Name: stabilizing hepatocellular phenotype using optimized synthetic surfaces
Uploaded: 2014-09-26T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 50 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stabilizing Hepatocellular Phenotype Using Optimized Synthetic Surfaces at JoVE.com

DCH, MB와 FK는 기금에 EPSRC 사후에 의해 지원되었다. BL-V와 DS는 각 MRC의 박사 studentships에 의해 지원되었다. KC는 영국 재생 의학 플랫폼에서 자금에 의해 지원되었다.

PHNGAD (폴리 [1,6-hexanodiol / 네오 펜틸 글리콜 / 디 (에틸렌 글리콜) -alt - 아 디프 산] 디올)의 1 합성 <img alt="반응식 1" fo:content-width="5in" src="/files/ftp_upload/51723/51723scheme1.jpg" width="500" /> 반응식 1 : PHNAGD의 합성 PHNAGD의 합성의 도식 표현.. PHNAGD는 1,6-Hexanodiol의 반응, 디 에틸렌 글리콜, n​​eoppentyl 글리콜 및 아 디프 산을 제조 하였다. PHNAGD, 폴리 [1,6-hexanodiol / 네오 펜틸 글리콜 / 디 (에틸렌 글리콜) -alt - 아 디프 산] 디올. <ol><li> 잔류 물을 제거하기 위해 진공 오븐에서 48 시간 동안 40 ° C에서 단량체 1,6 - 헥산 디올, 디 (에틸렌 글리콜) 및 네오 펜틸 글리콜로 열처리를 적용. 진공 상태에서 RT까지 차가운 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 딘 - 스탁 장치에 교반 막대가 장착되고 연결의 2 구 둥근 바닥 플라스크에 각각의 단량체 및 아 디프 산 (55 밀리몰)의 22 밀리몰 추가. </li><li> 진공 상태에서 전체 어셈블리를 놓고 부드럽게 GLA를 가열플라스크에 화학 물질의 첨가 중에 흡습을 방지하기 위해 6 시간 동안 40 ° C의,시 ssware. </li><li> 드롭에 의해 촉매 티타늄 (IV) 부톡 사이드 0.0055 몰을 드롭 주사기를 통해 추가합니다. </li><li> 24 시간 동안 N 2 분위기에서 180 ° C에서 반응 혼합물을 교반하고, 딘 - 스타크 트랩에서 잔류 물을 수집한다. 제품이 RT로 냉각시킵니다. </li></ol> PU134의 2 합성 <img alt="계획이" fo:content-width="5in" src="/files/ftp_upload/51723/51723scheme2.jpg" width="500" /> 반응식 2 : PU134의 합성 PU134가 4,4 메틸렌 비스 (페닐 이소시아네이트) 2.0 당량과 PHNGAD 1.0 당량의 반응에 의해 제조 된 폴리 우레탄 (134)의 합성 도식 표현, 1.0을 첨가 하였다. 1,4 - 부탄디올 사슬 연장 제의 당량. <ol><li> (4) 2 당량과 폴리올 PHNGAD 1 당량 (Mn이 1,800 ~ DA, 3.2 밀리몰)을 혼합무수 N에서 &#39;4 메틸렌 비스 (페닐 이소시아네이트) (6.4 밀리몰), N 디메틸 포름 아미드 (12 mL)을 첨가 하였다. </li><li> N 2 분위기 하에서 70 ° C에서 반응 혼합물을 저어. </li><li> , 주사기를 통해 추가 촉매 티타늄 드롭 들러 (IV) 부톡 사이드 (0.8 중량 %). </li><li> 1 시간 후, 사슬 연장 1,4 - 부탄디올 (3.2 밀리몰)의 1 당량을 추가한다. 90 ° C의 온도를 높이고 N 2 분위기 하에서 24 시간 동안 교반한다. </li><li> 반응에 이어, 침전이 일어날 때까지 반응 용액에 적가 하였다 (도 사용될 수 헥산 또는 물), 디 에틸 에테르를 첨가하여 침전에 의해 폴리 우레탄을 모은다. </li><li> 5 분 동안 5,300 XG에 용액을 원심 분리기. </li><li> 뜨는을 가만히 따르다 용매가 증발 할 때까지 진공 오븐에서 40 ° C에서 떨어져 건조. 주 : 위해 반응의 최종 생성물은 분자량 분포에 관한 정확한 파라미터를 갖고 있는지 확인하기 위해, 기능적 GROU중합체 및 융점 및 유리 전이 온도의 PS는 다양한 분석 기술 및 방법은, 겔 투과 크로마토 그래피 또는 피트 르 분광법으로 사용될 수있다. </li></ol> PU134 솔루션의 3 준비 <ol><li> 유리 병에 PU134의 200 mg의 무게를 측정한다. </li><li> 클로로포름, 1 클로로포름과 톨루엔의 조합 : 용매의 수가 2 %의 최종 농도로 희석 한 PU134 비율, 테트라 히드로 푸란과 조합 한 테트라 히드로 푸란과의 dicloromethane : 1 비율. 참고 : 오른쪽 용매의 선거 사용할 수있는 폴리머에 따라 달라집니다. 