Name: preparation and high-temperature anti-adhesion behavior of a slippery surface on stainless steel
Uploaded: 2018-03-29T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 52 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel at JoVE.com

この仕事は、中国の国家自然科学基金 (許可番号 51290292) によって支えられた、また博士課程の学生のための学術の卓越性基盤の機械製造及びオートメによって支えられました。

1. ステンレス鋼の写真平版
<ol><li>機械図面のソフトウェアを使用してフォトマスクを設計し、フォトマスク プリンター4にそれを提出することにより、デザインを作製します。</li>
	<li>洗浄ステンレス (316 SS; lengthx 幅: 4 cm × 4 cm、厚さ: 1 mm) アルカリ溶液 (50 g/L の水酸化ナトリウムと 40 グラム/L の Na2CO3) 油汚染物質を除去する 15 分の室温での洗浄によって。</li>
	<li>超音波洗浄機の超音波洗浄を行いステンレス鋼を徹底的に掃除 (動作周波数: 40 KHz の超音波出力: 500 W)。脱イオン水、n-ヘキサン、アセトン、エタノール 10 分と順番にすすいでください。</li>
	<li>ステンレス鋼を配置することによってホット プレート上 150 ° c 30 分保護ステンレス鋼アルミニウム (Al) 箔のシートで覆うことによって乾燥します。</li>
	<li>スピン コーター部にステンレス鋼を配置します。フォトレジストは完全にステンレス鋼をカバーするまで、エッジ ・ センターから、ステンレスの上にポジ型フォトレジスト (約 1 mL) を入金するのにドロッパーを使用します。気泡のフォトレジストを避けてください。<ol>
<li>最初 6 700 回転/分の速度でスピン コーティングを行う s スピン サイクルを開始する 15 1,500 回転/分の速度で s、フォトレジストを均等に配分します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>真空バルブを解放し、ピンセットのペアを使用してステンレス鋼を取得します。フォトレジストを焼く 2 分の 120 ° C のホット プレートにステンレス鋼を配置します。</li>
	<li>場所写真平版機の真空バルブのステンレス鋼。写真平版機の露光時間を 25 に設定 s。 注: ここでは、フォトリソグラフィ マシンは 254 の紫外線 (UV) 光波長:mems nm と 13 mW/cm2の光の強さ。</li>
	<li>ステンレス鋼を解放し、開発者向けフォトレジストを UV ライトにそれを公開することがなく削除する 1 分。開発者ソリューションからステンレス鋼を除去、脱イオン水で洗って、N2ガス下で乾燥します。</li>
	<li>2 分の 120 ° C で焼くホット プレートにステンレス鋼を配置します。</li>
	<li>得られたレジスト テクスチャを検査するのにステンレス鋼の表面を観察するのに、100 倍の倍率で正立型顕微鏡を使用します。</li>
</ol>2. ステンレス鋼のエッチング
<ol><li>エッチング液 200 mL (400 g/L した FeCl3、リン酸 20 g/L と 100 g/L の塩酸) 500 mL ビーカーの容積と化学を準備します。</li>
	<li>10 分の薬液にフォトレジストの質感とステンレスを配置します。互いに接触するステンレス鋼片を許可しません。一度に最大 4 つのステンレス鋼片を配置します。</li>
	<li>ピンセットを使用して化学的にエッチングされたステンレスを取り出す、1 分、脱イオン水で部分を洗浄し、N2ガスで乾かします。</li>
	<li>フォトレジスト テクスチャを削除するには、5 分間超音波洗浄用アセトンでステンレス鋼を水没します。N2ガスを化学的にエッチングされたステンレスを乾かします。</li>
</ol>3. 自己組織化学的にエッチングされたステンレスの OTS
<ol><li>脱イオン水の安定したストリームを化学的にエッチングされたステンレスをきれい、N2ガス、乾燥、表面が完全に乾燥する 30 分間 100 ° C のホット プレートの上に置きます。</li>
	<li>10 分、100 mbar の圧力、流量 20 sccm の 100 W の RF 電力の RF プラズマ機 O2プラズマ治療と化学的にエッチングされたステンレス鋼を hydroxylate します。</li>
