この研究は、ノーステキサス大学の研究と経済開発のための副社長の研究開始グラント（RIG）（UNT）から支援を受けました。著者らはまた、部分的に、この研究を支援するためのKCIS株式会社に感謝します。本書の成功にUNTでPACCAR技術研究所からのサポートが大幅に高く評価されています。

実験1.計画<ol><li> 図1に示すように、コンピュータ支援設計（CAD）ソフトウェアを使用して犠牲パターン（スプルーシステムとのオクテットトラス構造）を描き、STLファイル形式としてCADモデルを保存します。 注：犠牲パターンは、最終的に鋳造するために溶融されるスプルーシステムとオクテットトラス構造の統合されたパターンです。犠牲パターンは、オクテットトラス構造とスプルーシステムの両方が含まれているため、それは正確にオクテットトラス自体を表すものではありません。犠牲パターンのSTLファイルが提供されます。金属「質量を計算するために使用されるCADソフトウェアによって提供される犠牲パターンの体積を記録します。 </li><li>パターンを印刷するための3Dプリンタに接続された3D印刷ソフトウェア上の犠牲パターンのCAD図面を開きます。 </li><li> 3Dプリンタは十分なUV硬化型/キャスタブルアクリルプラスチックとワックスからなる支持材料を持っていることを確認してくださいプリンタのカートリッジインチ</li></ol>犠牲パターンの2製作<ol><li>オクテットトラス構造と3Dプリンタ（ - C図2A）を使用して、湯口システムからなる犠牲パターンを製造しています。 注意：2.1.3でのプロセス - サポート資料を生成しない3Dプリンタが使用されている場合2.1.7は必要ありません。 <ol><li>犠牲パターン（ 図2A）を印刷するために3Dプリンタに犠牲パターンのSTLファイルを送信します。 </li><li> 2時間（ 図2B）のために- （70 C 60）支持体材料の溶融温度以上のオーブンで犠牲パターンの支持材を融解します。 注：支持材料を除去するための温度が高すぎてはなりません。それ以外の場合は、犠牲パターンに損傷を与える可能性があります。犠牲パターンは、この研究では、約80℃に傷つく開始します。 注：supporの溶融温度をTの材料は、異なる支持体材料を使用することができる3Dプリンタによって変化します。 </li><li> 2.5 Lにベビーオイルを上にして、デジタル超音波洗浄器に必要事項を記入し、掃除機に格納できる最大容量（ 図2C）。 注：これは、ワックス状担体材料の残留物を溶解するベビーオイルを使用する3次元プリンタの供給業者によって推奨されました。 </li><li>デジタル超音波洗浄器に犠牲パターンを入れて、クリーナー（ 図2C）の電源をオンにしてください。犠牲パターンが完全に油に沈めていることを確認します。 </li><li> 40分（ 図2C）のために65℃の油に犠牲パターンを浸漬することによって、支持体材料の残留物を取り除きます。 </li><li>支持材料が完全に削除されている場合は掃除機から犠牲パターンを取り出します。 </li><li> RT（〜20℃）（ 図2C）でファンを犠牲パターンの乾燥を持っています。 注：これは、約2時間かかります犠牲パターンの表面にオイルが完全に乾燥するまで。表面が粘着性でない場合、完全に乾燥する犠牲パターンを考えてみましょう。 </li></ol></li></ol>金型の3製作<ol><li> パターンアセンブリ <ol><li>犠牲パターン（スプルーシステムとのオクテットトラス）にゴムパッキンを取り付け、6.35センチメートルの高さと6.35センチメートル（ 図2D）の直径を有する円筒形のフラスコの底の上に置きます。 注：各金属を鋳造するための2つのフラスコを準備します。 AlとCuの合金。 </li><li>ダブルチェック犠牲パターンを有するゴムガスケットを完全にフラスコの底部に取り付けられています。 </li><li>その手順を、次のセクションで説明される投資粉末 - 水混合物は、フラスコから漏れないように、ダクトテープでフラスコを包みます。 </li></ol></li><li> 投資金型の製造 <ol><li>投資粉末を準備します（たCaSO 4 </sUB&gt;、ρ= 1019キロ/ m 3）で87.16ミリリットルで89グラム、の。投資粉末を計量のスケールを使用してください。 注：投資粉末の物性を表1に示します。 </li><li>ミキシングボウル（1 L）に投資粉末を注ぎます。 </li><li>ミキシングボウルに水（114ミリリットル）を注ぎます。水の量を測定するために、ビーカーを使用してください。 </li><li> 3分間ボウルに水と投資の粉を混ぜます。投資粉末 - 水混合物中の塊が存在しなくなるまでよく混ぜます。それ以外の場合は、投資型の貧弱な表面品質を引き起こし得ます。 図3に示すように、作業の流れに従ってください。 </li><li>気泡が裸目（ 図3）との混合物に見られなくなるまで、混合物内の気泡を除去するために、90秒間真空チャンバ内にボウルを置きます。 </li><li>犠牲パターンとゴムパッキン（ 図2E）を埋め込 ​​むフラスコに混合物を注ぎます。 </li><li> FLAを配置混合物（図3）の内部に気泡の残留物を除去するために90秒間再び真空チャンバー中のK。 </li><li>それはRT（ 図3）で硬化されるまで、フラスコ内の混合物を乾燥させます。 注意：通常は、約10かかり - RTで硬化される混合物のための15分。 </li><li>混合物を（ 図3）硬化された後、フラスコ内の混合物の底でフラスコとゴムパッキンを取り外します。この製品は、石膏型と呼ばれてもよいです。 </li></ol></li><li> 燃え尽きる <ol><li> 2.1℃/分で150℃まで23から（ 図4）加熱の加熱を、以下のスケジュールを冷却しながら炉内でバーンアウト時間を設定します。 3.7℃/分で150〜370℃; 1.85℃/分で370〜480℃; 4.17℃/分で480〜730℃; 1時間730℃; -4.17℃/分で480℃に730を冷却します。 注：バーンアウトvarに時間をフラスコの大きさに居住。本研究では、6時間にバーンアウト時間を設定します。 </li><li>炉（ 図2F）に石膏型を置きます。 </li><li>炉の電源をオンにし、石膏型の内側に犠牲パターンを除去するために、炉内の温度を上昇させます。 図4の温度条件に従ってください。 