Name: establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model for investigating epithelial wound repair in a native microenvironment
Uploaded: 2015-06-05T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 53 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment at JoVE.com

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant to A.S.M. (EY021784).

El siguiente protocolo cumple con las directrices de Animales Institucional de Cuidado y Uso Comité Thomas Jefferson University y con la Declaración de ARVO para el uso de animales en Vision Research. 1. Instalación y Preparación de lentes para la Cultura ex vivo de la herida <ol><li> Coloque tres platos de 100 mm de Petri en una campana de flujo laminar estéril. Llenar dos de los platos de Petri a medio camino con tampón Tris / Dextrosa (tampón TD; NaCl 140 mM, 5 mM KCl, 0,7 mM Na 2 PO 4, 5 mM D-glucosa, 8,25 mM Tris Base, pH a 7,4 con HCl) a TA , dejando la tercera vacío. Medios de cultivo Pre-caliente (Media suplementado con 199, 1% de L-glutamina y 1% de penicilina / estreptomicina) a 37 o C. Nota: El estándar de las heridas de curación medios de cultivo es libre de suero, como ocurre in vivo; sin embargo, los cultivos de reparación de la herida se pueden cultivar con éxito en condiciones de medios definidos que incluyen suero u otros factores. </li><li> Retire fértil d embrionariaay 15 White Leghorn huevos de pollo de la incubadora (celebrada en 37,7 ° C con suave balanceo) </li><li> Coloca el huevo seleccionado en la campana de flujo laminar y fuera de la cáscara limpia con etanol al 70% a partir de una botella de lavado. Llevar a cabo todos los procedimientos siguientes en condiciones asépticas en la campana de flujo laminar, el uso de soluciones e instrumentos estériles. </li><li> Grieta de huevo y colocar contenido en el vacío de 100 mm placa de Petri. Decapitar embrión utilizando pinzas estándar y tijeras finas. Coloque la cabeza del embrión de pollo en una placa de Petri que contiene tampón TD y disponer adecuadamente del resto del embrión. Opcionalmente mantener las cabezas de embrión de pollo en tampón TD por un corto período de tiempo, no más de 15 min. </li><li> Coloque la cabeza del embrión de pollo en una tapa de placa de Petri. Con unas pinzas de alta precisión, retire la lente junto con su humor vítreo adjunta del ojo en la siguiente secuencia. Apriete la parte posterior del ojo con las pinzas para crear una pequeña abertura en la parte posterior del ojo. </li><li> Luego, sujete el humor vítreo wITH pinzas y tirar suavemente en el vítreo con un movimiento de balanceo, el vítreo con el objetivo puesto serán desalojados del ojo. Coloque la lente / vítreo en la placa de Petri restante contiene tampón TD. Permita que los lentes se mantengan en tampón TD durante no más de 30 min. </li><li> Mover la lente a una nueva tapa de placa de petri bajo un microscopio de disección. Desde este punto de realizar todos los pasos bajo un microscopio de disección. Con unas pinzas de alta precisión cepillarse cuidadosamente cualquier cuerpo ciliar (células pigmentadas) que fueron desalojados con la lente usando el borde de la pinza, teniendo la precaución de no dañar el tejido objetivo. Nota: Extracción del cuerpo ciliar se asegura de que los tipos de células que no son endógenas a la lente no se incluyen en la cultura reparación de la herida. </li><li> Separar la lente del humor vítreo con pinzas de alta precisión pellizcando fuera del cuerpo vítreo de su asociación con la cápsula posterior del cristalino. </li><li> Uso de alta precisión fórceps transferir la lente en una pequeña gotade tampón TD (aproximadamente 200 l) en una placa de cultivo tisular de 35 mm. </li></ol> 2. Realización de Cirugía de Catarata Mock <ol><li> Oriente la lente en la gota de tampón TD en el plato 35 mm con el aspecto anterior de la lente hacia arriba. Nota: El anterior de la lente se identifica fácilmente por la presencia de un anillo denso en el tejido que toma nota de la frontera entre la parte anterior y la región ecuatorial del epitelio del cristalino. En contraste, hay una ausencia de marcas en la parte posterior de la cápsula de la lente a la que están unidos los células de fibra óptica. </li><li> El uso de dos pinzas de alta precisión hacer una pequeña incisión (aproximadamente 850μm) en el centro de la cápsula anterior de la lente, la membrana basal gruesa que rodea el tejido del cristalino, y su epitelio anterior del cristalino asociada, agarrando el tejido con uno fórceps en cada mano y tirando suavemente en direcciones opuestas. </li><li> Retire la masa celular de fibra, lo que constituye la mayor parte del tejido de la lente, dislodging desde sus archivos adjuntos al epitelio de la lente y que rodea la cápsula del cristalino por hidro-elución (un enfoque clásico utilizado en la cirugía de cataratas, modelada en la Figura 1A). </li><li> Llene una jeringa de 1 ml con una punta de la aguja 27.5 G con 300 l de tampón TD. Inserte la punta de la aguja en la incisión hecha en la cápsula anterior del cristalino, y aproximadamente a mitad de camino en la lente. </li><li> Presione suavemente la jeringa inyectar el tampón TD en la masa celular de fibra lente. Inyectar entre 50 y 200 TD l, y nunca más de 300 