.0 m m 우물에 로드 보다 500 HPs에서 훨씬 더 강력한 신호 생산 로드는 lysates 1.5 m m 우물. 그림 2 은 EIF4G의 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Western Blotting Protocol for Small Numbers of Hematopoietic Stem Cells at JoVE.com

A Western Blotting Protocol for Small Numbers of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

프로토콜 blotting 표준 서 500 조 혈 줄기 또는 조상 세포로 몇 가지 분석을 위해 최적화 되었다. 최적화 포함 셀 샘플의 처리, 튜브, 사이 전송 제한 및 직접 Laemmli 샘플 버퍼에 세포를 lysing 주의 한다.

조 혈 줄기 세포의 작은 숫자에 대 한 프로토콜을 더럽혀 서 부

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare cells, with the mouse bone marrow containing only ~25,000 phenotypic long term repopulating HSCs. A Western ...

a-western-blotting-protocol-for-small-numbers-hematopoietic-stem

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

10.3K 조회수.  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. 프로토콜 blotting 표준 서 500 조 혈 줄기 또는 조상 세포로 몇 가지 분석을 위해 최적화 되었다. 최적화 포함 셀 샘플의 처리, 튜브, 사이 전송 제한 및 직접 Laemmli 샘플 버퍼에 세포를 lysing 주의 한다.

비디오: A Western Blotting Protocol for Small Numbers of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs

I am Christina Ceso. I am a postdoc in David's Den lab and I work on the hematopoietic stem cells. Today we are going to purify long-term recuperating hematopoietic stem cells and we'll transplant them into a mouse.We start by spraying the mice with alcohol so that first of all, the mind starts sterilized and also the hair doesn't interfere with the dissection. We use PBS with 2%serum for the dissection. I cut the back skin and I pull the skin apart in order to expose the tissue.In order to isolate the tibia, I hold the tibia with tweezers. I cut the tendon on top of the knee and I cut the muscles below the knee and after that I cut through the knee so that the TBI is not connected to the rest of the limb anymore and I pull in order to isolate it. I then hold the TB upside down and with the scissors I separate the foot from the tibia In order to obtain the femur.I cut the muscles around the femur and then I dislocate the femur from the hip. In order to isolate the hip, I cut the muscle around the hip bone on the side of the tail of the mouse and then I pull the hip away from the body of the mouth In order to isolate the spine. I cut through the tail as close as I can to the beginning of the back and then I cut on the two sides of the spine and below the spine, trying to stay as close as possible to the spine so that the peritoneum is not cut and the intestine is left untouched.A first round of cleaning of the bones is done with a scalpel, which is used to scrape the bone, the muscles away from the bone. The scalpel is good to clean the femurs, the hip and the spine. In order to clean the tibia, I hold them with forceps and I use the forceps to remove as much tissue as possible.A second round of cleaning is done using clean wipe to completely clean the bones outta the muscle, and I use the F wipe to clean the tibia, the femurs and the hips. So this is how bones look. After cleaning, I prefer 50 amount tubes with filters on top and I transfer the bones into the mortar.I add the section media and I crush the bones ask of the first round of crashing of the bones. I piped the mixture in order to release as many styles as possible into solution and reduce clumps. I transferred the mixture on the tubes through the filters and this is what the bone fragments look like after the first round of crushing.So I add more dissection medium to the bone fragments and I flash them again. I transferred the seline mixture to the tubes through the filters and at this point the remaining bone fragments are white and there is no bone marrow left. The tubes are filled with PBS 2%serum and in order to have them all with the same weight so that they're balanced in the centrifuge, but also in order to wash the filters so that we obtain as many cells as possible, I then centrifuge the cell mixture and after centrifugation, the palt includes the bone marrow cells.I aspirate the medium and I move back and forward the tube on the rack so that the pelle is becomes loose and fewer clamps are formed. When I add medium, at this point I add one ml of medium per tube and I ics since I'm sorting hematopoietic stem cells. Later on, I'm going to store an ALI output of total bone marrow sizes at this point, which I will use later for the fact single color control.I add lineage antibody cocktail. I ordered the samples to mix them well and I invaded four degrees for 15 minutes. In the meantime, I start preparing the columns for the lineage division.I put the columns on the magnet and I prepare Ian tubes under the columns. I also prepared the gas PBS using aster flip filter and attaching it to the vacuum so that all the bubbles of air move in the top part of the filter. I then add three ml of the gas DBS to each column in order for the column to become wet.After the incubation with the antibodies, I add medium to the cell samples and I centrifuge them in order to remove the excess of antibodies. After the centrifugation, the stain cells are in the pallet. I aspirate the medium and I suspend the pallet in one mile of the gas PBSI Add the strip tab beans, I mix the cells and I incubate for 15 minutes at four degrees.After the incubation, I put new elucian tubes under the columns. I add two ml of PBS to each tube with the cells and I transferred the cell mixture to the column through a 40 micron filter. I wash the tubes with more medium in order to collect all the cells remaining and I apply the remaining medium through the filters to the columns.The progenitor cells lineage low are alluded into the collection views. I pulled the luted samples and I sent tofu them. So after the centrifugation, the depleted cells are in a white pate.I aspirate the medium and re suspend the cells. I store an adequate of the depleted cells and I add the antibodies to the cell mixture for the sorting and also to all the single color controls. The antibodies are incubated in that with the size for 15 minutes in the fridge.After the ation, I add medium to the cells and and centrifuge them to remove the ex excess of antibodies. After the centrifugation, the cells are in the pt, I aspirate the media that I suspend the cells and I transfer the cells into fox tubes with a blue filter. At this point, the cells are ready to be sorted.I place, I place the mouse under a heating lamp for a few minutes so that the veins dilate and they are more easily seen. When preparing the syringe, you have to be careful to eliminate all the bubbles from the, the mixture that is in the syringe and then you bend the needle at 90 degrees. I put the mouse under a glass cup with a weight on top so that it can run away.I sterilize the tail with the alcohol pad so that the site of injection is sterile, but also it's easier to identify the vein. If you look at the tail of the mouse from the top in the middle and top of the tail, there is an artery while on the two sides there are the two veins and we inject the cells in one of the two veins. I insert the needle into the vein and I inject following injection.It is to wait for a couple of seconds before removing the needle, the needle, and after that I clean the side of injection. This is a representation of the syringe with the ben needle bent at 90 degrees with the knee, the at this ankle compared to the tail, which makes the injection the easiest. When you injecting the tail of the mouse, you have to keep in mind that the tail vein is extremely superficial, so really this is the orientation of the needle compared to the tail.And it looks like you will just keep sliding on top of the tail, but actually you will get into the tail then. I am Christina Ceso. I am a post in David Kaden lab, and I work on the hematopoietic stem cells.I usually use for animals to start with, and I had more variability at the beginning, but once you become consistent with your methods, I consistently get about 50, 000 to 60, 000 stem cells out for mice. I did my PhD in London with Dr.Fiona Wat working on derma stem cells. After that, I just wanted to have a wider knowledge of adult stem cells in various tissues, and so I decided to move to David Kaden lab to work on hematopoietic stem cells, mainly because the things that are known about hematopoietic stem cells are the things that are not known for the epidermic stem cells and a number of assays that can be done with epi.Epidermal stem cells are not really done yet with the hematopoietic stem cells, and so at this point I'm trying to put together the, the knowledge from the two different fields and ultimately I'm interested in the study of the mechanism to regulate adult tissue sensors in general, so not just the epidermis or the stem cells, but also different tissues because there are, there are similar mechanism that is, it's always the same genes that are involved in the regulation that just interact with each other in different ways, and it's just interesting to understand what makes each stem cell be a stem, but then ultimately a stem cell in a different tissue. So giving rise to a different protein.