注：UV硬化性/キャスタブルアクリルプラスチック、犠牲パターンの材料は、熱硬化性アクリルポリマープラスチックであるため、それは流れないが、炉内の気相に分離されます。 </li></ol></li><li> 遠心鋳造 （ 図2G） <ol><li>遠心鋳造機のアームが遠心鋳造機の電源投入後タコメーターを使用して、425回転の角速度で回転することを確認してください。 </li><li> 150グラム合金が溶融するために保持することができる2つのセラミックるつぼを準備します。電子で汚染されてからそれらを保つためにAlおよびCuの合金の別々のるつぼを使用他のACH。 </li><li>遠心鋳造機の電源をオンにします。 </li><li>長さが20ミリメートル - 金属カッターを使用して、10と片に合金を切ります。完全にそのボリューム犠牲パターンと同じにする必要があり、金型キャビティを満たすのに十分なそれらを準備します。 注：金型キャビティの同じ体積を記入するために必要な金属の質量は、各金属のための様々な密度を考慮して変化します。 </li><li>難燃性布や手袋、ゴーグルを着用してください。 RTでバケツの水（30 L）を準備します。 </li><li> 、3.3節で一時的に出て炉からの石膏型を取るフラスコクレードルにそれをインストールし、遠心鋳造機（ 図5）の腕のバランスをとります。 </li><li>キャスティングの前に戻って482℃まで炉予熱までの石膏型を置きます。 </li><li>るつぼホルダ（ 図5）に坩堝を置きます。 </li><li>るつぼに刻んだ合金を入れてください。 </li><li>酸素のバルブを開き、タンクは、酸素アセチレントーチに接続し、96.5キロパスカル（​​14 PSI）のタンク内の圧力レベルを維持します。 </li><li>軽量化と酸素 - アセチレントーチを点火し、ガスのミックスを調整することにより、炎の強さを制御します。 注：酸素 - アセチレントーチを使用する場合は注意が必要です。トーチのその最高温度は約1200℃です。 </li><li>合金が完全に液体になるまでるつぼ中にトーチでみじん切り合金（Al合金またはCu合金）を溶かします。 </li><li>みじん切り合金が完全に溶融されるまで、炭素棒でるつぼ内の合金をかき混ぜます。 </li><li>バック次の溶融合金（ 図5）を含むるつぼにフラスコクレードルに石膏型を置きます。 </li><li>遠心鋳造機のカバーを閉じ、遠心アームを聞かせて回転させると、少なくとも3分間待ちます。 注：遠心鋳造機とすぐ鋳造機のカバーが閉じているように動作を開始します。遠心アーム犠牲パターンのモールドキャビティに流入速度に対応する425回転の速度で回転し、入口速度は角度から巨視的粒子のダイナミクスを使用して計算され、図5でのV R = 8.03メートル/秒28,29遠心鋳造アーム28,29の速度。 </li><li>アームの3分の回転後の遠心鋳造機の電源をオフにします。 </li><li>鋳造機のカバーを開けます。 </li><li>トングを用いてフラスコクレードルのうち、石膏型を取ります。 </li><li>溶融合金の色は固相で元の1になるまで20分 - 15 RTで金型を保管してください。 </li><li>トングを使用して、約5分間RTでバケット（30 L）に入れ、水に石膏型を急冷。石膏型の温度は、焼入れ後のRTに近いことを確認してください。 </li><li>金型内部の格子金属を得るためには、溶解水にカビ。石膏製の型は、水に溶けやすいです。 </li></ol></li></ol>オクテットトラス金属の最終製品の4ポスト処理<ol><li>サンドブラスターの電源をオンにします。 </li><li>サンドブラスター内側プラットフォームにオクテットトラス金属を配置し、機械のドアを閉じます。 </li><li>手袋を着用してくださいとサンドブラスターピストルをつかみます。 </li><li>金属製品の湯口部分をつかみ、2時​​間サンドブラスターとの格子金属から残留石膏を吹き消します。 注意：サンドブラスターの強度は、自動的に550キロパスカルで約固定されています。サンドブラスターを作動されると、その後、空気はピストルから自動的に出てきます。 </li><li>肉眼で確認しながら、オクテットトラス、金属内部の投資石膏残留物が完全に除去されるまで、サンドブラスターを実行したまま。 注：石膏残留物の除去に関する微視的な基準はありません。これは、本研究の範囲を超えています。 T彼石膏残留物の除去が容易に肉眼で判断されます。オクテットトラスは、オープンセル構造であるため、透けて見えると石膏残基が完全に除去されているかどうかどうかを確認することが可能です。 注意：注意は、高圧（550キロパスカル）で薄い壁の厚さ（0.5ミリメートル）で、オクテットトラス金属を損傷しないようにサンドブラスターのために必要とされます。 </li><li>オクテットトラス、金属内部の投資石膏残留物が完全にサンドブラスターで除去されていない場合は、追加の後処理方法を使用し、 例えば 、超音波洗浄または一日のために水の中に製品を残します。 </li><li>超音波洗浄器を用いた場合には、超音波洗浄器に0.7 Lの水を充填し、超音波洗浄器に石膏残基にオクテットトラス金属を配置します。 <ol><li>超音波洗浄機の電源をオンにします。 </li><li> 例えば、70℃で3時間、運転条件を設定します。 </li><li>一回目の超音波洗浄機のうち、オクテットトラス金属を取りますE動作を終了します。 </li><li>金属表面の水が完全に除去されるまでRTでオクテットトラス金属を乾燥させます。 </li></ol></li><li>代替後処理方法としては、水中でのオクテットトラス金属を残します。これは、石膏残留物を水に溶解させます。 <ol><li>水中での石膏残基とオクテットトラス金属を置き、投資石膏と金属表面との結合力が水に弱めるとなるように一日のためにそれを残します。 </li><li>水のうち、オクテットトラス金属を取ります。 </li><li>金属表面の水が完全に除去されるまでRTでオクテットトラス金属を乾燥させます。 </li></ol></li><li>鋸または他の適切なツールを用いて、金属製品のうち、湯口系部品の空洞を充填した金属を切断し、 図1（b）に示すように 25ミリメートル×25mm×25mmの寸法を有する最終的なオクテットトラス金属を得ます。 </li></ol>

