Chapter 7
Costs
サンクコストと機会費用
Sunk costs are expenditures already made and cannot be recovered, irrespective of future choices. These costs are essentially "sunk" because they ...
固定費と変動費
In the short run, a firm's costs are divided into fixed and variable. Fixed costs are expenses that do not fluctuate with the level of output. These ...
合計固定曲線、合計変動曲線、および合計コスト曲線
In the short run, a firm incurs various fixed expenses such as lease payments, insurance premiums, and machinery depreciation. Collectively, these are ...
平均固定コスト、平均変数コスト、平均合計コスト I
Average Fixed Cost (AFC) is the total fixed cost per unit of output. It's calculated by dividing the total fixed costs (TFC) by the quantity of output ...
平均固定コスト、平均変数コスト、平均合計コスト II
The Average Fixed Cost, or AFC curve, is the graphical representation of the average fixed cost. It starts at the first unit of output. As the level of ...
限界費用 I
Marginal cost is the additional cost incurred by a firm when it produces one more unit of a good or service. It's derived from the change in total ...
限界費用 II
The marginal cost (MC) curve typically exhibits a U-shaped pattern, reflecting the relationship between marginal cost and production level. Initially, as ...
平均費用と限界費用の関係
Marginal Cost (MC) is a variable cost that refers to the additional expenses incurred by the firm when producing one more unit of a good or service. The ...
長期的にはコストの性質
In the short run, costs can be classified into fixed or variable categories. Variable costs fluctuate with the level of production or service activity, ...
短期と長期の比較: 平均コスト
In the short run, firms cannot adjust the quantity of certain factors of production, like capital and technology. However, firms can change the quantity ...
短期 vs 長期:限界費用
In economics, the short-run marginal cost (SRMC) and long-run marginal cost (LRMC) curves depict how the cost of producing additional units of output ...
スケールメリット
A firm may experience economies of scale in the long run. This occurs when a firm's output increases, but its total costs increase at a slower rate. ...
規模の不経済
Diseconomies of scale occur in the long run when the costs per unit increase with each additional unit of output. For example, the firm may double its ...
スコープの経済
Economies of scope refer to a firm's cost advantages by producing a wider variety of products rather than focusing on a single product. Economies of ...
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