Name: air-sampled filter analysis for endotoxins and dna content
Uploaded: 2016-03-07T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 16 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Air-sampled Filter Analysis for Endotoxins and DNA Content at JoVE.com

The authors thank Dr. Yoav Barak from the Chemistry Faculty, Weizmann Institute, for support and advice. This study was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant # 913/12), and by the Minerva Foundation with funding from the Federal German Ministry for Education and Research.

<ol>
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The authors have nothing to disclose.

이 작품은 필터에 수집 된 에어로졸 샘플에서 독소와 DNA의 존재를 모두 정량 추출 및 검출 방법을 설명합니다. 정확한 방법은 루틴을 필요로 한 실험자 여기서 설명한 몇몇 필수적인 중요한 점 접착 쉽게 수행 될 수있다. 독소 검출 단계, 파쇄 용액은 매우 점성과 피펫에 버블을 생성하는 경향이 있습니다. 너를 거품 제거하기 곤란하며, 이들은 마이크로 플레이트 리더 값의 ?...

필터에 공기 샘플링 대기 에어로졸 연구에서 기본적인 도구이다. 한 샘플링 필터는 다양한 화학적, 물리적, 및 수집 된 주변 입자의 생물학적 특성화를위한 시작점이다. 2-11이 방법의 장점은 여러 가지 분석 될 수 있다는 동일한 샘플에 오프라인으로 수행. 연구원을 모든 다른 분석에서 데이터를 가능하게 컴파일하면 대기 과학 분야의 복잡한 문제 해결에 수집 된 입자와 보조기구의 특성을 잘 이해를 얻을. 12, 13 예를 들어, 해양 및 내륙 공기 샘플은 같은 기간 동안 촬영 기간이 연구 샘플링 입자 독성 생물 조성물. (14)에 대해 비교 될 수 있으며, 리포 폴리 사카 라이드 (LPS), 또한 내 독소라고도 그람 음성 박테리아 세포 벽의 성분은 육상과 샘플링 필터로부터 추출 된 내륙 사이트 및 사용하여 평가 하였다물러 amebocyte 용 해물 (LAL) 테스트. 병행하여, 박테리아 게놈 콘텐츠 평가 (총 세균, 그램 네거티브 및 시아 노 박테리아) 정량 중합 효소 연쇄 반응 (Q-PCR)을 사용하여 동일한 샘플상에서 수행 하였다. LAL 시험 독소를 함유하는 수용액에, 참게, 물러의 polyphemus에서 amebocytes의 수성 추출물을 첨가 한 다음에 형성 탁도 측정에 기초한다. 샘플에서 높은 내 독소 농도는 빠른 탁도 발생한다. 15 Q-PCR 분석은 특정한 DNA 단편을 증폭으로 방출 형광 신호에 기초한다. (16) 신호의 실시간 모니터링함으로써 PCR의 지수 단계 표준 곡선과의 반응 및 교정은 초기 DNA 량을 정량 할 수있다. 이 두 가지의 조합은 다른 설명 된대로, 14 및 독소의 레벨의 양호한 추정을 제공 할 수있는 다른 사람들과 함께 분석샘플 소스 박테리아의 양. 여기에 제시된 방법의 목적은 필터로부터 추출한 생체 에어로졸 독소 및 DNA 콘텐츠 매우 정확하고 신뢰성있는 분석을 얻을 수있다. 에어로졸의 물리적 및 무기 화학 특성을 샘플링하는 방법은,보다 최근에 방법이 그 유기물 성분을 조사하기 위해 개발 된 공지되어 있지만,도 17은 에어로졸의 생물학적 성분에 부족한 연구되고있다. (18)는 현재의 근거 방법은 구체적으로, 추출 분석 및 공기 에어로졸 생물학적 부분을 식별하기위한 강력한 방법을 제공함으로써이 갭을 해결하는 것이다. (14) 여기에 설명 된 방법은 필터의 분석을 포함하는 생물학적 실내 및 실외 에어로졸 연구 프로젝트에 대폭적인 사용을 찾을 것으로 예상된다. 20-24