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B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+Build+Geometry+on+the+&#946;-grain+Structure+and+Texture+in+Additive+Manufacture+of+Ti-6Al-4V+by+Selective+Election+Beam+Melting.">Effect of Build Geometry on the &#946;-grain Structure and Texture in Additive Manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V by Selective Election Beam Melting.</a> J. of Mat. Charact. 84, 153-168 (2013).</li><li>Ladani, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+and+Global+Mechanical+Behavior+and+Microstructure+of+Ti6Al4V+Parts+Built+Using+Electron+Beam+Melting+Technology.">Local and Global Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Ti6Al4V Parts Built Using Electron Beam Melting Technology.</a> J. of Metalllur. &amp; Mater. Trans. 46, (2015).</li><li>Chiras, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Structural+Performance+of+Near-Optimized+Truss+Core+Panels.">The Structural Performance of Near-Optimized Truss Core Panels.</a> Solids Struct. 39, 4093-4115 (2002).</li><li>Meisel, N. A., Williams, C. B., Druschitz, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lightweight+Metal+Celluar+Structures+via+in+Direct+3D+Printing+and+Casting.">Lightweight Metal Celluar Structures via in Direct 3D Printing and Casting.</a> Proceedings of the 24th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. , (2013).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Yun, B. -. G., Chang, B. -. M., Kim, D. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Numerical+Study+of+Molten+Aluminum+for+Investment+Casting+of+3D+Cellular+Metals.">A Numerical Study of Molten Aluminum for Investment Casting of 3D Cellular Metals.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2013).</li><li>Mun, J., Yun, B. -. G., Ju, J., Chang, B. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+Based+Casting+of+a+Periodic+3D+Cellular+Metal+-+Flow+Simulation+of+Molten+Aluminum+Alloy.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing Based Casting of a Periodic 3D Cellular Metal - Flow Simulation of Molten Aluminum Alloy.</a> Manufact. Process. 17, 28-40 (2015).</li><li>Challapalli, A., Ju, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuum+Model+for+Effective+Properties+of+Orthotropic+Octet-Truss+Lattice+Materials.">Continuum Model for Effective Properties of Orthotropic Octet-Truss Lattice Materials.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2014).</li><li>Taylor, H. F., Flemings, M. C., Wulff, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Foundry Engineering. , (1959).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Thurman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+Based+Casting+(I+AM+Casting)+of+a+Lattice+Structure.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing Based Casting (I AM Casting) of a Lattice Structure.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2014).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Thurman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+of+a+Copper+Alloy+Cubic+Lattice+Structure.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing of a Copper Alloy Cubic Lattice Structure.</a> Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. , (2014).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volume+2+Properties+and+Selection:+Nonferrous+Alloys+and+Pure+Metals.">Volume 2 Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Pure Metals.</a> Metals Handbook Ninth Edition. , (1979).</li><li>Romano, J., Ladani, L., Razmi, J., Sadowski, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature+Distribution+and+Melt+Geometry+in+Laser+and+Electron-beam+Melting+Processes+-+A+Comparison+Among+Common+Materials.">Temperature Distribution and Melt Geometry in Laser and Electron-beam Melting Processes - A Comparison Among Common Materials.</a> J. of Additive Manuf. 8, 1-11 (2015).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

従来の金属鋳造のためには、金型キャビティの「層流」でスムーズかつ合理化溶融金属の流れを維持し、むしろ一般的に乱流27で観察された不規則な攪拌流を回避することが重要です。したがって、適切に格子モールドキャビティ「層状」内部の溶融金属の流れを維持するために遠心アームの回転速度に関連した湯口システムの注入口を設計することが重要です。 <p class="jove_content...