분리 및 조혈 줄기 세포의 이식 (HSCs)

연구

생물학

Detection of Residual Donor Erythroid Progenitor Cells after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Hemoglobinopathies

The presence of incomplete chimerism is noted in a large proportion of patients following bone marrow transplant for thalassemia major or sickle cell disease. This observation has tremendous implications, as subsequent therapeutic immunomodulation strategies can improve clinical outcome. Conventionally, polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of short tandem repeats is used to identify chimerism in donor-derived blood cells. However, this method is restricted to nucleated cells and cannot distinguish between dissociated single-cell lineages. We applied the analysis of short tandem repeats to flow cytometric-sorted hematopoietic progenitor cells and compared this with the analysis of short tandem repeats obtained from selected burst-forming unit - erythroid colonies, both collected from the bone marrow. With this method we are able to demonstrate the different proliferation and differentiation of donor cells in the erythroid compartment. This technique is eligible to complete current monitoring of chimerism in the stem cell transplant setting and thus may be applied in future clinical studies, stem cell research and design of gene therapy trials.

Quantification of donor-derived cells is required to monitor engraftment after stem cell transplantation in patients with hemoglobinopathies. A combination of flow cytometry-based cell sorting, colony formation assay, and subsequent analysis of short tandem repeats may be used to assess the proliferation and differentiation of progenitors in the erythroid compartment.

Hemoglobinopathies 환자에 대 한 조 혈 줄기 세포 이식 후 잔여 기증자 Erythroid 조상 세포의 검출

The presence of incomplete chimerism is noted in a large proportion of patients following bone marrow transplant for thalassemia major or sickle cell ...

발생학

Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Progenitor Cell Metabolism

Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) have distinct metabolic plasticity, which allows them to transition from their quiescent state to a differentiation state to sustain demands of the blood formation. However, it has been difficult to analyze the metabolic status (mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis) of HSPCs due to their limited numbers and lack of optimized protocols for non-adherent, fragile HSPCs. Here, we provide a set of clear, step-by-step instructions to measure metabolic respiration (oxygen consumption rate; OCR) and glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate; ECAR) of murine bone marrow-LineagenegSca1+c-Kit+ (LSK) HSPCs. This protocol provides a higher amount of LSK HSPCs from murine bone marrow, improves the viability of HSPCs during incubation, facilitates extracellular flux analyses of non-adherent HSPCs, and provides optimized injection protocols (concentration and time) for drugs targeting oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic pathways. This method enables the prediction of the metabolic status and the health of HSPCs during blood development and diseases.

Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) transition from a quiescent state to a differentiation state due to their metabolic plasticity during blood formation. Here, we present an optimized method for measuring mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of HSPCs.

조혈 줄기 선조 세포 대사 분석

Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) have distinct metabolic plasticity, which allows them to transition from their quiescent state to a ...

A Culture Method to Maintain Quiescent Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), like other mammalian HSCs, maintain lifelong hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. HSCs remain quiescent in vivo, unlike more differentiated progenitors, and enter the cell cycle rapidly after chemotherapy or irradiation to treat bone marrow injury or in vitro culture. By mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment in the presence of abundant fatty acids, cholesterol, low concentration of cytokines, and hypoxia, human HSCs maintain quiescence in vitro. Here, a detailed protocol for maintaining functional HSCs in the quiescent state in vitro is described. This method will enable studies of the behavior of human HSCs under physiological conditions.

This protocol enables the maintenance of quiescent human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro by mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment using abundant fatty acids, cholesterol, lower concentrations of cytokines, and hypoxia.

정지 인간 조혈 줄기 세포를 유지하는 배양 방법

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), like other mammalian HSCs, maintain lifelong hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. HSCs remain quiescent in vivo, ...

생체공학

Simultaneous Assessment of Kinship, Division Number, and Phenotype via Flow Cytometry for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Few techniques can assess phenotype and fate for the same cell simultaneously. Most of the current protocols used to characterize phenotype, although able to generate large datasets, necessitate the destruction of the cell of interest, making it impossible to assess its functional fate. Heterogeneous biological differentiating systems like hematopoiesis are therefore difficult to describe. Building on cell division tracking dyes, we further developed a protocol to simultaneously determine kinship, division number, and differentiation status for many single hematopoietic progenitors. This protocol allows the assessment of the ex vivo differentiation potential of murine and human hematopoietic progenitors, isolated from various biological sources. Moreover, as it is based on flow cytometry and a limited number of reagents, it can quickly generate a large amount of data, at the single-cell level, in a relatively inexpensive manner. We also provide the analytical pipeline for single-cell analysis, combined with a robust statistical framework. As this protocol allows the linking of cell division and differentiation at the single-cell level, it can be used to quantitatively assess symmetric and asymmetric fate commitment, the balance between self-renewal and differentiation, and the number of divisions for a given commitment fate. Altogether, this protocol can be used in experimental designs aiming to unravel the biological differences between hematopoietic progenitors, from a single-cell perspective.