다른 용매는 중합체의 용해에 영향을 미칠 수있는 다른 비등점을 갖는다. </li><li> 용액을 균질하게하고 침전물이 관찰되지 않을 때까지, 200 MOT / 분의 속도로 진탕을 사용하여 RT에서 20 분 동안 격렬히 흔들어 용액. </li></ol> PU134 유리 슬라이드의 4 코팅 <ol><li> 알자 배치스핀 코터에 ND 15mm이 커버 슬립. </li><li> 피펫을 사용하여 각 PU134 용액 50 μl를 적용합니다. 비율에 비례하는 양 표면을 유지해야 커버 슬립 크기에 따라 PU134 용액의 양을 조정한다. </li><li> 23의 X g에서 7 초 동안 각 coverslip에 스핀. </li><li> 멸균하기 전에 최소 24 시간 동안 실온에서 공기 건조 커버 슬립. </li></ol> 커버 슬립의 5 조사 <ol><li> 12 분 동안 실험실 조사 장치를 사용하여 회색의 열 용량을 적용하여 중합체 코팅 된 커버 슬립을 감마 - 조사한다. </li><li> 16 분 각 팀의 30 W, UV 전구를 사용하여 폴리머 코팅 된 커버 슬립을 조사 자외선. </li><li> 슬라이드 크기에 따라 적합한 조직 배양 접시에 고분자 코팅 된 커버 슬립을 놓습니다. </li></ol> 6 주사 전자 현미경 <ol><li> 압력이 5 × 10-1 밀리바의 분위기에서 200 초간 스퍼터링에 의해 금 코트 폴리머 커버 슬립. </li><li> microg 캡처이차 전자 촬상 모드에서의 20 kV의 가속 전압에서 주 사형 전자 현미경을 사용하여 코팅 된 커버 슬립의 중합체 raphs. </li></ol> 7 원자 힘 현미경 관찰 <ol><li> 중합체 표면의 20 × 20 ​​μm 인 영역을 스캔. </li><li> 1.32 Hz에서에서 1.60 Hz로 스캔 속도를 설정합니다. </li><li> 스캔 한 지역에서 512 X 512 픽셀의 해상도를 설정합니다. </li><li> 루트 평균 화상 데이터 플레인에서 찍은 높이 편차의 평균을 이용하여 코팅의 제곱 (RMS 또는 자승)를 계산 의미로 표현 : <img fo:content-width="1in" src="/files/ftp_upload/51723/51723eq1.jpg" width="123" /> 여기서 닫아 현재 Z 값이며, N은 주어진 지역 내 점의 수이다. </li><li> 이용한 화상의 7.5 편차를 계산하거나, 표면 평균 거칠기 (라) <img fo:content-width="1.5in" src="/files/ftp_upload/51723/51723eq2.jpg" width="154" /> 어디 Z (X)는 t을 설명하는 기능입니다그 높이 (Z) 및 평가 길이 &quot;L&quot;을 통해 샘플의 위치 (X)의 관점에서 분석 프로파일 표면. RA가 중심면에 대하여 표면의 평균 값을 나타낸다. </li></ol> 8 세포 배양 및 분화 <ol><li> 농경 건초 및 17에 기재된 바와 같이 인간 배아 줄기 세포주 (hESC의) H9 차별화. </li><li> 해리 시약을 이용하여 세포를 분리하고 (18,19)에 대해 설명 Szkolnicka으로 무 혈청 배지의 존재하에 분화 과정의 일 9시 PU134 코팅 슬라이드 위에 그들을 replate. 주 : 효소 적 세포 해리의 사용은 물리적 셀 박리하는 것이 바람직하다. </li></ol> 9 사이토 크롬 P450 기능 분석 <ol><li> 제조업체의 지침에 따라 CYP3A 활동을 측정한다. </li><li> 세포없이 hESC의 파생 일 13 일 19에서 간세포, 미디어를 품어 - 음성 대조군으로, 적절한 SUBSTR로37 ° C에서 5 시간 동안 먹었다. </li><li> , 셀 및 미디어에서 상층 액을 수집 제조업체의 지침에 따라 분석을 수행한다. </li><li> 표면적 (cm 2) ~ CYP 활성 및 정규화의 상대적인 수준을 측정한다. </li></ol> (10) 면역 염색 <ol><li> 워시 hESC의 1 분 동안 PBS로 간세포를 유도, 두 번 반복합니다. </li><li> 10 분 동안 -20 ° C에 차가운 얼음 백퍼센트 세포를 해결하기 위해 메탄올, 장소를 추가합니다. </li><li> 5 분 동안 PBS로 세포를 씻으 두 번 반복합니다. </li><li> PBS / T (0.1 % 트윈) RT에서 1 시간 / 10 % BSA와 함께 세포를 배양한다. </li><li> PBST 솔루션을 기음과 PBS / T (0.1 % 트윈) / 1 % BSA에 희석 적절한 일차 항체를 추가, 부드러운 교반 O / N로 4 ° C에서 배양한다. </li><li> 5 분 동안 PBS / T (0.1 % 트윈) / 1 % BSA와 세포를 세척하고 세 번 반복합니다. </li><li> , PBS / T (0.1 % 트윈) / 1 % BSA에 적합한 항체를 희석하여 세포에 추가하고 교반과 함께 1 시간 동안 RT에서 어두운 곳에서 배양. </li><li> 5 분 동안 PBS로 세포를 세척하고 세 번 반복합니다. </li><li> 각 웰에 기포의 수를 줄이기 위해 부드럽게 커버 슬립을 추가 (1000 DAPI 일을 포함) MOWIOL 488를 추가합니다. 스토어는 어둠 속에서 4 ° C에서 세포를 고정. 적절한 필터 및 형광 램프 현미경을 사용하여 염색 관찰한다. 최적화 된 일차 및 이차 항체는 표 1에 나열되어 있습니다. </li></ol>