携帯金属が固体ストラットまたはプレートの相互接続されたネットワークで構成された金属であるとボイドとの複雑なマイクロアーキテクチャを有する1。例としては、I）ランダム構造確率フォームの両方を含む、およびii）周期的に2次元ハニカム三次元（3D）の格子トラス構造を命じました。彼らは、その高い比剛性と強度1-3と高い特定の弾力4-5、衝撃荷重6、防音7、熱放散と熱交換器8の可能な設計のための優れたエネルギー吸収に注目を集めています。特に、定期的に規則格子構造は、内部多孔性ネットワークの形状を制御する能力を有する優れた特性を設計する可能性を秘めています。 それらの複雑な内部多孔性ネットワークの形状には、従来のサブトラクティブmachininを用いた携帯金属を製造することは困難ですグラム。このように、研究者らは、細胞の金属を製造するための代替方法を探し始めている：液体金属中のガスを形成するか、発泡剤と金属粉末を混合確率的金属形態9を製造するために調べました。細胞のトポロジーの制御の欠如のため、機械的特性を調整することは困難です。また、定期的に注文した携帯金属の製造方法が模索された：周期構造10を作成するためにそれらを接合することにより、その後の波形形状に金属の薄いシートを打ち抜き、接合は繊維製品13を製造するために金属板11、押出12、織りや燃える金属フィラメントをスロット。これらの製造方法は、反復パターンを提供していても、パターンが依然として平面方向に制限されています。 3Dパターンの繰り返しを生成するための努力では、研究者は、添加剤製造（AM）を使用して開始し、 例えば 、選択的レーザ溶融（SLM）14、電子ビーム溶融（EBM） <sup&gt; 15、およびダイレクトメタルレーザー焼結（DMLS）16。 3Dは、複雑な格子形状を注文製作する能力にもかかわらず、まだいくつかの制限が存在する：レーザー又は電子溶融中「ボーリング」現象と難易度の高い熱伝導性と高い光反射率17と金属を使用して、高い熱残留応力18、貧弱な表面仕上げを積層製造の複合効果による部品19、異方性20-21、粒子、粉末の大きさ、レーザまたは電子ビーム15のパワー及び走査速度、高いエネルギー消費などの異方性形成。 金属鋳造でポリマーベースのAMを組み合わせることで格子金属を製造する代替方法を提供することができます。一つは、この「間接AM」を呼び出すことができます。間接的なAMは、上記金属の直接AMの技術的問題を克服するための解決策を提供することができます。いくつかの努力がミリアンペアされていますデ22-25をキャストベースの重力を有するポリマーの3Dプリントを組み合わせた間接的なAMを使用して、格子の金属を製造する; 例えば 、熱溶解積層法（FDM）と組み合わせインベストメント鋳造法を砂の粉と合わせ格子合金22-25または砂型鋳造を製造するためにAM 23ベース。彼らは、格子構造の金型25から26の鋭い角を持つネットワーク構造を満たしたときに溶融金属の突然の凝固によって引き起こさ湯回り不良及び多孔性-重力系鋳造を克服するための技術的な課題を残っているように見えますが。格子構造の金型の比較的大きな表面積はまた、早期の凝固25-26に生じる、急激な冷却に寄与するように見えます。 3Dプリント格子犠牲ポリマーパターンによって作られた格子金型キャビティへの遠心鋳造 - 本研究では、格子金属の製造中湯回り不良を克服することができる代替間接AMを提案します。私たちは、デジタルを使います光処理（DLP）は、AlおよびCu合金の遠心鋳造に続いて格子構造犠牲パターンを構築するためのベースの3D印刷方法。本研究の目的は、複雑な形状と薄い壁厚を有する3次元格子金属の製造に関する詳細なプロトコルを提供することです。このプロセスの主な寄与は、格子金属を製造するための低コストで材料の選択範囲を拡張する機会を提供することです。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Motorized centrifugal casting machine</td><td>Rey Motorized Centrifugal Casting Machine, Rey Industries Inc.</td><td></td><td>Made in U.S.A. by Rey industries, Inc. Dallas, TX 75220</td></tr><tr><td>Gypsum powder</td><td>Satin Cast 20, FindingKing Kerr</td><td>7960</td><td>Gypsum powder is used to make the investment mixture</td></tr><tr><td>Ployjet 3D printer</td><td>Projet HD3500 Plus, 3D Systems</td><td></td><td>This polymer based 3D printer to print out sacrificial pattern for casting.</td></tr><tr><td>Cartridge materials - UV curable and castable acrylic plastic</td><td>VisiJet Procast, 3D Systems</td><td></td><td>This is castable material that is going to be burn out before casting</td></tr><tr><td>Cartridge materials- support material</td><td>VijiJet S300, 3D Systems</td><td></td><td>This is support material that is going to be removed before pattern assemble</td></tr><tr><td>Ancient Bronze Casting Grain</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>706051</td><td>This true bronze grain contains no zinc. Highly fluid, it melts quickly, casts cleanly and provides a good balance between strength and durability. The warm, deep-bronze color has rich red undertones, and the alloy takes a good patina.&lt;br/&gt; Composition is 90% copper with an amount of tin; fits into the CDA#90700 category. This grain is sold in 1 lb. packages.</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum Round Wire, 1/8&quot;, 1-Lb. Spool, Dead Soft</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>134700</td><td>Lightweight and strong, aluminum wire is an economical and versatile choice. Not as bright-white as silver, aluminum offers a warmer tone much like that of platinum. Solder ONLY with low-temp solders such as Stay-Brite; suitable for both pulse-arc and laser welding. This quality aluminum wire is packaged on 1 lb. spools.</td></tr><tr><td>Computer aided design software (Pro-e)</td><td></td><td></td><td>This software can be replaced with the others such as Auto CAD, Catia, and so on.</td></tr><tr><td>ProJet Finisher 1-A</td><td>3D Systems</td><td></td><td>This machine is used to melt the support material.</td></tr><tr><td>160 Watt 2.5 Liters Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner with Timer Heater Rings Tools</td><td>Chicago, Electric, Power Tools</td><td></td><td>85 oz. capacity, Five cleaning cycles: 90, 180, 280, 380 and 480 seconds, Clean with or without heat, Easy-to-read LED digital timer, Clear-view window</td></tr><tr><td>Fan&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Honeywell Inc.&amp;nbsp;</td><td>HT-800</td><td>120 V A.C., 60 Hz., 0.85 A. TP</td></tr><tr><td>Paraffin wax for wax sheet - Modeler&#039;s Pink Wax Sheet, 3&quot; by 6&quot;, 24-Ga.</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>700075</td><td>Sheet wax is flexible and can be cut or formed into any shape. It&amp;rsquo;s ideal for designing since you can draw or trace directly onto the sheet; choose green or pink depending on which will best show your designs. High manufacturing standards ensure exceptional consistency and significant price savings. Value is enhanced by larger package quantities at the same price as the smaller packages available elsewhere. Each 8-oz. package contains approximately 30 sheets.</td></tr><tr><td>Paraffin wax for wax stick - Modeler&#039;s Medium Red Sprue Wax, 8-Ga</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>700741</td><td>A pliable, softer sprue wax than the firm blue. Good for forming gates and sprues and burns out cleanly with no residue.</td></tr><tr><td>Alcohol Lamp</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>700008</td><td>Use this lamp to heat wax-working tools or as a flame polisher. The heavy glass reservoir has faceted sides to allow it to be tipped for angling the flame. A screw adjustment for the 7&quot; x 3/16&quot; wick controls the height of the flame. A safety cap snuffs the flame and prevents fuel evaporation. For the best flame, use methyl alcohol fuel. Replacement wicks available. Reservoir holds 5 oz. (150 ml) of fuel.</td></tr><tr><td>Wax carving tool set - Soft Grip Wax Carvers, Set of 10</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>700329</td><td>This boxed set offers the best in cutting and shaping technology. Each of these ten high-quality steel wax-carving tools features a 5/16&quot; PVC covered handle that ensures a sure, comfortable grip through hours of work and all have sharp edges for shaping and fine detailing. Sharpen or custom-shape each tool to fit your needs. These tools provide exceptional tool strength and deliver excellent results. This set comes in a hinged, foam-lined wood box.</td></tr><tr><td>Rubber Mixing Bowl, 1 - 1/2 Qt.</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>702131</td><td>This highly-flexible vulcanized rubber bowl is easy to grip, will not be marred by a spatula and cleans with ease.