Simultaneous Assessment of Kinship, Division Number, and Phenotype via Flow Cytometry for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Presented here is a flow cytometry-based technique that allows for simultaneously measuring the number of cell divisions, surface cell phenotype, and cellular kinship. Those properties can be tested statistically using a permutation-based framework.

조혈 줄기 및 전구 세포에 대한 유세포 분석을 통한 친족, 분열 수 및 표현형의 동시 평가

Few techniques can assess phenotype and fate for the same cell simultaneously. Most of the current protocols used to characterize phenotype, although able ...

면역학 및 감염병학

An Alternative Approach for Sample Preparation with Low Cell Number for TEM Analysis

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides details of the cellular organization and ultrastructure. However, TEM analysis of rare cell populations, especially cells in suspension such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), remains limited due to the requirement of a high cell number during sample preparation. There are a few cytospin or monolayer approaches for TEM analysis from scarce samples, but these approaches fail to get significant quantitative data from the limited number of cells. Here, an alternative and novel approach for sample preparation in TEM studies is described for rare cell populations that enables quantitative analysis.
A relatively low cell number, i.e., 10,000 HSCs, was successfully used for TEM analysis compared to the millions of cells typically used for TEM studies. In particular, Evans blue staining was performed after paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde (PFA-GA) fixation to visualize the tiny cell pellet, which facilitated embedding in agarose. Clusters of numerous cells were observed in ultra-thin sections. The cells had a well preserved morphology, and the ultra-structural details of the Golgi complex and several mitochondria were visible. This efficient, easy and reproducible protocol allows sample preparation from a low cell number and can be used for qualitative and quantitative TEM analysis on rare cell populations from limited biological samples.

Here, we present a protocol to prepare samples with low cell numbers for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.

TEM 분석을위한 낮은 셀 번호와 샘플 준비를위한 다른 방법

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides details of the cellular organization and ultrastructure. However, TEM analysis of rare cell populations, ...

Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry

A fine balance of quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation is key to preserve the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool and maintain lifelong production of all mature blood cells. In recent years cellular metabolism has emerged as a crucial regulator of HSC function and fate. We have previously demonstrated that modulation of mitochondrial metabolism influences HSC fate. Specifically, by chemically uncoupling the electron transport chain we were able to maintain HSC function in culture conditions that normally induce rapid differentiation. However, limiting HSC numbers often precludes the use of standard assays to measure HSC metabolism and therefore predict their function. Here, we report a simple flow cytometry assay that allows reliable measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial mass in scarce cells such as HSCs. We discuss the isolation of HSCs from mouse bone marrow and measurement of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential post ex vivo culture. As an example, we show the modulation of these parameters in HSCs via treatment with a metabolic modulator. Moreover, we extend the application of this methodology on human peripheral blood-derived T cells and human tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), showing dramatic differences in their mitochondrial profiles, possibly reflecting different T cell functionality. We believe this assay can be employed in screenings to identify modulators of mitochondrial metabolism in various cell types in different contexts.

Here we describe a reliable method to measure mitochondrial mass and membrane potential in ex vivo cultured hematopoietic stem cells and T cells.

유세포측정에 의한 조혈줄기세포 및 T세포의 미토콘드리아 질량 및 막 전위 측정

A fine balance of quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation is key to preserve the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool and maintain lifelong production ...

