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Core - Cell Biology

    Chapter 10

    Translation: RNA to Protein

    10.1 : Translation01:31

    10.1 : Translation

    Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes ...

    14.6K views
    10.2 : Ribosomes01:27

    10.2 : Ribosomes

    Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that ...

    7.3K views
    10.3 : tRNA Activation02:26

    10.3 : tRNA Activation

    Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 ...

    6.6K views
    10.4 : Initiation of Translation02:33

    10.4 : Initiation of Translation

    Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are ...

    6.3K views
    10.5 : Termination of Translation01:44

    10.5 : Termination of Translation

    The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the ...

    5.3K views
    10.6 : Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

    10.6 : Improving Translational Accuracy

    Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single ...

    2.5K views
    10.7 : Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

    10.7 : Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

    The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual ...

    2.8K views
    10.8 : Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding03:00

    10.8 : Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

    The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form ...

    13.0K views
    10.9 : The Proteasome02:18

    10.9 : The Proteasome

    Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the ...

    3.4K views
    10.10 : Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

    10.10 : Regulated Protein Degradation

    It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a ...

    2.5K views
    10.11 : Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

    10.11 : Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

    Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This ...

    3.5K views
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