</td></tr><tr><td>Pyrex Beaker, 1,000ml</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>335040</td><td>Ideal for holding and heating bath plating solutions, this genuine Pyrex glass beaker is sturdy and durable.</td></tr><tr><td>Rio Premium Stainless Steel Flask, 2 - 1/2&quot; dia.</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>70201514</td><td>This solid, #304-quality stainless steel flask is corrosion-resistant, durable for a long service life and performs under extreme temperature without distortion.</td></tr><tr><td>CAST/T Ceramic Casting Crucible, 450 g</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>705047</td><td>Made exclusively for the CAST/T centrifugal casting machine, this crucible is designed with an angled base that slides into the hinged bracket on top of the casting machine. This brings the crucible into perfect alignment with the center of the flask ring to ensure an error-free pour.</td></tr><tr><td>MyWeigh iBalance 300 Digital Scale</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>116850</td><td>This scale is used to measure the weight of the sacrificial and sprue system for metal which is going to be used for centrifugal casting.</td></tr><tr><td>Rubber bottom - CAST/T Flask Ring Base</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>705025</td><td>Specially made for the CAST/T centrifugal casting machine, this rubber base accommodates all Table King flask ring styles, creating a secure, airtight seal throughout the investment process. The center post fits either of the wax disc styles for complete versatility.</td></tr><tr><td>Scotch&amp;reg; Colored Duct Tape, 1 7/8&quot; x 20 Yd., Blue</td><td>OfficeMax&amp;nbsp;</td><td>22353766</td><td>This scotch tape is used to make sure that the gypsum-water mixture fully covers the assembled sacrificial pattern inside the flask by allowing for extra material above the flask height</td></tr><tr><td>Vacuum casting machine - V.I.C. 12 Tabletop Solid- and Perforated-Flask Casting Machine with The Rio Assistant, 110-Volt</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>70511814</td><td>The V.I.C. 12 casting machine offers all the latest technical innovations for efficient, productive vacuum investing and casting. Designed to meet the demands of medium-sized casting operations, this machine includes a powerful 1/2 hp, 5cfm vacuum pump for effective vacuuming and outstanding casting results. The V.I.C. 12 casts small or large flasks. Includes an adapter table that accepts standard solid flasks up to 5&quot; x 7&quot; high and is mounted on rubber feet for stability.</td></tr><tr><td>Furnace for burn out sacrificial pattern -Rio Model 1000 Enameling Kiln with Nine Program Controller</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>703121</td><td>The Rio enameling kiln features three pre-set firing temperatures for enamels and six that you can define. Use the exclusive Rio controller to set and maintain firing temperatures. Perfect for all types of enameling, including tall pieces. Includes ample space for firing and an easy-latch door that will not jar your enamels when opening and closing. Also suitable for metal clay, glass and ceramics. Galvanized steel case with high-temperature insulating firebrick keeps them cool. Element protected in recessed groove. Includes user instructions.</td></tr><tr><td>Smith Complete Little Torch Acetylene and Oxygen System</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>500030</td><td>Get everything you need to equip your shop for soldering and brazing. Use Little Torch systems for gold&lt;br/&gt; or silver soldering, brazing and casting applications. Complete every soldering and melting job with confidence and ease! This system accepts all Little Torch accessory tips for melting, brazing and large soldering jobs and is a staple for every jeweler.</td></tr><tr><td>Heat-Resistant Safety Apron</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>750160</td><td>The specially designed apron has an 800 &amp;deg;F (427 &amp;deg;C) temperature resistance. Its reflective finish repels hot metal splashes and helps insulate the wearer from heat.</td></tr><tr><td>Radnor Heat-Resistant Gloves</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>350050</td><td>These flexible, heat-resistant gloves are ideal for enameling projects, allowing you to grip even small tongs securely. Blue, shoulder-split leather gloves are made of tough cowhide and lined with cotton and foam, and have reinforced thumb wings.</td></tr><tr><td>Platinum Soldering Glasses, #7</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>113914</td><td>Protect yourself and your employees when soldering platinum. Comfortable glasses feature adjustable earpieces and 52mm IR green polycarbonate #7 lenses. The #7 lens is approved by The Platinum Guild.</td></tr><tr><td>Economy Light-Duty Flask Tongs</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>704026</td><td>Constructed of bent steel, these tongs are designed to handle flasks 3-1/2&quot; or less in diameter. The small-angle notches grip smaller flask sizes and the larger, rounded contour area securely holds larger flasks.</td></tr><tr><td>Separating Screen Bucket</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>201360</td><td>15&quot;-diameter, 11-1/2&quot;-deep</td></tr><tr><td>Sand blaster - Econoline - 101701CB-A - Free-Standing Cabinets Workspace Width (Inch): 60 Workspace Depth (Inch): 48</td><td>MSC industrial supply Co.&amp;nbsp;</td><td>223818</td><td>Ree-Standing Cabinets; Workspace Width (Inch): 60; Workspace Depth (Inch): 48; Workspace Height (Inch): 40; Air Requirement: 12 CFM @ 80 psi; Overall Cabinet Width (Inch): 65; Maximum Cabinet Depth (Inch): 86</td></tr><tr><td>Johnson&#039;s Baby Oil Shea &amp;amp; Cocoa Butter&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Wal-Mart</td><td>260074132</td><td>This baby&amp;nbsp; oil is used for removing the residue of the support material for the castable sacrificial pattern using Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner.</td></tr><tr><td>German 4&quot; Saw Frame and Saw Blade Kit</td><td>Rio Grande</td><td>110112</td><td>Quality, German-made frames are our most popular saw frames, and this frame includes a sampler pack of Rio German saw blades! The adjustable saw frame allows you to achieve the blade tension you want. Throat depth is 102mm (4&quot;). Saw blades have rounded backs that make cutting curves and corners easy and are made from hardened, tempered steel.</td></tr></tbody></table>

