Chapter 7
Pharmacokinetic Models
薬物動態データの解析方法:モデルおよびモデルに依存しないアプローチ
The drug disposition in the body is a complex process and can be studied using two major approaches: the model and the model-independent approaches.
The ...
薬物動態データのモデルアプローチ:コンパートメントモデル
Compartmental analysis is a commonly used approach to characterize drug pharmacokinetics.
Compartment models assume the body as a series of reversibly ...
IV ボーラス投与のための 1 コンパートメント オープン モデル: 一般的な考慮事項
A one-compartment open pharmacokinetic model describes the drug concentration-time course in the body post-administration. It views the body as a single, ...
IVボーラス投与のための1コンパートメントオープンモデル:排泄率定数、半減期および分布量の推定
The one-compartment open model for IV bolus drug administration considers drug elimination as a monoexponential process.
Analyzing the plasma drug ...
IVボーラス投与のための1コンパートメントオープンモデル:クリアランスの推定
Clearance signifies the theoretical fluid volume from which a drug is completely removed within a specific timeframe, expressed as volume per unit time. ...
ワンコンパートメントモデル:IVインフュージョン
IV infusion is suitable when maintenance of constant and stable drug concentration in the body is desired or when the drug poses toxicity risks.
For ...
血管外投与のための1コンパートメントオープンモデル:ゼロ次吸収モデル
Extravascular drug administration occurs via oral, intramuscular, or rectal routes.
It relies on absorption for the drug's therapeutic activity.
Here, ...
血管外投与のための1コンパートメントオープンモデル:一次吸収モデル
The first-order absorption model for extravascular administration considers the rate at which a drug is absorbed, distributed in body tissues, and ...
1コンパートメントオープンモデル:kA推定のためのWagner‐Nelson法とLoo Riegelman法
The Wagner-Nelson method estimates the absorption rate constant, ka, for drugs administered without assuming zero- or first-order absorption.
Its ...
One-Compartment Open Model: 尿中排泄データと k の測定
Urinary excretion data helps understand the process of drug elimination from the body, providing insight into the clearance of unaltered drugs.
It is a ...
マルチコンパートメント モデル: 概要
Multicompartment models illustrate how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They offer a more accurate depiction than one-compartment ...
2コンパートメントオープンモデル:概要
Multicompartment pharmacokinetic models illustrate drug distribution and elimination within the body.
The most common type of these models is the ...
2コンパートメントオープンモデル:IVボーラス投与
The two-compartment model for intravenous bolus administration comprises central and peripheral compartments, representing the distribution of a drug in ...
2コンパートメントオープンモデル:IVインフュージョン
Two-compartment models are pharmacokinetic tools to understand drug distribution.
For a drug administered via a constant rate or zero-order intravenous ...
2コンパートメントオープンモデル:血管外投与
Two-compartment models for extravascular administration involve a central and a peripheral compartment.
For a drug entering the body via a first-order ...
3コンパートメントオープンモデル
Three-compartment models are similar to the two-compartment model but have an additional deep tissue compartment.
The deep tissue compartment represents ...
メカニズムモデル:コンパートメントモデルの概要
Pharmacokinetic models can be classified as empirical or mechanistic.
Empirical models include data description with minimal assumptions about the ...
メカニズムモデル:個体および母集団分析におけるコンパートメントモデル
The individual analysis uses mechanistic models involving single-source data. However, data collection errors prevent perfect observed data prediction.
In ...
メカニズムモデル:数値問題解決のためのアルゴリズムにおけるコンパートメントモデル
Mechanistic models use numerical problem-solving algorithms to evaluate parameters.
Some algorithms use linearization techniques to simplify the model ...
薬物動態データのモデルアプローチ:生理学的モデル
Physiological models illustrate the drug's distribution and elimination processes within the body.
They describe the drug concentration in target ...
生理学的薬物動態モデル:タンパク質結合による仮定
Physiological models can predict drug disposition assuming linear drug-protein interactions.
Compared to conventional models, they effectively predict ...
生理学的薬物動態モデル:血流制限モデルと拡散制限モデル
Physiological models generally postulate a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood.
Rapid drug equilibrium assumes quick drug diffusion ...
生理学的薬物動態モデル:肝トランスポーター媒介クリアランスの組み込み
Drug transporters are pivotal in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes and should be included in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic ...
薬物動態データのモデルアプローチ:分布パラメータモデル
Pharmacokinetic models employ mathematical expressions for predicting drug behavior in the body and calculating pharmacokinetic parameters.
Different ...
薬物動態データに対するモデルに依存しないアプローチ:ノンコンパートメント分析
Noncompartmental analysis is an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without assigning a particular compartmental model to the drug.
...
非コンパートメント解析:統計的モーメント理論
Noncompartmental analyses rely on statistical moment theory to examine time-related changes in macroscopic events. Mean residence time, MRT, describes the ...
非コンパートメント分析: 平均滞留時間
According to statistical moment theory, mean residence time is the expected mean of a probability density function distribution. It can also be viewed ...
非コンパートメント分析:平均通過時間、吸収時間、溶解時間
When drugs are administered extravascularly, various parameters are considered for noncompartmental analysis.
The mean transit time, MTT, is the total ...
非コンパートメント分析: その他の薬物動態パラメーター
The noncompartmental approach utilizes various factors, including clearance, bioavailability, and total volume of distribution.
Once a drug is ...
薬物動態モデル:比較と選択基準
Physiological and compartmental models used to study biological systems rely on differential equations for mass balance.
Physiological models consider ...
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