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Filter sampling&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HiVol 3000 - High Volume Air Sampler</td><td>Ecotech</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Quartz Microfiber Filters</td><td>Whatman</td><td>1851-865</td><td>203 mm x 254 mm</td></tr><tr><td>ELF - Laboratory Chamber Furnaces</td><td>Carbolite</td><td>ELF 11series</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum foil</td><td>Opal</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Endotoxin&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>16368&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Laboratory Reagent, 96%</td></tr><tr><td>Airstream Class II Biological Safety Cabinet AC-4E1</td><td>ESCO</td><td>10011712</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pyrotell -T</td><td>Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.</td><td>T0051</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Control Standard Endotoxin</td><td>Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.</td><td>E0005-1</td><td>&lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;O113:H10, 0.5 &amp;micro;g/vial 1 Pack</td></tr><tr><td>LAL Reagent Water</td><td>Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.</td><td>W0051</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 ml sterile syringe with Luer-Lok Tip</td><td>Becton-Dickinson &amp;amp; Co.</td><td>309605</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD Precisionglide syringe needle</td><td>Becton-Dickinson &amp;amp; Co.</td><td>305129</td><td>Sterile&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Parafilm-M sealing tape</td><td>Parafilm</td><td>P7543</td><td>Sigma catalog number</td></tr><tr><td>Microtubes</td><td>Axigen</td><td>MCT-200-C</td><td>2 ml, pyrogen free</td></tr><tr><td>1.12 cm diameter Cork Borer</td><td>Boekel Scientific</td><td>1601 BD Series - Steel</td><td>Part of a cork borer set containing borers with various diameters.&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>50 mm Petri Dish</td><td>Miniplast Ein-Shemer</td><td>72050-01</td><td>Aseptic</td></tr><tr><td>Vortex Genie 2&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Scientific Industries, inc.</td><td>SI-0297</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microcentrifuge 5415 D</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>22621408</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TC MicroWell 96 F SI w/lid</td><td>Nunc</td><td>167008</td><td>Flat bottom wells (with lid (individually wrapped)), sterile, pyrogen free</td></tr><tr><td>Synergy HT Multi-Detection Microplate Reader</td><td>Biotek</td><td>7091000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;DNA&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DNA away</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>7010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Standard DNA of the microbial species of interest</td><td>ATCC or other culture collection</td><td></td><td>Either the appropriate microbial strain for DNA extraction or the extracted DNA</td></tr><tr><td>Neubauer-improved</td><td>Marienfeld</td><td>640030</td><td>hemocytometer</td></tr><tr><td>TE buffer, Low EDTA</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>12090-015</td><td>10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0)&amp;nbsp;0.1 mM EDTA&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Nuclease-free PCR-grade water&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>3315959001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PCR primers</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td>Targets the microbial species of interest</td></tr><tr><td>Dual-Labeled Probes</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td>Targets the microbial species of interest</td></tr><tr><td>Screw cap tubes</td><td>Axigen</td><td>ST-200-SS</td><td>2 ml&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>PowerSoil DNA extraction kit&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Mo Bio Laboratories</td><td>12888-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass beads, acid-washed 425-600 &amp;micro;m</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>G8772-100G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass beads, acid-washed &amp;lt;106 &amp;micro;m</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>G4649-100G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PowerSoil Solution C1</td><td>Mo Bio Laboratories</td><td>12888-100-1</td><td>Cell lysis buffer , Power soil Kit</td></tr><tr><td>Magic Touch ice bucket</td><td>Bel-Art</td><td>18848-4001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mini-Beadbeater-16</td><td>BioSpec</td><td>607EUR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System</td><td>Applied Biosystems</td><td>4376600</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fast SYBR Green Master Mix</td><td>Applied Biosystems</td><td>4385612</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TaqMan Gene Expression Master Mix</td><td>Applied Biosystems</td><td>4370048</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MicroAmp Fast Optical 96-Well Reaction Plate with Barcode, 0.1 ml</td><td>Applied Biosystems</td><td>4346906</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MicroAmp Splash-Free 96-Well Base</td><td>Applied Biosystems</td><td>4312063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MicroAmp Optical Adhesive Film</td><td>Applied Biosystems</td><td>4311971</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge 5810 R</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>5811 000.010</td><td>Rotor A-4-62 with MTP buckets&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