indirect fabrication of lattice metals with thin sections using centrifugal casting

3D格子金属を製造する典型的な方法の1つは、選択的レーザ溶融（SLM）及び電子ビーム（EBM）溶融として直接金属添加物の製造（AM）プロセスです。その潜在的な処理能力にもかかわらず、直接AM方式は、高コスト、最終製品の貧弱な表面仕上げ、制限材料選択において、高い熱応力、および部品の異方性の性質のようないくつかの欠点があります。我々は、3次元格子金属を製造するためのコスト効果的な方法を提案します。本研究の目的は、複雑な形状と薄い壁厚を有する3次元格子金属の製造に関する詳細なプロトコルを提供することである5mmの単位セル長さとセル壁の厚さを有するAlとCuの合金で作られ、例えば 、オクテットトラス0.5mmの。 （a）は犠牲パターンの3D印刷（b）は、支持材料の溶融アウト（C）支持材料の残留物の除去（d）のパターンassembl：全体的な実験手順は、8つのセクションに分割されY（e）の投資（f）は、最終製品の犠牲パターン（g）の遠心鋳造（h）の後処理のバーンアウト。提案した間接的なAM技術は、超軽量の格子金属を製造する可能性を提供する。 例えば 、格子構造をAl合金で。間接的なAM技術によりオクテットトラス金属の最終生成物を観察し、プロセスパラメータを適切な材料及び格子形状に応じて制御する必要があると思われます。

プロトコルセクションで説明した間接的な添加剤の製造を使用して、Al及びCuの合金は、図1に示すように、製造オクテットトラス金属のために使用された全体の鋳造手順は図2に要約されている手順では、8つのセクションで構成されています。。（a）の犠牲支持材料の残留物のパターン印刷（b）は、支持材料の溶融アウト（c）の除去（D）パ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting at JoVE.com

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

遠心鋳造を有するポリマーの3D印刷を組み合わせた間接的な添加剤の製造方法は、0.5mmの壁の厚さ5mmの単位セル長さを有する3次元オクテットトラス金属（AlとCuの合金）を製造するために概説されています。

遠心鋳造を使用した薄い部分との格子金属の間接製作

One of the typical methods to manufacture 3D lattice metals is the direct-metal additive manufacturing (AM) process such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) ...

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12.4K ビュー.  University of North Texas. 遠心鋳造を有するポリマーの3D印刷を組み合わせた間接的な添加剤の製造方法は、0.5mmの壁の厚さ5mmの単位セル長さを有する3次元オクテットトラス金属（AlとCuの合金）を製造するために概説されています。 

ビデオ: Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe their electromagnetic properties to the structure of their constituents, instead of the atoms that compose them. For example, sub-wavelength metal wires can be arranged to possess an effective electric permittivity that is either positive or negative at a given frequency, in contrast to the metals themselves 2. This unprecedented control over the behaviour of light can potentially lead to a number of novel devices, such as invisibility cloaks 3, negative refractive index materials 4, and lenses that resolve objects below the diffraction limit 5. However, metamaterials operating at optical, mid-infrared and terahertz frequencies are conventionally made using nano- and micro-fabrication techniques that are expensive and produce samples that are at most a few centimetres in size 6-7. Here we present a fabrication method to produce hundreds of meters of metal wire metamaterials in fiber form, which exhibit a terahertz plasmonic response 8. We combine the stack-and-draw technique used to produce microstructured polymer optical fiber 9 with the Taylor-wire process 10, using indium wires inside polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) tubes. PMMA is chosen because it is an easy to handle, drawable dielectric with suitable optical properties in the terahertz region; indium because it has a melting temperature of 156.6 &deg;C which is appropriate for codrawing with PMMA. We include an indium wire of 1 mm diameter and 99.99% purity in a PMMA tube with 1 mm inner diameter (ID) and 12 mm outside diameter (OD) which is sealed at one end. The tube is evacuated and drawn down to an outer diameter of 1.2 mm. The resulting fiber is then cut into smaller pieces, and stacked into a larger PMMA tube. This stack is sealed at one end and fed into a furnace while being rapidly drawn, reducing the diameter of the structure by a factor of 10, and increasing the length by a factor of 100. Such fibers possess features on the micro- and nano- scale, are inherently flexible, mass-producible, and can be woven to exhibit electromagnetic properties that are not found in nature. They represent a promising platform for a number of novel devices from terahertz to optical frequencies, such as invisible fibers, woven negative refractive index cloths, and super-resolving lenses.

Metamaterials at terahertz frequencies offer unique opportunities, but are challenging to fabricate in bulk. We adapt the fabrication procedure for microstructured polymer optical fibers to inexpensively fabricate metamaterials potentially on an industrial scale. We produce polymethylmethacrylate fibers containing ~10 &mu;m diameter indium wires separated by ~100 &mu;m, which exhibit a terahertz plasmonic response.

ファイバー描画法を用いたメタマテリアルの作製

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe ...

工学

A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating metal patterns on a submicron scale requires a combination of nanofabrication tools and several material processing steps. For example, steps to create planar metal structures using ultraviolet photolithography and electron-beam lithography can include sample exposure, sample development, metal deposition, and metal liftoff. To create 3D metal structures, the sequence is repeated multiple times. The complexity and difficulty of stacking and aligning multiple layers limits practical implementations of 3D metal structuring using standard nanofabrication tools. Femtosecond-laser direct-writing has emerged as a pre-eminent technique for 3D nanofabrication.1,2 Femtosecond lasers are frequently used to create 3D patterns in polymers and glasses.3-7 However, 3D metal direct-writing remains a challenge. Here, we describe a method to fabricate silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm. The method enables the fabrication of patterns not feasible using other techniques, such as 3D arrays of disconnected silver voxels.8 Disconnected 3D metal patterns are useful for metamaterials where unit cells are not in contact with each other,9 such as coupled metal dot10,11or coupled metal rod12,13 resonators. Potential applications include negative index metamaterials, invisibility cloaks, and perfect lenses.
In femtosecond-laser direct-writing, the laser wavelength is chosen such that photons are not linearly absorbed in the target medium. When the laser pulse duration is compressed to the femtosecond time scale and the radiation is tightly focused inside the target, the extremely high intensity induces nonlinear absorption. Multiple photons are absorbed simultaneously to cause electronic transitions that lead to material modification within the focused region. Using this approach, one can form structures in the bulk of a material rather than on its surface.
Most work on 3D direct metal writing has focused on creating self-supported metal structures.14-16 The method described here yields sub-micrometer silver structures that do not need to be self-supported because they are embedded inside a matrix. A doped polymer matrix is prepared using a mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO3), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water (H2O). Samples are then patterned by irradiation with an 11-MHz femtosecond laser producing 50-fs pulses. During irradiation, photoreduction of silver ions is induced through nonlinear absorption, creating an aggregate of silver nanoparticles in the focal region. Using this approach we create silver patterns embedded in a doped PVP matrix. Adding 3D translation of the sample extends the patterning to three dimensions.