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C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pluripotent+Stem+Cell&#8211;Derived+Hepatocytes:+Potential+and+Challenges+in+Pharmacology.">Pluripotent Stem Cell&#8211;Derived Hepatocytes: Potential and Challenges in Pharmacology.</a> Annu Rev Pharmecol Toxicol. 53, 147-149 (2013).</li><li>Szkolnicka, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accurate+prediction+of+drug-induced+liver+injury+using+stem+cell-derived+populations.">Accurate prediction of drug-induced liver injury using stem cell-derived populations.</a> Stem Cells Translational Medicine. 3 (2), 141-148 (2014).</li><li>Medine, C. N., Lucendo-Villarin, B., Zhou, W., West, C. C., Hay, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robust+Generation+of+Hepatocyte-like+Cells+from+Human+Embryonic+Stem+Cell+Populations.">Robust Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cell Populations.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (56), (2011).</li><li>Freed, L. E., Vunjak-Novakovic, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Culture+of+organized+cell+communities.">Culture of organized cell communities.</a> Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 33 (1-2), 15-30 (1998).</li><li>Braam, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recombinant+Vitronectin+Is+a+Functionally+Defined+Substrate+That+Supports+Human+Embryonic+Stem+Cell+Self-Renewal+via+&#945;V&#946;5+Integrin.">Recombinant Vitronectin Is a Functionally Defined Substrate That Supports Human Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal via &#945;V&#946;5 Integrin.</a> Stem Cells. 26 (9), 2257-2265 (2008).</li><li>Rodin, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+culturing+of+human+embryonic+stem+cells+on+laminin-521/E-cadherin+matrix+in+defined+and+xeno-free+environment.">Clonal culturing of human embryonic stem cells on laminin-521/E-cadherin matrix in defined and xeno-free environment.</a> Nature Communications. 5 (3195), (2014).</li><li>Thaburet, J. -. F. O., Mizomoto, H., Bradley, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-Throughput+Evaluation+of+the+Wettability+of+Polymer+Libraries.">High-Throughput Evaluation of the Wettability of Polymer Libraries.</a> Macromolecular Rapid Communication. 25 (1), 336-370 (2003).</li><li>Lim, J. Y., Donahue, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Sensing+and+Response+to+Micro-+and+Nanostructured+Surfaces+Produced+by+Chemical+and+Topographic+Patterning.">Cell Sensing and Response to Micro- and Nanostructured Surfaces Produced by Chemical and Topographic Patterning.</a> Tissue Engineering. 13 (8), 1879-1891 (2007).</li><li>Teixeira, A. I., Abrams, G. A., Bertics, P. J., Murphy, C. J., Nealey, P. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial+contact+guidance+on+well-defined+micro-+and+nanostructured+substrates.">Epithelial contact guidance on well-defined micro- and nanostructured substrates.</a> Journal of Cell Science. 116 (10), 1881-1892 (2003).</li><li>Biggs, M. J. P., Richards, R. G., Wilkinson, C. D. W., Dalby, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Focal+adhesion+interactions+with+topographical+structures:+a+novel+method+for+immuno-SEM+labelling+of+focal+adhesions+in+S-phase+cells.">Focal adhesion interactions with topographical structures: a novel method for immuno-SEM labelling of focal adhesions in S-phase cells.</a> Journal of Microscopy. 231 (1), 28-37 (2008).</li><li>Karuri, N. W., Porri, T. J., Albrecht, R. M., Murphy, C. J., Nealey, P. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nano-+and+microscale+holes+modulate+cell-substrate+adhesion,+cytoskeletal+organization,+and+-beta1+integrin+localization+in+SV40+human+corneal+epithelial+cells.">Nano- and microscale holes modulate cell-substrate adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, and -beta1 integrin localization in SV40 human corneal epithelial cells.</a> IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience. 5 (4), 273-280 (2006).</li><li>Hamilton, D. W., Brunette, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+substratum+topography+on+osteoblast+adhesion+mediated+signal+transduction+and+phosphorylation.">The effect of substratum topography on osteoblast adhesion mediated signal transduction and phosphorylation.</a> Biomaterials. 28 (1), 1806-1819 (2007).</li><li>Engler, A. J., Sen, S., Sweeney, H. L., Discher, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matrix+elasticity+directs+stem+cell+lineage+specification.">Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification.</a> Cell. 126 (4), 677-689 (2006).</li><li>Dang, J. M., Leong, K. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myogenic+Induction+of+Aligned+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cell+Sheets+by+Culture+on+Thermally+Responsive+Electrospun+Nanofibers.">Myogenic Induction of Aligned Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets by Culture on Thermally Responsive Electrospun Nanofibers.</a> Advanced Materials. 19 (19), 2775-2779 (2007).</li><li>Azevedo, E. C., Nascimento, E. M., Chierice, G. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=UV+and+gamma+irradiation+effects+on+surface+properties+of+polyurethane+derivate+from+castor+oil.">UV and gamma irradiation effects on surface properties of polyurethane derivate from castor oil.</a> Pol&#237;meros. 23 (3), 305-311 (2013).</li><li>Rosu, L., Cascaval, C. N., Ciobanu, C., Rosu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+UV+radiation+on+the+semi-interpenetrating+polymer+networks+based+on+polyurethane+and+epoxy+maleate+of+bisphenol+A.">Effect of UV radiation on the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane and epoxy maleate of bisphenol A.</a> Journal of Photochemistry and Photobilogy A: Chemistry. 169 (2), 177-185 (2005).</li><li>Yang, X. F., Tallman, D. E., Bierwagen, G. P., Croll, S. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blistering+and+degradation+of+polyurethane+coatings+under+different+accelerated+weathering+tests.">Blistering and degradation of polyurethane coatings under different accelerated weathering tests.</a> Polymer Degradation and Stability. 77 (1), 103-109 (2002).</li></ol>