air-sampled filter analysis for endotoxins and dna content

야외 에어로졸 연구는 일반적으로 필터에 샘플링 된 입자상 물질을 사용합니다. 이 절차는 수집 된 입자의 다양한 특성 분석이 병렬로 수행 될 수있다. 여기에 제시된 방법의 목적은 필터로부터 추출한 생체 에어로졸 독소 및 DNA 콘텐츠 매우 정확하고 신뢰성있는 분석을 얻을 수있다. 샘플링 필터와 리포 폴리 사카 라이드와 같은 고 분자량의 유기 분자의 추출은 발열원이없는 수성 매질에서 샘플을 진동하는 것을 포함한다. 후속 분석을 혼탁도 측정을 이용하여 검출 할 수 효소 반응에 기초한다. 샘플링 필터에 대한 높은 유기 함량의 결과로서, 샘플의 DNA의 추출은 원래의 토양에 대한 설계 DNA 수율을 개선하기 위해 수정 된 상업적인 DNA 추출 키트를 사용하여 수행된다. 검출 및 정량 중합 효소 연쇄를 Reacti를 이용하여 특정 종의 미생물 정량(Q-PCR) 분석 기술 및 사용 가능한 다른 방법과 비교된다.

그것은 &quot;오프라인&quot;샘플링 필터를 분석을 사용하여 대기 에어로졸을 학습하는 것이 일반적이다 (도 2 참조). (32) 화학 샘플링없이 유기 (예 : 단백질, 탄화수소 분자 당) 및 무기 (예를 들어 금속 염)을 포함하는 콘텐츠 분석 . 생물학적 분석 가능한 비 생존 미생물 함량 DNA 방법 또는 현미경을 사용하여 종 식별뿐만 아니라 기반 DNA 정...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Air-sampled Filter Analysis for Endotoxins and DNA Content at JoVE.com

Air-sampled Filter Analysis for Endotoxins and DNA Content

Two complementary analyses of atmospheric biological particles from air sampled filters are described herein: the extraction and detection of endotoxin, and of DNA.

독소와 DNA 내용에 대한 공기 샘플링 필터 분석

Outdoor aerosol research commonly uses particulate matter sampled on filters. This procedure enables various characterizations of the collected particles ...

air-sampled-filter-analysis-for-endotoxins-and-dna-content

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

9.6K 조회수.  Weizmann Institute of Science. Two complementary analyses of atmospheric biological particles from air sampled filters are described herein: the extraction and detection of endotoxin, and of DNA.

비디오: Air-sampled Filter Analysis for Endotoxins and DNA Content

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major cell surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, deposited on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane bilayer. LPS can be subdivided into three domains: the distal O-polysaccharide, a core oligosaccharide, and the lipid A domain consisting of a lipid A molecular species and 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid residues (Kdo). The lipid A domain is the only component essential for bacterial cell survival. Following its synthesis, lipid A is chemically modified in response to environmental stresses such as pH or temperature, to promote resistance to antibiotic compounds, and to evade recognition by mediators of the host innate immune response. The following protocol details the small- and large-scale isolation of lipid A from gram-negative bacteria. Isolated material is then chemically characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) or mass-spectrometry (MS). In addition to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS, we also describe tandem MS protocols for analyzing lipid A molecular species using electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to collision induced dissociation (CID) and newly employed ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) methods. Our MS protocols allow for unequivocal determination of chemical structure, paramount to characterization of lipid A molecules that contain unique or novel chemical modifications. We also describe the radioisotopic labeling, and subsequent isolation, of lipid A from bacterial cells for analysis by TLC. Relative to MS-based protocols, TLC provides a more economical and rapid characterization method, but cannot be used to unambiguously assign lipid A chemical structures without the use of standards of known chemical structure. Over the last two decades isolation and characterization of lipid A has led to numerous exciting discoveries that have improved our understanding of the physiology of gram-negative bacteria, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, the human innate immune response, and have provided many new targets in the development of antibacterial compounds.

Isolation and characterization of the lipid A domain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria provides insight into cell surface based mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, bacterial survival and fitness, and how chemically diverse lipid A molecular species differentially modulate host innate immune responses.

그람 음성 박테리아에서 분리 및 지질의 화학 특성

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major cell surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, deposited on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane bilayer. LPS ...

연구

화학

Use of a Filter Cartridge for Filtration of Water Samples and Extraction of Environmental DNA

Recent studies demonstrated the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) from fishes to be appropriate as a non-invasive monitoring tool. Most of these studies employed disk fiber filters to collect eDNA from water samples, although a number of microbial studies in aquatic environments have employed filter cartridges, because the cartridge has the advantage of accommodating large water volumes and of overall ease of use. Here we provide a protocol for filtration of water samples using the filter cartridge and extraction of eDNA from the filter without having to cut open the housing. The main portions of this protocol consists of 1) filtration of water samples (water volumes &#8804;4 L or &gt;4 L); (2) extraction of DNA on the filter using a roller shaker placed in a preheated incubator; and (3) purification of DNA using a commercial kit. With the use of this and previously-used protocols, we perform metabarcoding analysis of eDNA taken from a huge aquarium tank (7,500 m3) with known species composition, and show the number of detected species per library from the two protocols as the representative results. This protocol has been developed for metabarcoding eDNA from fishes, but is also applicable to eDNA from other organisms.