	<li>ビーカーに無水トルエン 1 mM OTS ソリューションを準備します。ソリューションの準備の前に徹底的にビーカーを乾燥させます。</li>
	<li>室温で 4 h の OTS ソリューションと化学的にエッチングされたステンレスをすすいでください。密封された袋にビーカーを置きます。互いに接触するステンレス鋼片を許可しません。</li>
	<li>ステンレス鋼を取り外して無水トルエンとそれをきれいに、10 分間超音波洗浄を行い N2ガス乾燥します。</li>
</ol>4. 滑りやすい表面処理
<ol><li>約 10 mL/cm2シリコーン オイルを入金 (粘度: 350 cst; 表面張力: 21.1 mN/m) スポイトを使用して OTS コーティング、化学的にエッチングされたステンレスの上に。</li>
	<li>ステンレス鋼の表面 (10 x の倍率) のシリコーン オイルのぬれプロセスを観察するのに光学顕微鏡を使用します。</li>
	<li>ステンレス鋼を 1 h の垂直位置に配置することによって余分なシリコン オイルを削除します。</li>
</ol>5. 水の滑りやすい路面のすべり挙動の調査
<ol><li>滑りやすい面上 4 μ L の水滴を入金します。光学顕微鏡下におけるステンレス鋼を配置し、基板を 〜 2 ° 傾斜します。</li>
	<li>滑りやすい表面に摺動特性を簡単であることを確認する低倍率 (50 倍) で滑りやすい面上スライド水滴を視覚化します。</li>
</ol>6. 高温で滑りやすい表面上でアンチの濡れの解析
<ol><li>ピンセットを使用してホット プレート上滑りやすい表面にステンレスを配置します。(すなわち、 200 ° C 250 ° C、300 ° C) 異なる温度で反ぬれ挙動を分析する別の高温ホット プレートを設定します。 注意: 高温ステンレス鋼の手で直接触れないでください。</li>
	<li>滑りやすい表面に 10 μ L の水滴を入金するのにマイクロ注射器を使用します。 注: 水液滴を削除する前に滑りやすい表面の温度が均衡に達する必要があります。</li>
	<li>高速カメラを使用すると、フレーム レートは 500 Hz の水液滴の動きを記録します。<ol>
<li>三脚にカメラを固定、ステンレス鋼へのカメラのレンズを直接します。澄んだ水の液滴の画像を取得するカメラのフォーカスを調整します。ステンレス鋼表面上の水滴の動きを記録するには、カメラのスタート ボタンを押します。水液滴スライド オフ レコーディングを完了するステンレス製カメラの終了ボタンを押してください。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>7. 滑りやすい表面の軟部組織の癒着防止効果の解析
<ol><li>マニピュレーターを使用、動力計、ホット プレート、付着性を設定する固定具力計測プラットフォーム4、図 3 aに示すように。</li>
	<li>ホット プレート上試料の表面を配置します。プレートにステンレス鋼を修正するのにクランプを使用します。一定の高温試験表面を熱(例えば、 300 ° C)。 注: 試料の表面は、滑りやすい表面に効率的な熱輸送を確保するためのホット プレート密接にお問い合わせください。</li>
	<li>マニピュレーターにダイナモを修正します。シリンダー テーブルを接続 (直径: 2 cm) 軟部組織として機能する力頭の固定プラットフォーム。</li>
	<li>軟部組織を修正(例えば、鶏の胸肉; 長さ: 5 センチメートル、幅: 2 cm、厚さ: 3 mm) 細いワイヤを使用してシリンダー テーブルの上に。軟部組織の表面は約もを確認します。</li>
	<li>ダイナモ マニピュレーターのモーション ボタンを回転させることにより、特定の最大フォース (例えば4.5 N) に達するまでは、1 mm/s の速度で試験面に軟部組織をロードします。その後、同じ速度で軟部組織をアンロードします。</li>
	<li>データ伝送線路を用いた動力計にコンピューターを接続し、軟部組織と試料の表面との間のリアルタイムの力を記録します。</li>
</ol>

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本稿では細部の高温耐滑りやすい表面を製造するためのプロトコル。私たちの準備された表面の滑りやすいプロパティは、水滴の簡単な滑り挙動を観察することによって示されました。その後、高温の表面に水滴を付着することによって異なる高温で準備された滑りやすい表面の反湿潤を調べた。それで 300 ° C 以上に加熱したときにも準備された滑りやすい表面は、滑りやすいプロパティを...