DCH는 CSO, FibromEd 제품 유한 회사의 이사, 설립자 FibromEd 제품 유한 회사 MB와 JPI의 주주 아르 설립자 주주입니다

줄기 세포로부터 간세포를 생성하는 데 사용되는 현재의 방법의 대부분은 동물 유래의 미정 행렬에 의존한다. 이러한 기판은 어플리케이션에 상당한 장벽을 나타내는 세포의 기능과 안정성에 영향을 미치는, 비싸고 매우 가변적 일 수있다. 따라서, 우리는 줄기 세포 유래 간세포의 문화를 지원하는 합성 물질에 대한 화면을 수행 하였다. 우리가 식별 한 견고한 간세포 분화 방식과 조합 PHNGAD, MDI ...

생물학적 물질은 널리 능성 줄기 세포의 한 유지 및 분화에 사용되어왔다. 가능하지만, 이러한 생물학적 기질은 종종 정의되지 않은 구성 요소의 무수가 포함되어 있습니다. 마트 리겔은 줄기 세포 배양 및 분화를위한 일반적으로 사용되는 기판이다. 불행하게도, 그 변수 조성물은 세포 표현형 및 기능에 영향을 미친다. 대안 이상의 정의 된 생물학적 매트릭스들의 다양한 2-7을 사용되었지만, 그들의 동물성 또는 나쁨 확장 그들에게 산업 제조에 부적합한 후보를 만든다. 따라서, 줄기 세포 연구의 주요 목표는 정의 된 구성과 신뢰할 수있는 성능으로 합성 대안의 식별이다. 정의되지 않은 세포 배양 기판의 한계를 극복하기위한 시도에서, 화학, 생물학 학제 간의 협력은 세포 표현형을 지원하는 능력과 합성 물질을 확인했다. 신디etic 기판은, 비용 효율적인 확장 성, 그리고 생체 내 환경을 흉내 낸, 복잡한 3 차원 구조로 제조 될 수있다. 이러한 특성으로 인해, 합성 기판은 널리 다양한 유형의 세포의 분화 8-10을 지원하고 구동하기 위해 사용되어왔다. 고급 및 높은 처리량 분석 대형 도서관에서 합성 물질의 신속한 심사를 촉진하고, 생물 의학 연구 및 개발 11-13에서 다양한 응용 프로그램과의 유연한 특성을 가진 새로운 물질을 전달했다. 높은 처리량, 고분자 마이크로 어레이 검사 기술을 활용, 우리는 빠른 속도로 인간의 줄기 세포 유래 간세포의 유지 보수에 적합한 간단한 폴리 우레탄 (PU134)를 확인했다. 이 중합체는 간세포 분화와 기능 14-16와 관련하여 동물 유래의 기재에 우수한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 우리는 이후 효과를 액세스하는 도포 조건, 지형 및 살균 처리를 최적화 한간세포 기능 및 수명을 안정화 중합체 성능. 이 세포 기반의 모델링 및 재생 의학 응용 프로그램에 대한 간세포 생물학의 기초를 이해 관련하여 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 여기에 설명 된 기술은 합성 중합체의 표면이 세포 표현형을 유지하도록 최적화 될 수있는 방법의 예를 나타낸다. 우리는 효율적인 무 혈청 간세포 분화 프로토콜이 기술의 조합이 체외 모델링 및 재생 의료에 사용하기위한 간세포의 생산 확장을 제공하는 잠재력을 가지고 있다고 믿는다.