We describe a protocol for filtration of water samples with a filter cartridge and extraction of environmental DNA (eDNA) without having to cut open the housing to remove the filter. This protocol is developed for metabarcoding eDNA from fishes, but is also applicable to eDNA from other organisms.

여과 물 샘플 및 환경 DNA의 추출을위한 필터 카트리지의 사용

Recent studies demonstrated the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) from fishes to be appropriate as a non-invasive monitoring tool. Most of these studies ...

환경과학

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions

Variable microorganisms in particulate matter (PM) under different environmental conditions may have significant impacts on human health. In this study, we described a protocol for multiple analyses of the biological compositions in environmental PM. Five experiments are presented: (1) PM number monitoring by using a laser particle counter; (2) PM collection by using a cyclonic aerosol sampler; (3) PM collection by using a high-volume air sampler with filters; (4) culturable microbes collection by the Andersen six-stage sampler; and (5) detection of biological composition of environmental PM by bacterial 16SrDNA and fungal ITS region sequencing. We selected hazy days and a livestock farm as two typical examples of the application in this protocol. In this study, these two sampling methods, cyclonic aerosol sampler and filter sampler, showed different sampling efficiency. The cyclonic aerosol sampler performed much better in terms of collecting bacteria, while these two methods showed the same efficiency in collecting fungi. Filter samplers can work under low temperature conditions while cyclonic aerosol samplers have a sampling limitation for temperature. A solid impacting sampler, such as an Andersen six-stage sampler, can be used to sample bioaerosols directly into the culture medium, which increases the survival rate of culturable microorganisms. However, this method mainly relies on culture while more than 99% of microbes cannot be cultured. DNA extracted from the culturable bacteria collected by the Andersen six-stage sampler and samples collected by cyclonic aerosol sampler and filter sampler were detected by bacterial 16S rDNA and fungal ITS region sequencing.All the methods above may have wide application in many fields of study, such as environmental monitoring and airborne pathogen detection. From these results, we can conclude that these methods can be used under different conditions and may help other researchers further explore the health impacts of environmental bioaerosols.

Understanding the biological composition of environmental particulate matter is important for the study of its significant impacts on human health and disease spread. Here, we used three types of bioaerosol sampling methods and a biological analysis of airborne microbes to better explore airborne microbial communities under different environmental conditions.

구성 및 다른 환경 조건에서 Bioaerosols의 유통 분석

Variable microorganisms in particulate matter (PM) under different environmental conditions may have significant impacts on human health. In this study, ...

Detection of Endotoxin in Nano-formulations Using Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) Assays

When present in pharmaceutical products, a Gram-negative bacterial cell wall component endotoxin (often also called lipopolysaccharide) can cause inflammation, fever, hypo- or hypertension, and, in extreme cases, can lead to tissue and organ damage that may become fatal. The amounts of endotoxin in pharmaceutical products, therefore, are strictly regulated. Among the methods available for endotoxin detection and quantification, the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay is commonly used worldwide. While any pharmaceutical product can interfere with the LAL assay, nano-formulations represent a particular challenge due to their complexity. The purpose of this paper is to provide a practical guide to researchers inexperienced in estimating endotoxins in engineered nanomaterials and nanoparticle-formulated drugs. Herein, practical recommendations for performing three LAL formats including turbidity, chromogenic and gel-clot assays are discussed. These assays can be used to determine endotoxin contamination in nanotechnology-based drug products, vaccines, and adjuvants.

Detection of Endotoxin in Nano-formulations Using Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate LAL Assays

Detection of endotoxins in engineered nanomaterials represents one of the grand challenges in the field of nanomedicine. Here, we present a case study that describes the framework composed of three different LAL formats to estimate potential endotoxin contamination in nanoparticles.

나노 제형에도 Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) 분석 실험을 사용 하 여

When present in pharmaceutical products, a Gram-negative bacterial cell wall component endotoxin (often also called lipopolysaccharide) can cause ...