高温液体や軟部組織で使用するため抗接着面は電気外科的器具で潜在的な広範な応用のためかなりの関心を受けているエンジン、パイプライン等1,2,3,4. 材料表面、特に超撥水表面は優れた反湿潤能力およびセルフ クリーニング特性5のための理想的な選択肢と見なされます。超撥水表面で反ぬれ性は、表面の構造でロックされた空気に帰されるべき。しかし、キャシー バクスター状態6,7だから、超撥水状態は安定しました。また、高温反液滴のぬれはヴェンツェル状態8キャシー バクスターから濡れ状態転移のために失敗します。この濡れ転移は、その場所の空気をロックに失敗した結果、構造体に小さな液滴濡れによって誘導されます。
最近では、食虫植物では、ウツボカズラの peritome の滑りやすい性質に触発さウォンら報告表面構造の9,10 に潤滑剤を注入することによって滑りを構築する概念 ,11。毛管力による構造は、超撥水表面上のロックされた空気のポケットと同様の場所で潤滑剤をしっかりと保持できます。したがって、潤滑剤及び表面構造は、安定した固体/液体表面を形成できます。複合表面上の液滴が非常に低い接触角ヒステリシスだけで簡単に、スライドできる潤滑剤に表面構造に対する優遇親和性がある場合 (例えば、 ~ 2 °)12。この潤滑層に顕著な反濡れ機能13、医療14,15の大きな可能性を示す表面ができます。ただし、滑りに関する先行研究では、主に常温または低温でのアプリケーションのための準備に焦点を当てた。高温耐滑りの準備に非常にほとんどの研究がありません。たとえば、張らは、潤滑剤の急速な蒸発が急速にでも少し高温16で滑りやすい特性の障害を引き起こすことを示した。
高耐熱性で滑りやすい路面はアプリケーションのポテンシャルを広げることができます。たとえば、液体障壁として電気楽器のヒントに軟部組織の付着を減少に使用できます。外科手術中に重度軟部組織癒着は電気楽器のヒントの高温のため発生します。ヒント17,18,19周辺の軟部組織を涙の機器の先端に付着する原因と、軟部組織を炭化できます。電気計測器の先端に付着の軟部組織操作に悪影響を及ぼす作用も止血19,20の失敗を引き起こす可能性があります.これらの効果は、人々 の健康と経済的利益を著しく損います。したがって、電気外科的器具に軟部組織の付着の問題の解決は、非常に緊急です。実際には、滑りやすい路面は、この問題を解決する機会を提供しています。
ここでは、高温で利用できる滑りやすい表面を作製するためのプロトコルを提案する.ステンレス鋼の高温抵抗表面材として抜擢。ステンレス鋼は、フォトリソグラフィ シスト化学エッチングによって荒くだった。その後、表面修飾と生体適合性材料、生理食塩水オクタデシルトリクロロシラン (OTS)21,22,23,24だった。滑りやすい路面は、シリコーン オイルを追加することによって準備されました。これらの材料は、高耐熱性を達成するために滑りやすい表面を有効にします。高温と軟部組織の癒着防止効果でアンチのぬれ性を調べた。結果は、高温で癒着防止問題を解決するために滑りやすい路面を使用しての可能性を示します。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Stainless steel</td><td>Hongtu Corporation</td><td>316</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Octadecyltrichlorosilane</td><td>Huaxia Reagent</td><td>112-04-9</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Photoresist</td><td>Kempur Microelectronic Corporation</td><td>317S</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Silicone oil</td><td>Beijing Chemical Works</td><td>350 cst</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Anhydrous toluene</td><td>Beijing Chemical Works</td><td>108-88-3</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Phosphoric acid (H&lt;span class=&quot;font7&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font0&quot;&gt;PO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font7&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font0&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</td><td>Tianjin Chemical Corporation</td><td>7664-38-2</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</td><td>Tianjin Chemical Corporation</td><td>7647-01-0</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;span class=&quot;font0&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font8&quot;&gt;erric chloride (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font0&quot;&gt;FeCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font7&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font8&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</td><td>Tianjin Chemical Corporation</td><td>7705-08-0</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Optical upright microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>BX51</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Optical stereo microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>SZX16</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>High speed camera</td><td>Olympus</td><td>i-SPEED LT</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultrasonic cleaner</td><td>KUNSHAN ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS CO. LTD</td><td>KQ-500E</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dynamometer</td><td>Yueqing Handapi Instruments Co. Ltd</td><td>HP-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manipulator</td><td>Yueqing Handapi Instruments Co. Ltd</td><td>HLD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hot plate</td><td>Shenzhen Jingyihuang Corporation</td><td>DRB-1</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

