8.1 : 完全競争 I

A perfectly competitive market is a purely theoretical concept but serves as a benchmark for economists to measure how well a market functions. Several characteristics define a perfectly competitive market.

Firstly, the market has many buyers and sellers, resulting in strong competition. This ensures no single seller or buyer can significantly impact the price. Firms must accept the price determined by the market through the forces of supply and demand, making them price takers.

Secondly, firms can freely enter or exit the market without facing any financial, legal, or technological barriers. This ensures a level playing field for all competitors.

Thirdly, all products sold in this market are identical, leading consumers to have no preference for a product based on its supplier.

Additionally, perfect information is prevalent in the market. This means that buyers and sellers have complete knowledge about prices, quantities, and market conditions, which promotes healthy competition.

The agricultural sector is an example of a market coming close to perfect competition. It has many farmers selling an identical product, like corn or wheat.