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Synthesis, preparation, coating and characterization of polymer PU134 coated coverslips&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Shaker</td><td>Edmun B&amp;uuml;hler</td><td>KS-15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Irradiator</td><td>CIS Biointernational</td><td>IBL 637&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spin coater</td><td>Specialty Coating System</td><td>P-6708</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scanning Electron Microscope&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Philips</td><td>XL30CPSEM</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Atomic Force Microscope</td><td>DimensionV Nanoscope, VEECO</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>p4-GLO CYP3A4</td><td>Promega</td><td>V8902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>UV bulb</td><td>ESCO</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NanoScope analysis software</td><td>VEECO</td><td></td><td>version 1.20</td></tr><tr><td>Fluorescence microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>TH45200</td><td>Use Volocity 4 Software</td></tr><tr><td>Tissue culture plates</td><td>Corning, UK&amp;nbsp;</td><td>3527</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>glass slides</td><td>Scientific Laboratory Supplies</td><td>MIC3308</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Diethylene glycol</td><td>Sigma&amp;ndash;Aldrich</td><td>93171</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1,6-hexanediol</td><td>Sigma&amp;ndash;Aldrich</td><td>240117</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Neopentyl glycol</td><td>Sigma&amp;ndash;Aldrich</td><td>408255</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Adipic acid</td><td>Sigma&amp;ndash;Aldrich</td><td>9582</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anhydrous &lt;em&gt;N,N&lt;/em&gt;-Dimethylformamide</td><td>Sigma&amp;ndash;Aldrich</td><td>227056</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Diethyl ether</td><td>Sigma&amp;ndash;Aldrich</td><td>676845</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>titanium (IV) butoxide&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma&amp;ndash;Aldrich</td><td>244112</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1,4-butanediol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma&amp;ndash;Aldrich</td><td>493732</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vacuum oven</td><td>Thermoscientific</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4,4&amp;rsquo;-Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate)</td><td>Sigma&amp;ndash;Aldrich</td><td>101688</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tetrahydrofurane</td><td>Sigma&amp;ndash;Aldrich</td><td>401757</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sputter coater</td><td>Bal-Tec SCD 050</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Inmunostaining&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate buffer saline (-MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, -CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Gibco</td><td>10010031</td><td>Store at room temperature</td></tr><tr><td>PBST, PBS made up with 0.1% TWEEN 20&amp;nbsp;</td><td>&amp;nbsp; Scientific Laboratory Supplies Ltd</td><td>EC607&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Methanol</td><td>&amp;nbsp; Scientific Laboratory Supplies Ltd</td><td>CHE5010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich, UK</td><td>A7906</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MOWIOL 488 DAPI</td><td>Calbiochem</td><td>475904</td><td>Made up in Tris HCl and glycerol as per manufacturers instructions</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Cell culture and Functional assay&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>CYP3A activity pGLO kit</td><td>Promega</td><td>V8902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hepatozyme</td><td>Gibco</td><td>17705021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TryLE express</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lifetechnologies.com/order/catalog/product/12604013&quot;&gt;12604013&lt;/a&gt;</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

stabilizing hepatocellular phenotype using optimized synthetic surfaces

Currently, one of the major limitations in cell biology is maintaining differentiated cell phenotype. Biological matrices are commonly used for culturing and maintaining primary and pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes. While biological matrices are useful, they permit short term culture of hepatocytes, limiting their widespread application. We have attempted to overcome the limitations using a synthetic polymer coating. Polymers represent one of the broadest classes of biomaterials and possess a wide range of mechanical, physical and chemical properties, which can be fine-tuned for purpose. Importantly, such materials can be scaled to quality assured standards and display batch-to-batch consistency. This is essential if cells are to be expanded for high through-put screening in the pharmaceutical testing industry or for cellular based therapy. Polyurethanes (PUs) are one group of materials that have shown promise in cell culture. Our recent progress in optimizing a polyurethane coated surface, for long-term culture of human hepatocytes displaying stable phenotype, is presented and discussed.

고분자 용매 중합체 코팅 표면의 지형에 영향 폴리 우레탄 (134)은 단독으로 또는 톨루엔 또는 테트라 하이드로 퓨란 또는 디클로로 메탄과 유리 슬라이드가 다양한 제형으로 스핀 코팅과 조합하여, 클로로포름에 용해시켰다. 주사 전자 현미경 (SEM) 및 원자력 현미경 (AFM)을 (도 1) 중합체 코팅의 물리적 성질을 특성화하기 위해 사용되었다. 톨루엔, 클...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stabilizing Hepatocellular Phenotype Using Optimized Synthetic Surfaces at JoVE.com

Stabilizing Hepatocellular Phenotype Using Optimized Synthetic Surfaces

이 문서는 장기적 폴리머 코팅 된 표면을 개발에 초점을 맞출 것이다, 줄기 세포의 안정적인 문화는 인간의 간세포를 산출했다.