preparation and high-temperature anti-adhesion behavior of a slippery surface on stainless steel

高温抵抗耐表面電気外科的器具、エンジン、およびパイプラインの潜在的な用途があります。典型的な反濡れ超撥水表面は、高温の液体にさらされると簡単に失敗します。最近、ウツボカズラ-インスピレーションの滑りやすい路面接着の問題を解決する新しい方法を示した。滑りやすい表面に潤滑層反発材料と表面構造間の障壁として使用できます。しかし、以前の研究で滑りやすい路面はほとんど高温抵抗を示した。ここでは、高温耐滑りの準備のためのプロトコルについて述べる。フォトリソグラフィによる方法は、ステンレス鋼の柱構造を作製する使用されました。生理食塩水で表面による、滑りやすい表面はシリコン オイルを追加することによって準備されました。準備された滑りやすい表面、水の反ぬれ性を維持は、表面で 300 ° C に加熱したときにもまた、滑りやすい表面は偉大な癒着防止に及ぼす高温で軟部組織を展示しました。このタイプのステンレス鋼の滑り面には、医療機器、機械設備などのアプリケーションがあります。

滑りやすい路面は、OTS コーティング、化学的にエッチングされたステンレス鋼にシリコーン オイルを追加することによって準備されました。彼らと同様の化学的性質により表面は完全にシリコン オイルで湿らせた。ぬれプロセスは、図 1 aに表示されます。赤の点線は、濡れ行をマークします。ぬれ後、表示オイル層は乾燥した部分から区別す...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel at JoVE.com

Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel

滑りやすい路面では、接着の問題を解決する新しい方法を提供します。このプロトコルでは、高温で滑りやすいサーフェスを作成する方法について説明します。結果は、滑りやすい路面が反湿潤液体や高温で柔らかいティッシュの驚くべき癒着防止効果を示したことを示します。

ステンレス鋼の滑りやすい表面の作製と高温の反付着挙動

Anti-adhesion surfaces with high-temperature resistance have a wide application potential in electrosurgical instruments, engines, and pipelines. A ...

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7.5K ビュー.  Beihang University. 滑りやすい路面では、接着の問題を解決する新しい方法を提供します。このプロトコルでは、高温で滑りやすいサーフェスを作成する方法について説明します。結果は、滑りやすい路面が反湿潤液体や高温で柔らかいティッシュの驚くべき癒着防止効果を示したことを示します。

ビデオ: Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Atomic force spectroscopy is an ideal tool to study molecules at surfaces and interfaces. An experimental protocol to couple a large variety of single molecules covalently onto an AFM tip is presented. At the same time the AFM tip is passivated to prevent unspecific interactions between the tip and the substrate, which is a prerequisite to study single molecules attached to the AFM tip. Analyses to determine the adhesion force, the adhesion length, and the free energy of these molecules on solid surfaces and bio-interfaces are shortly presented and external references for further reading are provided. Example molecules are the poly(amino acid) polytyrosine, the graft polymer PI-g-PS and the phospholipid POPE (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine). These molecules are desorbed from different surfaces like CH3-SAMs, hydrogen terminated diamond and supported lipid bilayers under various solvent conditions. Finally, the advantages of force spectroscopic single molecule experiments are discussed including means to decide if truly a single molecule has been studied in the experiment.

A protocol to couple a large variety of single molecules covalently onto an AFM tip is presented. Procedures and examples to determine the adhesion force and free energy of these molecules on solid supports and bio-interfaces are provided.

原子間力分光法による単一分子の接着性を調査

Atomic force spectroscopy is an ideal tool to study molecules at surfaces and interfaces. An experimental protocol to couple a large variety of single ...

工学

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

Controlling interfacial tension is an effective method for manipulating the shape, position, and flow of fluids at sub-millimeter length scales, where interfacial tension is a dominant force. A variety of methods exist for controlling the interfacial tension of aqueous and organic liquids on this scale; however, these techniques have limited utility for liquid metals due to their large interfacial tension.
Liquid metals can form soft, stretchable, and shape-reconfigurable components in electronic and electromagnetic devices. Although it is possible to manipulate these fluids via mechanical methods (e.g., pumping), electrical methods are easier to miniaturize, control, and implement. However, most electrical techniques have their own constraints: electrowetting-on-dielectric requires large (kV) potentials for modest actuation, electrocapillarity can affect relatively small changes in the interfacial tension, and continuous electrowetting is limited to plugs of the liquid metal in capillaries.
Here, we present a method for actuating gallium and gallium-based liquid metal alloys via an electrochemical surface reaction. Controlling the electrochemical potential on the surface of the liquid metal in electrolyte rapidly and reversibly changes the interfacial tension by over two orders of magnitude ( &#820;500 mN/m to near zero). Furthermore, this method requires only a very modest potential (&#60; 1 V) applied relative to a counter electrode. The resulting change in tension is due primarily to the electrochemical deposition of a surface oxide layer, which acts as a surfactant; removal of the oxide increases the interfacial tension, and vice versa. This technique can be applied in a wide variety of electrolytes and is independent of the substrate on which it rests.

We present a method to control the interfacial energy of a liquid metal in an electrolyte via electrochemical deposition (or removal) of a surface oxide layer. This simple method can control the capillary behavior of gallium-based liquid metals by tuning the interfacial energy rapidly, significantly, and reversibly using modest voltages.

表面酸化と還元を経て液体金属の表面張力を操作する方法

Controlling interfacial tension is an effective method for manipulating the shape, position, and flow of fluids at sub-millimeter length scales, where ...

化学

The Evolution of Silica Nanoparticle-polyester Coatings on Surfaces Exposed to Sunlight

Corrosion of metallic surfaces is prevalent in the environment and is of great concern in many areas, including the military, transport, aviation, building and food industries, amongst others. Polyester and coatings containing both polyester and silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) have been widely used to protect steel substrata from corrosion. In this study, we utilized X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared micro-spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, optical profiling and atomic force microscopy to provide an insight into how exposure to sunlight can cause changes in the micro- and nanoscale integrity of the coatings. No significant change in surface micro-topography was detected using optical profilometry, however, statistically significant nanoscale changes to the surface were detected using atomic force microscopy. Analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection infrared micro-spectroscopy data revealed that degradation of the ester groups had occurred through exposure to ultraviolet light to form COO&#903;, -H2C&#903;, -O&#903;, -CO&#903; radicals. During the degradation process, CO and CO2 were also produced.

Two types of surfaces, polyester-coated steel and polyester coated with a layer of silica nanoparticles, were studied. Both surfaces were exposed to sunlight, which was found to cause substantial changes in the chemistry and nanoscale topography of the surface.