Assessment of Cellular Bioenergetics in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem and Primitive Progenitor Cells using the Extracellular Flux Analyzer

Under steady state, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain largely quiescent and are believed to be predominantly reliant on glycolysis to meet their energetic needs. However, under stress conditions such as infection or blood loss, HSCs become proliferative and rapidly produce downstream progenitor cells, which in turn further differentiate, ultimately producing mature blood cells. During this transition and differentiation process, HSCs exit from quiescence and rapidly undergo a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OxPHOS). Various stress conditions, such as aging, cancer, diabetes, and obesity, can negatively impact mitochondrial function and thus can alter the metabolic reprogramming and differentiation of HSCs and progenitors during hematopoiesis. Valuable insights into glycolytic and mitochondrial functions of HSCs and progenitors under normal and stress conditions can be gained through the assessment of their extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which are indicators of cellular glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, respectively. 
Here, a detailed protocol is provided to measure ECAR and OCR in mouse bone marrow-derived lineage-negative cell populations, which include both hematopoietic stem and primitive progenitor cells (HSPCs), using the extracellular flux analyzer. This protocol describes approaches to isolate lineage-negative cells from mouse bone marrow, explains optimization of cell seeding density and concentrations of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG, a glucose analog that inhibits glycolysis) and various OxPHOS-targeted drugs (oligomycin, FCCP, rotenone, and antimycin A) used in these assays, and describes drug treatment strategies. Key parameters of glycolytic flux, such as glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, and glycolytic reserve, and OxPHOS parameters, such as basal respiration, maximal respiration, proton leak, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity, and coupling efficiency, can be measured in these assays. This protocol allows ECAR and OCR measurements on non-adherent HSPCs and can be generalized to optimize analysis conditions for any type of suspension cells.

The method presented here summarizes optimized protocols for assessing cellular bioenergetics in non-adherent mouse hematopoietic stem and primitive progenitor cells (HSPCs) using the extracellular flux analyzer to measure the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of HSPCs in real time.

세포외 플럭스 분석기를 사용한 마우스 조혈 줄기 및 원시 전구 세포의 세포 생체 에너지 평가

Under steady state, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain largely quiescent and are believed to be predominantly reliant on glycolysis to meet their ...

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Stromal Niche Cells

The bone marrow (BM) is the soft tissue found within bones where hematopoiesis, the process by which new blood cells are generated, primarily occurs. As such, it contains hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as supporting stromal cells that contribute to the maintenance and regulation of HSPCs. Hematological and other BM disorders disrupt hematopoiesis by affecting hematopoietic cells directly and/or through the alteration of the BM niche. Here, we describe a method to study hematopoiesis in health and malignancy through the phenotypic analysis of murine BM HSPCs and stromal niche populations by flow cytometry. Our method details the required steps to enrich BM cells in endosteal and central BM fractions, as well as the appropriate gating strategies to identify the two key niche cell types involved in HSPC regulation, endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The phenotypic analysis proposed here may be combined with mouse mutants, disease models, and functional assays to characterize the HSPC compartment and its niche.

Here, we describe a simple protocol for the isolation and staining of murine bone marrow cells to phenotype hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells along with the supporting niche endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells. A method to enrich cells located in endosteal and central bone marrow areas is also included.

The bone marrow (BM) is the soft tissue found within bones where hematopoiesis, the process by which new blood cells are generated, primarily occurs. As ...

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential are generally regarded as the defining characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, numerous studies have suggested that functional heterogeneity exists in the HSC compartment. Recent single-cell analyses have reported HSC clones with different cell fates within the HSC compartment, which are referred to as biased HSC clones. The mechanisms underlying heterogeneous or poorly reproducible results are little understood, especially regarding the length of self-renewal when purified HSC fractions are transplanted by conventional immunostaining. Therefore, establishing a reproducible isolation method for long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) and short-term HSCs (ST-HSCs),&#160;defined by the length of their self-renewal, is crucial for overcoming this issue. Using unbiased multi-step screening, we identified a transcription factor, Hoxb5, which may be an exclusive marker of LT-HSCs in the mouse hematopoietic system. Based on this finding, we established a Hoxb5 reporter mouse line and successfully isolated LT-HSCs and ST-HSCs. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the isolation of LT-HSCs and ST-HSCs using the Hoxb5 reporter system. This isolation method will help researchers better understand the mechanisms of self-renewal and the biological basis for such heterogeneity in the HSC compartment.

We present a step-by-step protocol for the isolation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) and short-term HSCs (ST-HSCs) using the Hoxb5 reporter system.

장기 및 단기 조혈모세포의 분리 방법

Self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential are generally regarded as the defining characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells ...