2.12 : 인간유전학

Human genetics explores how genes influence physical traits such as height and eye color, behaviors like risk-taking and eating habits, and susceptibility to diseases like Alzheimer's and depression.  

For instance, the overexpression of dopamine receptors may lead to impulsivity and schizophrenia, while underexpression can affect mood, motivation, and attention, potentially resulting in depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD.

Similarly, variations in the expression of the monoamine oxidase A or MAO-A gene, which is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, significantly impact emotional regulation and stress management.

Overexpression of the MAO-A gene can reduce neurotransmitter levels, potentially leading to depression and anxiety, while underexpression may cause neurotransmitter accumulation, increasing the risk of mood swings and impulsivity.

Understanding genetics is essential for predicting behavioral patterns and identifying potential challenges from an early age.

Recognizing these genetic influences allows psychologists to develop more effective strategies for managing individual traits and facilitating personalized psychological interventions.