日光への露出表面上にシリカナノ粒子 - ポリエステルコーティングの進化

Corrosion of metallic surfaces is prevalent in the environment and is of great concern in many areas, including the military, transport, aviation, ...

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 and a superhydrophobic agent were coated on the HGM surface in one step. TBT and PFOTES were selected as the Ti source and the superhydrophobic agent, respectively. They were both coated on the HGM, and after the hydrothermal process, the TBT turned to anatase TiO2. In this way, a PFOTES/TiO2-coated HGM (MCHGM) was prepared. For comparison, PFOTES single-coated HGM (F-SCHGM) and TiO2 single-coated HGM (Ti-SCHGM) were synthesized as well. The PFOTES and TiO2 coatings on the HGM surface were demonstrated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive detector (EDS) characterizations. The MCHGM showed a higher contact angle (153&#176;) but a lower sliding angle (16&#176;) than F-SCHGM, with a contact angle of 141.2&#176; and a sliding angle of 67&#176;. In addition, both Ti-SCHGM and MCHGM displayed similar IR reflectivity values, which were about 5.8% higher than the original HGM and F-SCHGM. Also, the PFOTES coating barely changed the thermal conductivity. Therefore, F-SCHGM, with a thermal conductivity of 0.0479 W/(m&#183;K), was quite like the original HGM, which was 0.0475 W/(m&#183;K). MCHGM and Ti-SCHGM were also similar. Their thermal conductivity values were 0.0543 W/(m&#183;K) and 0.0543 W/(m&#183;K), respectively. The TiO2 coating slightly increased the thermal conductivity, but with the increase in reflectivity, the overall heat-insulation property was enhanced. Finally, since the IR-reflecting property is provided by the HGM coating, if the coating is fouled, the reflectivity decreases. Therefore, with the superhydrophobic coating, the surface is protected from fouling, and its lifetime is also prolonged.

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

たTiO<sub&gt; 2</subソフト化学法により合成超疎水性と高IR反射特性を持つ&gt;でコーティングされた中空ガラスマイクロスフェア

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 ...

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

In this study, pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the number of interlines and the orientation of the hybrid wettable pattern. Hybrid wettable patterns were produced by coating superhydrophilic SiO2 on a masked, hydrophobic, cylindrical copper surface. Using de-ionized (DI) water as the working fluid, pool-boiling heat-transfer studies were conducted on the different surface-treated copper cylinders of a 25-mm diameter and a 40-mm length. The experimental results showed that the number of interlines and the orientation of the hybrid wettable pattern influenced the wall superheat and the HTC. By increasing the number of interlines, the HTC was enhanced when compared to the plain surface. Images obtained from the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera indicated that more bubbles formed on the interlines as compared to other parts. The hybrid wettable pattern with the lowermost section being hydrophobic gave the best heat-transfer coefficient (HTC). The experimental results indicated that the bubble dynamics of the surface is an important factor that determines the nucleate boiling.

Pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were carried out to observe the effects of hybrid wettable patterns on the heat-transfer coefficient (HTC). The parameters of investigation are the number of interlines and the pattern orientation of the modified wettable surface.

ハイブリッド湿潤性パターンを持つ円筒面上のプール沸騰熱伝達の強化

In this study, pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the number of interlines and the orientation of the ...

Failure of Cleaning Verification in Pharmaceutical Industry Due to Uncleanliness of Stainless Steel Surface

The aim of this work is to identify the parameters that affect the recovery of pharmaceutical residues from the surface of stainless steel coupons. A series of factors were assessed, including drug product spike levels, spiking procedure, drug-excipient ratios, analyst-to-analyst variability, intraday variability, and cleaning procedure of the coupons. The lack of a well-defined procedure that consistently cleaned the coupon surface was identified as the major contributor to low and variable recoveries. Assessment of cleaning the surface of the coupons with clean-in-place solutions (CIP) gave high recovery (&#62;90%) and reproducible results (Srel&#8804;4%) regardless of the conditions that were assessed previously. The approach was successfully applied for cleaning verification of small molecules (MW &#60;1,000 Da) as well as large biomolecules (MW up to 50,000 Da).