최적화 된 합성 표면을 간세포 표현형 사용 안정화

Currently, one of the major limitations in cell biology is maintaining differentiated cell phenotype. Biological matrices are commonly used for culturing ...

stabilizing-hepatocellular-phenotype-using-optimized-synthetic

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

10.2K 조회수.  University of Edinburgh.  이 문서는 장기적 폴리머 코팅 된 표면을 개발에 초점을 맞출 것이다, 줄기 세포의 안정적인 문화는 인간의 간세포를 산출했다. 

비디오: Stabilizing Hepatocellular Phenotype Using Optimized Synthetic Surfaces

Defined and Scalable Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the human body. The differentiation of hPSCs to human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) has been extensively studied, and efficient differentiation protocols have been established. The combination of extracellular matrix and biological stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, and small molecules, have made it possible to generate HLCs that resemble primary human hepatocytes. However, the majority of procedures still employ undefined components, giving rise to batch-to-batch variation. This serves as a significant barrier to the application of the technology. To tackle this issue, we developed a defined system for hepatocyte differentiation using human recombinant laminins as extracellular matrices in combination with a serum-free differentiation process. Highly efficient hepatocyte specification was achieved, with demonstrated improvements in both HLC function and phenotype. Importantly, this system is easy to scale up using research and GMP-grade hPSC lines&#160;promising advances in cell-based modelling and therapies.

The method presented here describes a scalable and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-ready differentiation system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. It serves as a cost-effective and standardized system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells for basic and applied human liver research.

정의 및 간세포와 같은 세포의 확장 성 생성 인간 다 능성 줄기 세포에서

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the ...

연구

발생학

Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocyte-like Cells for Drug Discovery

The ability to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) provides new opportunities to study inborn errors in hepatic metabolism. However, to provide a platform that supports the identification of small molecules that can potentially be used to treat liver disease, the procedure requires a culture format that is compatible with screening thousands of compounds. Here, we describe a protocol using completely defined culture conditions, which allow the reproducible differentiation of human iPSCs to hepatocyte-like cells in 96-well tissue culture plates. We also provide an example of using the platform to screen compounds for their ability to lower Apolipoprotein B (APOB) produced from iPSC-derived hepatocytes generated from a familial hypercholesterolemia patient. The availability of a platform that is compatible with drug discovery should allow researchers to identify novel therapeutics for diseases that affect the liver.

The protocol presented here describes a platform for identifying small molecules for the treatment of liver disease. A step-by-step description is presented detailing how to differentiate iPSCs into cells with hepatocyte characteristics in 96-well plates, and to use the cells to screen for small molecules with potential therapeutic activity.

약물 발견에 대 한 만능 줄기 세포 유래 Hepatocyte 같은 세포를 유도 하는 인간을 사용 하 여

The ability to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) provides new opportunities to study inborn ...

Semi-automated Production of Hepatocyte Like Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells represent a renewable source of human tissue. Our research is focused on generating human liver tissue from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Current differentiation procedures generate human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) displaying a mixture of fetal and adult traits. To improve cell phenotype, we have fully defined our differentiation procedure and the cell niche, resulting in the generation of cell populations which display improved gene expression and&#160;function. While these studies mark progress, the ability to generate large quantities of multi well plates for screening has been limited by labour intensive procedures and batch to batch variation. To tackle this issue, we have developed a semi-automated platform to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into HLCs. Stem cell seeding and differentiation were performed using liquid handling and automatic pipetting systems in&#160;96-well plate format. Following the differentiation, cell phenotype was analyzed using automated microscopy and a multi well luminometer.

This protocol describes a semi-automated approach to produce hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells in a 96 well plate format. This process is rapid and cost-effective, allowing the production of quality assured batches of hepatocyte-like cells for basic and applied human research.

만능 줄기 세포에서 세포 처럼 Hepatocyte의 반자동된 생산

Human pluripotent stem cells represent a renewable source of human tissue. Our research is focused on generating human liver tissue from human embryonic ...

Serum Free Production of Three-dimensional Human Hepatospheres from Pluripotent Stem Cells

The development of renewable sources of liver tissue is required to improve cell-based modelling, and develop human tissue&#160;for transplantation. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent promising sources of human liver spheres. We have developed a serum free and defined method of cellular differentiation to generate three-dimensional human liver spheres formed from human pluripotent stem cells. A potential limitation of the technology is the production of dense spheres with dead material inside. In order to circumvent this, we have employed agarose microwell technology at defined cell densities to control the size of the 3D spheres, preventing the generation of apoptotic and/or necrotic cores.&#160; Notably, the spheres generated by our approach display liver function and stable phenotype, representing a valuable resource for basic and applied scientific research. We believe that our approach could be used as a platform technology to develop further tissues to model and treat human disease and in the future may permit the generation of human tissue with complex tissue architecture.

This protocol describes an approach to produce hepatospheres from human pluripotent stem cells using a defined culture system and cell self-assembly. This protocol is reproducible in a number of cell lines, cost effective and allows the production of stable human hepatospheres for biomedical application.

