第 14 章
チャネルと膜の電気的特性
アクアポリン
Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also ...
ノンゲートイオンチャネル
Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is ...
リガンド依存性イオンチャネル
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when ...
電位依存性イオンチャネル
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the ...
メカニカルゲートイオンチャネル
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, ...
ニューロンの構造
Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other ...
安静時膜電位
The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is ...
静止電位減衰
The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the ...
アクションポテンシャル
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of ...
チャネルロドプシン
Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some ...
パッチクランプ
Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively ...
電気シナプス
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very ...
化学シナプス
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because ...
神経伝達物質の興奮性および抑制性効果
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical ...
筋肉の収縮
In skeletal muscles, acetylcholine is released by nerve terminals at the motor endplate—the point of synaptic communication between motor neurons ...
ニューロン計算におけるイオンチャネルの役割
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates ...
長期増強
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the ...
長期うつ病
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the ...
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