Femtosecond-laser direct-writing is frequently used to create three-dimensional (3D) patterns in polymers and glasses. However, patterning metals in 3D remains a challenge. We describe a method for fabricating silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm.

3Dで切断された銀ナノ構造体を製造する方法

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes  techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating  metal patterns on a ...

Process of Making Three-dimensional Microstructures using Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component

Vascular structures in natural systems are able to provide high mass transport through high surface areas and optimized structure. Few synthetic material fabrication techniques are able to mimic the complexity of these structures while maintaining scalability. The Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component (VaSC) process is able to do so. This process uses sacrificial fibers as a template to form hollow, cylindrical microchannels embedded within a matrix. Tin (II) oxalate (SnOx) is embedded within poly(lactic) acid (PLA) fibers which facilitates the use of this process. The SnOx catalyzes the depolymerization of the PLA fibers at lower temperatures. The lactic acid monomers are gaseous at these temperatures and can be removed from the embedded matrix at temperatures that do not damage the matrix. Here we show a method for aligning these fibers using micromachined plates and a tensioning device to create complex patterns of three-dimensionally arrayed microchannels. The process allows the exploration of virtually any arrangement of fiber topologies and structures.

The Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component (VaSC) process is used to fabricate microvascular structures. This procedure uses sacrificial poly(lactic) acid fibers to form hollow microchannels with precise 3D geometric positioning provided by laser micromachined guide plates.

犠牲成分の蒸発を用いた三次元微細構造を作る過程

Vascular structures in natural systems are able to provide high mass transport through high surface areas and optimized structure. Few synthetic material ...

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Complex materials such as high Tc superconductors, multiferroics, and colossal magnetoresistors have electronic and magnetic properties that arise from the inherent strong electron correlations that reside within them. These materials can also possess electronic phase separation in which regions of vastly different resistive and magnetic behavior can coexist within a single crystal alloy material. By reducing the scale of these materials to length scales at and below the inherent size of the electronic domains, novel behaviors can be exposed. Because of this and the fact that spin-charge-lattice-orbital order parameters each involve correlation lengths, spatially reducing these materials for transport measurements is a critical step in understanding the fundamental physics that drives complex behaviors. These materials also offer great potential to become the next generation of electronic devices 1-3. Thus, the fabrication of low dimensional nano- or micro-structures is extremely important to achieve new functionality. This involves multiple controllable processes from high quality thin film growth to accurate electronic property characterization. Here, we present fabrication protocols of high quality microstructures for complex oxide manganite devices. Detailed descriptions and required equipment of thin film growth, photo-lithography, and wire-bonding are presented.

We describe the use of pulsed laser deposition (PLD), photolithography and wire-bonding techniques to create micrometer scale complex oxides devices. The PLD is utilized to grow epitaxial thin films. Photolithography and wire-bonding techniques are introduced to create practical devices for measurement purposes.

空間的に閉じ込められた複合酸化物の作製

Complex materials such as high Tc superconductors, multiferroics, and colossal magnetoresistors have electronic and magnetic properties that arise from ...

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Measurements of the heat capacity and superfluid fraction of confined 4He have been performed near the lambda transition using lithographically patterned and bonded silicon wafers. Unlike confinements in porous materials often used for these types of experiments3, bonded wafers provide predesigned uniform spaces for confinement. The geometry of each cell is well known, which removes a large source of ambiguity in the interpretation of data.
Exceptionally flat, 5 cm diameter, 375 &#181;m thick Si wafers with about 1 &#181;m variation over the entire wafer can be obtained commercially (from Semiconductor Processing Company, for example). Thermal oxide is grown on the wafers to define the confinement dimension in the z-direction. A pattern is then etched in the oxide using lithographic techniques so as to create a desired enclosure upon bonding. A hole is drilled in one of the wafers (the top) to allow for the introduction of the liquid to be measured. The wafers are cleaned2 in RCA solutions and then put in a microclean chamber where they are rinsed with deionized water4. The wafers are bonded at RT and then annealed at ~1,100 &#176;C. This forms a strong and permanent bond. This process can be used to make uniform enclosures for measuring thermal and hydrodynamic properties of confined liquids from the nanometer to the micrometer scale.

A method for permanently bonding two silicon wafers so as to realize a uniform enclosure is described. This includes wafer preparation, cleaning, RT bonding, and annealing processes. The resulting bonded wafers (cells) have uniformity of enclosure ~1%1,2. The resulting geometry allows for measurements of confined liquids and gasses.

シリコン直接ウェハー接合による均一ナノスケールキャビティの作製

Measurements of the heat capacity and superfluid fraction of confined 4He have been performed near the lambda transition using lithographically patterned ...

Preparation of Liquid-exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets with Controlled Size and Thickness: A State of the Art Protocol

We summarize recent advances in the production of liquid-exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets with controlled size and thickness. Layered crystals of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and tungsten disulphide (WS2) are exfoliated in aqueous surfactant solution by sonication. This yields highly polydisperse mixtures containing nanosheets with broad size and thickness distributions. However, for most purposes, specific sizes (in terms of both lateral dimension and thickness) are required. For example, large and thin nanosheets are desired for (opto) electronic applications, while laterally small nanosheets are interesting for catalytic applications. Therefore, post-exfoliation size selection is an important step that we address here. We provide a detailed protocol on the efficient size selection in large quantities by liquid cascade centrifugation and the size and thickness quantification by statistical microscopic analysis (atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy). The comparison of MoS2 and WS2 shows that both materials are size-selected in a similar way by the same procedure. Importantly, the dispersions of size-selected nanosheets show systematic changes in their optical extinction spectra with size due to edge and confinement effects. We show how these optical changes are related quantitatively to the nanosheets dimensions and describe how mean nanosheets length and layer number can be extracted reliably from the extinction spectra. The exfoliation and size selection protocol can be applied to a broad range of layered crystals as we have previously demonstrated for graphene, gallium sulphide (GaS) and black phosphorus.