The lack of a well-defined procedure that consistently cleaned coupon surfaces was identified as the major contributor to low and variable recoveries in cleaning verification. This manuscript describes the correct protocol of cleaning stainless steel coupons.

クリーニング ステンレス鋼表面の不潔による医薬品業界における検証の失敗

The aim of this work is to identify the parameters that affect the recovery of pharmaceutical residues from the surface of stainless steel coupons. A ...

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in industry. The wettability of the produced surface was analyzed by bouncing drop experiments and the topography was analyzed by confocal microscopy. In addition, we show various methodologies to measure its durability and anti-icing properties. Superhydrophobic surfaces hold a special texture that must be preserved to keep their water-repellency. To fabricate durable surfaces, we followed two strategies to incorporate a resistant texture. The first strategy is a direct incorporation of roughness to the metal substrate by acid etching. After this surface texturization, the surface energy was decreased by silanization or fluoropolymer deposition. The second strategy is the growth of a ceria layer (after surface texturization) that should enhance the surface hardness and corrosion resistance. The surface energy was decreased with a stearic acid film.
The durability of the superhydrophobic surfaces was examined by a particle impact test, mechanical wear by lateral abrasion, and UV-ozone resistance. The anti-icing properties were explored by studying the ability to repeal subcooled water, freezing delay, and ice adhesion.

We illustrate several methodologies to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces and to explore their durability and anti-icing properties.

防氷用超撥水の金属表面の作製

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in ...

Determining Tribocorrosion Rate and Wear-Corrosion Synergy of Bulk and Thin Film Aluminum Alloys

The increasing complexity and severity of service conditions in areas, such as aerospace and marine industries, nuclear systems, microelectronics, batteries, and biomedical devices, etc., impose great challenges on the reliable performance of alloys exposed to extreme conditions where mechanical and electrochemical attack co-exist. Finding ways for alloys to mitigate the combined attack of wear and corrosion (i.e., tribocorrosion) under such extreme conditions is thus highly critical for improving their reliability and service lifetime when used in such conditions. The challenge lies in the fact that wear and corrosion are not independent of each other, but rather work synergistically to accelerate the total material loss. Thus, a reliable method to evaluate the tribocorrosion resistance of metals and alloys is needed. Here, a protocol for measuring the tribocorrosion rate and wear-corrosion synergy of Al-based bulk and thin film samples in a corrosive environment under room temperature is presented.

Here, we present a protocol to measure the tribocorrosion rate and wear-corrosion synergy of thin film and bulk Al alloys in simulated sea water at room temperature.

Tribocorrosion レートおよびバルク ・薄膜アルミニウム合金の摩耗腐食相乗効果を決定します。

The increasing complexity and severity of service conditions in areas, such as aerospace and marine industries, nuclear systems, microelectronics, ...

Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens

This study presents a methodology for the rapid fabrication and micro-tensile testing of additively manufactured (AM) 17-4PH stainless steels by combining photolithography, wet-etching, focused ion beam (FIB) milling, and modified nanoindentation. Detailed procedures for proper sample surface preparation, photo-resist placement, etchant preparation, and FIB sequencing are described herein to allow for high throughput (rapid) specimen fabrication from bulk AM 17-4PH stainless steel volumes. Additionally, procedures for the nano-indenter tip modification to allow tensile testing are presented and a representative micro specimen is fabricated and tested to failure in tension. Tensile-grip-to-specimen alignment and sample engagement were the main challenges of the micro-tensile testing; however, by reducing the indenter tip dimensions, alignment and engagement between the tensile grip and specimen were improved. Results from the representative micro-scale in situ SEM tensile test indicate a single slip plane specimen fracture (typical of a ductile single crystal failure), differing from macro-scale AM 17-4PH post-yield tensile behavior.

Presented here is a procedure for measuring fundamental material properties through micromechanical tension testing. Described are the methods for micro-tensile specimen fabrication (allowing rapid micro-specimen fabrication from bulk material volumes by combining photolithography, chemical etching, and focused ion beam milling), indenter tip modification, and micromechanical tension testing (including an example).

