Core - Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Chapter 4

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Distribution and Protein Binding

4.1 : Drug Distribution: Overview

4.1 : Drug Distribution: Overview

Distribution refers to the two-way movement of a drug between different compartments within the body. It is a passive process driven by the concentration ...

4.2 : Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability

4.2 : Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability

Drug distribution across biological membranes to target tissues relies on the drug's physicochemical properties, such as molecular size, ionization ...

4.3 : Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers

4.3 : Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers

Drug distribution is governed by several physiological barriers. The simple capillary endothelial barrier limits the passage of drugs larger than 600 ...

4.4 : Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Organ Perfusion Rate

4.4 : Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Organ Perfusion Rate

Drug distribution can be perfusion rate-limited, particularly when the drug is highly lipophilic, and the membrane to cross is highly permeable. The ...

4.5 : Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors

4.5 : Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors

Drug distribution can be affected by various factors. It can vary with age due to differences in body composition. For instance, older adults have less ...

4.6 : Volume of Distribution

4.6 : Volume of Distribution

The apparent volume of distribution or Vd is a key pharmacokinetic parameter signifying the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It ...

4.7 : Protein-Drug Binding: Mechanism and Kinetics

4.7 : Protein-Drug Binding: Mechanism and Kinetics

Protein-drug binding is the interaction between drugs and proteins in the body. It can be either intracellular binding, which involves drug interactions ...

4.8 : Drug Binding to Blood Components

4.8 : Drug Binding to Blood Components

When drugs enter the systemic circulation, they interact with blood components like human serum albumin or HSA, α1-acid glycoprotein or AAG, ...

4.9 : Tissue-Drug Binding: Localization of Drugs and its Significance

4.9 : Tissue-Drug Binding: Localization of Drugs and its Significance

Body tissues comprise 40-90% of body weight depending on body composition. They can serve as drug storage sites, competing with plasma binding sites. ...

4.10 : Protein-Drug Binding: Determination Methods

4.10 : Protein-Drug Binding: Determination Methods

Protein-drug binding is determined through indirect and direct methods. Indirect methods involve isolating the bound drug from its free form in biological ...

4.11 : Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors

4.11 : Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors

Protein-drug binding can be affected by various drug-related factors. The degree of protein binding is closely related to a drug's lipophilicity, with ...

4.12 : Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors

4.12 : Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors

Drug binding to proteins depends on various factors, including physicochemical properties, protein concentration, disease states, and the number of ...

4.13 : Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions

4.13 : Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions

Drug displacement interactions arise when drugs compete for the same binding site, leading to displacement. The extent of displacement depends on the ...

4.14 : Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors

4.14 : Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors

Protein-drug binding varies with many patient-related factors. Age impacts binding due to varying protein content in different age groups. Neonates ...

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