A protocol for the liquid exfoliation of layered materials to nanosheets, their size selection and size measurement by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques is presented.

アートプロトコルの状態：制御された大きさと厚さを持つ液体-剥離遷移金属ジカルコゲニドナノシートの作製

We summarize recent advances in the production of liquid-exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets with controlled size and thickness. ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances-collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle-in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization-dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-infrared (near-IR) was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

We demonstrate the fabrication of periodic gold nanocup arrays using colloidal lithographic techniques and discuss the importance of nanoplasmonic films.

コロイド リソグラフィーを用いた定期的な金 Nanocup アレイの試作

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Given their potential for significant property improvements relative to their large grained counterparts, much work has been devoted to the continued development of nanocrystalline metals. Despite these efforts, the transition of these materials from the lab bench to actual applications has been blocked by the inability to produce large scale parts that retain the desired nanocrystalline microstructures. Following the development of a method proven to stabilize the nanosized grain structure to temperatures approaching that of the melting point for the given metal, the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has progressed to the next stage in the development of these materials - namely the production of large scale parts suitable for testing and evaluation in a range of relevant test environments. This report provides a broad overview of the ongoing efforts in the processing, characterization, and consolidation of these materials at ARL. In particular, focus is placed on the methodology used for producing the nanocrystalline metal powders, in both small and large-scale amounts, that are at the center of ongoing research efforts.

This paper provides a brief overview of the ongoing efforts at the Army Research Laboratory on the processing of bulk nanocrystalline metals with an emphasis on the methodologies used for the production of the novel metal powders.

米国陸軍研究所で一括ナノ多結晶金属の処理

Given their potential for significant property improvements relative to their large grained counterparts, much work has been devoted to the continued ...

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) of Metal-Ceramic Components

Technical ceramics are widely used for industrial and research applications, as well as for consumer goods. Today, the demand for complex geometries with diverse customization options and favorable production methods is increasing continuously. With fused filament fabrication (FFF), it is possible to produce large and complex components quickly with high material efficiency. In FFF, a continuous thermoplastic filament is melted in a heated nozzle and deposited below. The computer-controlled print head is moved in order to build up the desired shape layer by layer. Investigations regarding printing of metals or ceramics are increasing more and more in research and industry. This study focuses on additive manufacturing (AM) with a multi-material approach to combine a metal (stainless steel) with a technical ceramic (zirconia: ZrO2). Combining these materials offers a broad variety of applications due to their different electrical and mechanical properties. The paper shows the main issues in preparation of the material and feedstock, device development, and printing of these composites.

Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components

This study shows multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) using fused filament fabrication (FFF) of stainless steel and zirconia.

金属-セラミック部品の溶融フィラメント製作 (FFF)

Technical ceramics are widely used for industrial and research applications, as well as for consumer goods. Today, the demand for complex geometries with ...

Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques

Electron and x-ray magnetic microscopies allow for high-resolution magnetic imaging down to tens of nanometers. However, the samples need to be prepared on transparent membranes which are very fragile and difficult to manipulate. We present processes for the fabrication of samples with magnetic micro- and nanostructures with spin configurations forming magnetic vortices suitable for Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy studies. The samples are prepared on silicon nitride membranes and the fabrication consists of a spin coating, UV and electron-beam lithography, the chemical development of the resist, and the evaporation of the magnetic material followed by a lift-off process forming the final magnetic structures. The samples for the Lorentz transmission electron microscopy consist of magnetic nanodiscs prepared in a single lithography step. The samples for the magnetic x-ray transmission microscopy are used for time-resolved magnetization dynamic experiments, and magnetic nanodiscs are placed on a waveguide which is used for the generation of repeatable magnetic field pulses by passing an electric current through the waveguide. The waveguide is created in an extra lithography step.

A protocol for the fabrication of magnetic micro- and nanostructures with spin configurations forming magnetic vortices suitable for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy (MTXM) studies is presented.

磁気渦の研究伝達顕微鏡検査の技術を使用してシリコン窒化膜の磁性ナノ構造の作製

Electron and x-ray magnetic microscopies allow for high-resolution magnetic imaging down to tens of nanometers. However, the samples need to be prepared ...

遠心鋳造を使用した薄い部分との格子金属の間接製作

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さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

ファイバー描画法を用いたメタマテリアルの作製

3Dで切断された銀ナノ構造体を製造する方法

犠牲成分の蒸発を用いた三次元微細構造を作る過程

空間的に閉じ込められた複合酸化物の作製

シリコン直接ウェハー接合による均一ナノスケールキャビティの作製

アートプロトコルの状態：制御された大きさと厚さを持つ液体-剥離遷移金属ジカルコゲニドナノシートの作製

コロイドリソグラフィーを用いた定期的な金 Nanocup アレイの試作

米国陸軍研究所で一括ナノ多結晶金属の処理

金属-セラミック部品の溶融フィラメント製作 (FFF)

磁気渦の研究伝達顕微鏡検査の技術を使用してシリコン窒化膜の磁性ナノ構造の作製

遠心鋳造を使用した薄い部分との格子金属の間接製作

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

ファイバー描画法を用いたメタマテリアルの作製

3Dで切断された銀ナノ構造体を製造する方法

犠牲成分の蒸発を用いた三次元微細構造を作る過程

空間的に閉じ込められた複合酸化物の作製

シリコン直接ウェハー接合による均一ナノスケールキャビティの作製

アートプロトコルの状態：制御された大きさと厚さを持つ液体-剥離遷移金属ジカルコゲニドナノシートの作製

コロイド リソグラフィーを用いた定期的な金 Nanocup アレイの試作

米国陸軍研究所で一括ナノ多結晶金属の処理

金属-セラミック部品の溶融フィラメント製作 (FFF)

磁気渦の研究伝達顕微鏡検査の技術を使用してシリコン窒化膜の磁性ナノ構造の作製

コロイドリソグラフィーを用いた定期的な金 Nanocup アレイの試作