加法で製造された17-4 PHステンレス鋼の標本のマイクロメカニカルテンション試験

This study presents a methodology for the rapid fabrication and micro-tensile testing of additively manufactured (AM) 17-4PH stainless steels by combining ...

Mitigation of Blood Borne Cell Attachment to Metal Implants through CD47-Derived Peptide Immobilization

The key complications associated with bare metal stents and drug eluting stents are in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis, respectively. Thus, improving the biocompatibility of metal stents remains a significant challenge. The goal of this protocol is to describe a robust technique of metal surface modification by biologically active peptides to increase biocompatibility of blood contacting medical implants, including endovascular stents. CD47 is an immunological species-specific marker of self and has anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have shown that a 22 amino acid peptide corresponding to the Ig domain of CD47 in the extracellular region (pepCD47), has anti-inflammatory properties like the full-length protein. In vivo studies in rats, and ex vivo studies in rabbit and human blood experimental systems from our lab have demonstrated that pepCD47 immobilization on metals improves their biocompatibility by preventing inflammatory cell attachment and activation. This paper describes the step-by step protocol for the functionalization of metal surfaces and peptide attachment. The metal surfaces are modified using polyallylamine bisphosphate with latent thiol groups (PABT) followed by deprotection of thiols and amplification of thiol-reactive sites via reaction with polyethyleneimine installed with pyridyldithio groups (PEI-PDT). Finally, pepCD47, incorporating terminal cysteine residues connected to the core peptide sequence through a dual 8-amino-3,6-dioxa-octanoyl spacer, are attached to the metal surface via disulfide bonds. This methodology of peptide attachment to metal surface is efficient and relatively inexpensive and thus can be applied to improve biocompatibility of several metallic biomaterials.

Presented here is a protocol for appending peptide CD47 (pepCD47) to metal stents using polybisphosphonate chemistry. Functionalization of metal stents using pepCD47 prevents the attachment and activation of inflammatory cells thus improving their biocompatibility.

CD47由来ペプチド固定化による金属インプラントへの血液媒介性細胞の取り付けの軽減

The key complications associated with bare metal stents and drug eluting stents are in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis, respectively. Thus, ...

ステンレス鋼の滑りやすい表面の作製と高温の反付着挙動

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原子間力分光法による単一分子の接着性を調査

表面酸化と還元を経て液体金属の表面張力を操作する方法

日光への露出表面上にシリカナノ粒子 - ポリエステルコーティングの進化

たTiO

ハイブリッド湿潤性パターンを持つ円筒面上のプール沸騰熱伝達の強化

クリーニングステンレス鋼表面の不潔による医薬品業界における検証の失敗

防氷用超撥水の金属表面の作製

Tribocorrosion レートおよびバルク・薄膜アルミニウム合金の摩耗腐食相乗効果を決定します。

加法で製造された17-4 PHステンレス鋼の標本のマイクロメカニカルテンション試験

CD47由来ペプチド固定化による金属インプラントへの血液媒介性細胞の取り付けの軽減

ステンレス鋼の滑りやすい表面の作製と高温の反付着挙動

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日光への露出表面上にシリカナノ粒子 - ポリエステルコーティングの進化

たTiO

ハイブリッド湿潤性パターンを持つ円筒面上のプール沸騰熱伝達の強化

クリーニング ステンレス鋼表面の不潔による医薬品業界における検証の失敗

防氷用超撥水の金属表面の作製

Tribocorrosion レートおよびバルク ・薄膜アルミニウム合金の摩耗腐食相乗効果を決定します。

加法で製造された17-4 PHステンレス鋼の標本のマイクロメカニカルテンション試験

CD47由来ペプチド固定化による金属インプラントへの血液媒介性細胞の取り付けの軽減

クリーニングステンレス鋼表面の不潔による医薬品業界における検証の失敗

Tribocorrosion レートおよびバルク・薄膜アルミニウム合金の摩耗腐食相乗効果を決定します。