생체공학

Extraction of High Molecular Weight DNA from Microbial Mats

Successful and accurate analysis and interpretation of metagenomic data is dependent upon the efficient extraction of high-quality, high molecular weight (HMW) community DNA. However, environmental mat samples often pose difficulties to obtaining large concentrations of high-quality, HMW DNA. Hypersaline microbial mats contain high amounts of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)1 and salts that may inhibit downstream applications of extracted DNA. Direct and harsh methods are often used in DNA extraction from refractory samples. These methods are typically used because the EPS in mats, an adhesive matrix, binds DNA2,3 during direct lysis. As a result of harsher extraction methods, DNA becomes fragmented into small sizes4,5,6.
The DNA thus becomes inappropriate for large-insert vector cloning. In order to circumvent these limitations, we report an improved methodology to extract HMW DNA of good quality and quantity from hypersaline microbial mats. We employed an indirect method involving the separation of microbial cells from the background mat matrix through blending and differential centrifugation. A combination of mechanical and chemical procedures was used to extract and purify DNA from the extracted microbial cells. Our protocol yields approximately 2 &mu;g of HMW DNA (35-50 kb) per gram of mat sample, with an A260/280 ratio of 1.6. Furthermore, amplification of 16S rRNA genes7 suggests that the protocol is able to minimize or eliminate any inhibitory effects of contaminants. Our results provide an appropriate methodology for the extraction of HMW DNA from microbial mats for functional metagenomic studies and may be applicable to other environmental samples from which DNA extraction is challenging.

We provide an improved protocol for extracting high molecular weight DNA from hypersaline microbial mats. Microbial cells are separated from the mat matrix prior to DNA extraction and purification. This enhances the concentrations, quality, and size of the DNA. The protocol may be used for other refractory samples.

미생물 매트에서 높은 분자량의 DNA의 추출

Successful and accurate analysis and interpretation of metagenomic data is dependent upon the efficient extraction  of high-quality, high molecular weight ...

생물학

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces

The persistent inflammatory host response to an implanted biomaterial, known as the foreign body reaction, is a significant challenge in the development and implementation of biomedical devices and tissue engineering constructs. Macrophages, an innate immune cell, are key players in the foreign body reaction because they remain at the implant site for the lifetime of the device, and are commonly studied to gain an understanding of this detrimental host response. Many biomaterials researchers have shown that adsorbed protein layers on implanted materials influence macrophage behavior, and subsequently impact the host response. The methods in this paper describe an in vitro model using adsorbed protein layers containing cellular damage molecules on polymer biomaterial surfaces to assess macrophage responses. An NF-&#1082;B/AP-1 reporter macrophage cell line and the associated colorimetric alkaline phosphatase assay were used as a rapid method to indirectly examine NF-&#1082;B/AP-1 transcription factor activity in response to complex adsorbed protein layers containing blood proteins and damage-associated molecular patterns, as a model of the complex adsorbed protein layers formed on biomaterial surfaces in vivo.

This protocol provides researchers with a rapid, indirect method of measuring TLR-dependent NF-&#1082;B/AP-1 transcription factor activity in a murine macrophage cell line in response to a variety of polymeric surfaces and adsorbed protein layers that model the biomaterial implant microenvironment.

고분자 표면에 흡착 된 단백질 층에 유료 수용체 매개 NF-kB / AP-1 신호를 검사하는 대식 세포 분석

The persistent inflammatory host response to an implanted biomaterial, known as the foreign body reaction, is a significant challenge in the development ...

Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter

DNA adducts and oxidized DNA bases are examples of DNA lesions that are useful biomarkers for the toxicity assessment of substances that are electrophilic, generate reactive electrophiles upon biotransformation, or induce oxidative stress. Among the oxidized nucleobases, the most studied one is 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2&#39;-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo), a biomarker of oxidatively induced base damage in DNA. Aldehydes and epoxyaldehydes resulting from the lipid peroxidation process are electrophilic molecules able to form mutagenic exocyclic DNA adducts, such as the etheno adducts 1,N2-etheno-2&#39;-deoxyguanosine (1,N2-&#949;dGuo) and 1,N6-etheno-2&#39;-deoxyadenosine (1,N6-&#949;dAdo), which have been suggested as potential biomarkers in the pathophysiology of inflammation. Selective and sensitive methods for their quantification in DNA are necessary for the development of preventive strategies to slow down cell mutation rates and chronic disease development (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases). Among the sensitive methods available for their detection (high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical or tandem mass spectrometry detectors, comet assay, immunoassays, 32P-postlabeling), the most selective are those based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Selectivity is an essential advantage when analyzing complex biological samples and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS evolved as the gold standard for quantification of modified nucleosides in biological matrices, such as DNA, urine, plasma and saliva. The use of isotopically labeled internal standards adds the advantage of corrections for molecule losses during the DNA hydrolysis and analyte enrichment steps, as well as for differences of the analyte ionization between samples. It also aids in the identification of the correct chromatographic peak when more than one peak is present.
We present here validated sensitive, accurate and precise HPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods that were successfully applied for the quantification of 8-oxodGuo, 1,N6-dAdo and 1,N2-dGuo in lung, liver and kidney DNA of A/J mice for the assessment of the effects of ambient PM2.5 exposure.

