The transfer function is a mathematical representation that describes the system's output for each possible input in the frequency domain. Consider a ...

Electrical networks are first represented by equivalent circuits consisting of three passive linear components: resistors, capacitors, and inductors. ...

In mechanical systems, springs, and masses are akin to the roles of inductors and capacitors in electrical networks, with the energy-dissipating function ...

Electromechanical systems represent a unique blend of electrical and mechanical components that integrate seamlessly. A DC motor is a unit that transforms ...

Linear systems exhibit superposition, summing responses to individual inputs, and homogeneity, scaling responses consistently to an input multiplied by a ...

The frequency-domain technique, which is commonly used for analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is only suitable for linear, time-invariant ...

State-space representation is used for simulating physical systems on digital computers. For this, the transfer function must first be converted into ...

State-space representation can also be converted into a transfer function in system analysis. The transformation begins with the given state and output ...

Nonlinear systems find a superior modeling in state-space representation. Consider a simple pendulum represented in state-space with the center of mass at ...