다능성 줄기 세포에서 3차원 인간 간구의 혈청 무료 생산

The development of renewable sources of liver tissue is required to improve cell-based modelling, and develop human tissue&#160;for transplantation. Human ...

Robust Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cell Populations

Despite progress in modelling human drug toxicity, many compounds fail during clinical trials due to unpredicted side effects. The cost of clinical studies are substantial, therefore it is essential that more predictive toxicology screens are developed and deployed early on in drug development (Greenhough et al 2010). Human hepatocytes represent the current gold standard model for evaluating drug toxicity, but are a limited resource that exhibit variable function. Therefore, the use of immortalised cell lines and animal tissue models are routinely employed due to their abundance. While both sources are informative, they are limited by poor function, species variability and/or instability in culture (Dalgetty et al 2009). Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are an attractive alternative source of human hepatocyte like cells (HLCs) (Medine et al 2010). PSCs are capable of self renewal and differentiation to all somatic cell types found in the adult and thereby represent a potentially inexhaustible source of differentiated cells. We have developed a procedure that is simple, highly efficient, amenable to automation and yields functional human HLCs (Hay et al 2008 ; Fletcher et al 2008 ; Hannoun et al 2010 ; Payne et al 2011 and Hay et al 2011). We believe our technology will lead to the scalable production of HLCs for drug discovery, disease modeling, the construction of extra-corporeal devices and possibly cell based transplantation therapies.

This article will focus on the generation of human hepatic endoderm from human embryonic stem cell populations.

인간 배아 줄기 세포 인구에서 Hepatocyte 같은 전지의 강력한 생성

Despite progress in modelling human drug toxicity, many compounds fail during clinical trials due to unpredicted side effects. The cost of clinical ...

생물학

Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells

Beside parenchymal hepatocytes, the liver consists of non-parenchymal cells (NPC) namely Kupffer cells (KC), liver endothelial cells (LEC) and hepatic Stellate cells (HSC). Two-dimensional (2D) culture of primary human hepatocyte (PHH) is still considered as the &#34;gold standard&#34; for in vitro testing of drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. It is well-known that the 2D monoculture of PHH suffers from dedifferentiation and loss of function. Recently it was shown that hepatic NPC play a central role in liver (patho-) physiology and the maintenance of PHH functions. Current research focuses on the reconstruction of in vivo tissue architecture by 3D- and co-culture models to overcome the limitations of 2D monocultures. Previously we published a method to isolate human liver cells and investigated the suitability of these cells for their use in cell cultures in Experimental Biology and Medicine1. Based on the broad interest in this technique the aim of this article was to provide a more detailed protocol for the liver cell isolation process including a video, which will allow an easy reproduction of this technique.
Human liver cells were isolated from human liver tissue samples of surgical interventions by a two-step EGTA/collagenase P perfusion technique. PHH were separated from the NPC by an initial centrifugation at 50 x g. Density gradient centrifugation steps were used for removal of dead cells. Individual liver cell populations were isolated from the enriched NPC fraction using specific cell properties and cell sorting procedures. Beside the PHH isolation we were able to separate KC, LEC and HSC for further cultivation.
Taken together, the presented protocol allows the isolation of PHH and NPC in high quality and quantity from one donor tissue sample. The access to purified liver cell populations could allow the creation of in vivo like human liver models.

A technique to isolate human hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells from the same donor is described. The different liver cell types build the basis for functional liver models and tissue engineering. This new method aims to isolate liver cells in a high yield and viability.

차 인간 간세포의 분리 및 비 실질 간 세포의 주요 집단 대응을위한 프로토콜

Beside parenchymal hepatocytes, the liver consists of non-parenchymal cells (NPC) namely Kupffer cells (KC), liver endothelial cells (LEC) and hepatic ...

Isolation of Regenerating Hepatocytes after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice

Partial hepatectomy has been widely used to investigate liver regeneration in mice, but the isolation of high yields of viable hepatocytes for downstream single-cell applications is challenging. A marked accumulation of lipids within regenerating hepatocytes is observed during the first 2 days of normal liver regeneration in mice. This so-called transient regeneration-associated steatosis (TRAS) is temporary but partially overlaps the major proliferative phase. Density-gradient purification is the backbone of most existing protocols for the isolation of primary hepatocytes. As gradient purification relies on the density and size of cells, it separates non-steatotic from steatotic hepatocyte populations. Therefore, fatty hepatocytes often are lost, yielding non-representative hepatocyte fractions. 
The presented protocol describes an easy and reliable method for the in vivo isolation of regenerating hepatocytes regardless of their lipid content. Hepatocytes from male C57BL/6 mice are isolated 24-48 h after hepatectomy by a classic two-step collagenase perfusion approach. A standard peristaltic pump drives the warmed solutions via the catheterized inferior vena cava into the remnant, using a retrograde perfusion technique with outflow through the portal vein. Hepatocytes are dissociated by collagenase for their release from the Glisson's capsule. After washing and careful centrifugation, the hepatocytes can be used for any downstream analyses. In conclusion, this paper describes a straightforward and reproducible technique for the isolation of a representative population of regenerating hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy in mice. The method may also aid the study of fatty liver disease.