We describe here methods for sensitive and accurate quantification of the lesions 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2&#39;-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo), 1,N6-etheno-2&#39;-deoxyadenosine (1,N6-dAdo) and 1,N2-etheno-2&#39;-deoxyguanosine (1,N2-dGuo) in DNA. The methods were applied to the assessment of the effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in tissues (lung, liver and kidney) of exposed A/J mice.

질량 분 광 법에 의해 3 개의 DNA 병 변의 정량화 및 주변 미세 입자 상 물질에 노출 된 마우스의 조직에서 그들의 수준에 대 한 평가

DNA adducts and oxidized DNA bases are examples of DNA lesions that are useful biomarkers for the toxicity assessment of substances that are ...

면역학 및 감염병학

low-MW DNA를 농축하여 환경 AMR을 평가하기 위한 효율적인 기법

Enhanced Extraction of Low-Molecular Weight DNA from Wastewater for Comprehensive Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance

Environmental surveillance is recognized as an important tool for assessing public health in the post-pandemic era. Water, in particular wastewater, has emerged as the source of choice to sample pathogen burdens in the environment. Wastewater from open drains and community water treatment plants is a reservoir of both pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and frequently comes in contact with humans. While there are many methods of tracking AMR from water,&#160;isolating good-quality DNA at high yields from heterogeneous samples remains a challenge. To compensate, sample volumes often need to be high, creating practical constraints. Additionally, environmental DNA is frequently fragmented, and the sources of AMR (plasmids, phages, linear DNA) consist of low-molecular-weight DNA. Yet, few extraction processes have focused on methods for high-yield extraction of linear and low-molecular-weight DNA. Here, a simple method for high-yield linear DNA extraction from small volumes of wastewater using the precipitation properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is reported. This study makes a case for increasing overall DNA yields from water samples collected for metagenomic analyses by enriching the proportion of linear DNA. In addition, enhancing low-molecular-weight DNA overcomes the current problem of under-sampling environmental AMR due to a focus on high-molecular-weight and intracellular DNA. This method is expected to be particularly useful when extracellular DNA exists but at low concentrations, such as with effluents from treatment plants. It should also enhance the environmental sampling of AMR gene fragments that spread through horizontal gene transfer.

저자 스포트라이트: 배양 기반 기법과 유전체학을 결합하여 환경적 항생제 내성의 이해 및 검출

Here, we present a simple technique to assess environmental antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by enhancing the proportion of low-molecular-weight extracellular DNA. Prior treatment with 20%-30% PEG and 1.2 M NaCl allows detection of both genomic and horizontally transferred AMR genes. The protocol lends itself to a kit-free process with additional optimization.

항생제 내성에 대한 포괄적인 평가를 위해 폐수에서 저분자량 DNA 추출 강화 

Environmental surveillance is recognized as an important tool for assessing public health in the post-pandemic era. Water, in particular wastewater, has ...

독소와 DNA 내용에 대한 공기 샘플링 필터 분석

요약

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나노 제형에도 Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) 분석 실험을 사용 하 여

미생물 매트에서 높은 분자량의 DNA의 추출

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질량 분 광 법에 의해 3 개의 DNA 병 변의 정량화 및 주변 미세 입자 상 물질에 노출 된 마우스의 조직에서 그들의 수준에 대 한 평가

항생제 내성에 대한 포괄적인 평가를 위해 폐수에서 저분자량 DNA 추출 강화

항생제 내성에 대한 포괄적인 평가를 위해 폐수에서 저분자량 DNA 추출 강화

항생제 내성에 대한 포괄적인 평가를 위해 폐수에서 저분자량 DNA 추출 강화