Lipid-laden hepatocytes are inherent to liver regeneration but are usually lost upon density-gradient centrifugation. Here, we present an optimized cell isolation protocol that retains steatotic hepatocytes, yielding representative populations of regenerating hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy in mice.

생쥐의 부분 간 절제술 후 재생 간세포의 분리

Partial hepatectomy has been widely used to investigate liver regeneration in mice, but the isolation of high yields of viable hepatocytes for downstream ...

의학

Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System

Liver disease is an escalating global health issue. While liver transplantation is an effective mode of therapy, patient mortality has increased due to shortages in donor organ availability. Organ scarcity also affects the routine supply of human hepatocytes for basic research and the clinic. Therefore, the development of renewable sources of human liver progenitor cells is desirable and is the goal of this study. To be able to effectively generate and deploy human liver progenitors on a large scale, a reproducible hepatic progenitor differentiation system was developed. This protocol aids experimental reproducibility between users in a range of cell cultureware formats and permits differentiations using both, human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell lines. These are important advantages over current differentiation systems that will enhance the basic research and may pave the way towards clinical product development.

The goal of this article is to provide a standardized approach to induce human hepatic progenitor differentiation from pluripotent stem cells. The development of this procedure with ready-to-use media formulations offer the user a facile system to generate human liver cells for biomedical research and translation.

정의된 분화 시스템을 사용하여 만능 줄기 세포에서 간 선조 사양

Liver disease is an escalating global health issue. While liver transplantation is an effective mode of therapy, patient mortality has increased due to ...

Establishment and Genetic Manipulation of Murine Hepatocyte Organoids

The liver is the largest organ in mammals. It plays an important role in glucose storage, protein secretion, metabolism and detoxification. As the executor for most of the liver functions, primary hepatocytes have limited proliferating capacity. This requires the establishment of ex vivo hepatocyte expansion models for liver physiological and pathological research. Here, we isolated murine hepatocytes by two steps of collagenase perfusion and established a 3D organoid culture as the 'mini-liver' to recapitulate cell-cell interactions and physical functions. The organoids consist of heterogeneous cell populations including progenitors and mature hepatocytes. We introduce the process in detailed to isolate and culture the murine hepatocytes or fetal hepatocyte to form organoids within 2-3 weeks and show how to passage them by mechanically pipetting up and down. In addition, we will also introduce how to digest the organoids into single cells for lentivirus infection of shRNA/ectopic construction, siRNA transfection and CRISPR-Cas9 engineering. The organoids can be used for drug screens, disease modelling, and basic liver research by modeling liver biology and pathobiology.

A long-term ex vitro 3D organoid culture system was established from mouse hepatocytes. These organoids can be passaged and genetically manipulated by lentivirus infection of shRNA/ectopic construction, siRNA transfection and CRISPR-Cas9 engineering.

뮤린 헤파토세포 오르가노이드의 설립 및 유전적 조작

The liver is the largest organ in mammals. It plays an important role in glucose storage, protein secretion, metabolism and detoxification. As the ...

약물 발견을 위한 생리학적으로 유의미한 All-Human 2D+ 간 시스템

An All-Human Hepatic Culture System for Drug Development Applications

Finding a long-term, human-relevant culture model for primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) for pharmacological and toxicological studies remains a challenge. Current in vitro model platforms are often inconvenient and complex, lack phenotypic stability over time, and do not support multiple PHH lots, lacking experimental reproducibility and flexibility. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the thawing, plating, and maintenance of an all-human 2D+ hepatic system (TV2D+), which takes advantage of standard two-dimensional (2D) culture techniques and equipment while maintaining the longevity and phenotypic stability over time that typically accompany more complex three-dimensional (3D) systems. The results show attachment and percent plateability in TV2D+ as a function of PHH seeding density, as well as stable functionality for at least 2 weeks in culture. A range of PHH seeding densities are assessed to achieve a successful long-term culture. When established properly, the PHHs in TV2D+ organize into hepatocyte colonies, express a hepatic-specific marker, and maintain viability, architectural integrity, and physiologically relevant levels of albumin and urea. This unique combination of attributes makes the TV2D+ system a suitable hepatic model for a variety of pharmacological and toxicological applications.

저자 스포트라이트: Developing a Simple and Robust Hepatic Model for Pharmacological and Toxicological Applications(약리학 및 독성학 응용을 위한 간단하고 강력한 간 모델 개발) 

Recent technical advances enabled the scaled production of an in vitro platform for drug metabolism and toxicity applications. An all-human 2D+ hepatic system (TV2D+) provides physiologically relevant results using traditional two-dimensional culture methods. This protocol will support end-users in the setup, maintenance, and application of the system.

약물 개발 응용 분야를 위한 모든 인간 간 배양 시스템

Finding a long-term, human-relevant culture model for primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) for pharmacological and toxicological studies remains a challenge. ...