l. Observe la masa celular de fibra aflojando en sí de la cápsula epitelio y lente. </li><li> Con unas pinzas de alta precisión, retire la masa celular de fibra aflojado desde la lente a través del sitio de la incisión anterior. Nota: Este procedimiento deja la cápsula posterior del cristalino membrana basal a la cual las células de fibra se habían unido despojada de las células, y un epitelio del cristalino lesionado justo al lado de este sitio. </li></ol> 3. preparing la lente Herido de Ex Vivo Cultura <ol><li> Acoplar la bolsa capsular de la lente que resulta de la cirugía de cataratas se ha descrito anteriormente en la placa de cultivo, con el lado de células hasta, al hacer cinco cortes en la cara anterior de la bolsa capsular. </li><li> Cortar perpendicular a la zona de la incisión original a través del ecuador de la lente. Acoplar los resultantes cinco &quot;flaps&quot; de cápsula del cristalino con el epitelio adjunta en el lado de la cápsula placa de cultivo abajo, célula hacia arriba. Nota de la lente heridos ex vivo ahora debe asumir una estrella o la forma del flowerlike (véase la Figura 1B). </li><li> Para asegurar la cápsula para el plato, presione suavemente hacia abajo con las pinzas en cada punto de la estrella. Esto hará una pequeña hendidura en los cinco consejos más exteriores del explante y el resultado en apego sostenido al plato. Nota: Es posible dañar la cápsula durante este procedimiento y por lo que es importante para asegurar la cápsula al plato tan cerca de la punta de la flaps como sea posible, así como para hacer la menor cantidad de puntos de sujeción como sea posible (generalmente dos, máximo de tres por FLAP). </li><li> Retire el tampón TD desde el plato de 35 mm y reemplazarlo con 1,5 ml de medio de pre-calentado. Cubra el plato de 35 mm con su tapa y colocar en la incubadora (37 ° C, 5% de CO 2). </li></ol> 4. Separación de la Zona Central de Migración (CMZ), donde Re-epitelización de la zona de la herida de la Cápsula Posterior produce, desde el archivo adjunto original Zone (OAZ) de las células epiteliales de la lente, para el análisis cuantitativo. Nota: Las células comienzan a moverse en la región CMZ inmediatamente en respuesta a una lesión. Por día uno en la cultura suficientes células están migrando a través de la CMZ para el análisis molecular y bioquímico, después de la separación de la CMZ y la OAZ por micro-disección 23. Este protocolo consiste en la extracción de una solapa (OAZ) a la vez desde la zona de la herida de la cápsula. <ol><li> Observar un Demarcatión, claramente visible bajo el microscopio de disección, entre el OAZ y CMZ (véase la figura 2A). El uso de dos pinzas de alta precisión, sujete con ambas pinzas en el borde de la línea de OAZ / CMZ, uno justo al lado de la otra, a cada lado de la línea (ver la Figura 2A, B, flecha). </li><li> Con una mano / un fórceps en el lado CMZ siguen aferrarse a la cultura heridos, mientras que con la otra mano / pinzas, tire suavemente de la OAZ largo de la línea OAZ / CMZ. La CMZ separa fácilmente del OAZ largo de esta línea. Continuar por esta línea alrededor de toda la cultura hasta que las dos regiones están completamente separadas. </li><li> Estudiar las Oaz y CMZ fracciones separadas para el análisis molecular, tales como 24 o bioquímica análisis de ARN-Seq como western blot o co-inmunoprecipitación 23,25. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Walker, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unique+precursors+for+the+mesenchymal+cells+involved+in+injury+response+and+fibrosis.">Unique precursors for the mesenchymal cells involved in injury response and fibrosis.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107, 13730-13735 (2010).</li><li>Friedl, P., Gilmour, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Collective+cell+migration+in+morphogenesis,+regeneration+and+cancer.">Collective cell migration in morphogenesis, regeneration and cancer.</a> Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology. 10, 445-457 (2009).</li><li>Riahi, R., Yang, Y., Zhang, D. D., Wong, P. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+wound-healing+assays+for+probing+collective+cell+migration.">Advances in wound-healing assays for probing collective cell migration.</a> Journal of laboratory automation. 17, 59-65 (2012).</li><li>Khalil, A. A., Friedl, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determinants+of+leader+cells+in+collective+cell+migration.">Determinants of leader cells in collective cell migration.</a> Integrative biology : quantitative biosciences from nano to macro. 2, 568-574 (2010).</li><li>Walker, J. L., Wolff, I. M., Zhang, L., Menko, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+SRC+kinases+signals+induction+of+posterior+capsule+opacification.">Activation of SRC kinases signals induction of posterior capsule opacification.</a> Investigative ophthalmology &amp; visual science. 48, 2214-2223 (2007).</li><li>Sta Iglesia, D. D., Stepp, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disruption+of+the+basement+membrane+after+corneal+debridement.">Disruption of the basement membrane after corneal debridement.</a> Investigative ophthalmology &amp; visual science. 41, 1045-1053 (2000).</li><li>Pal-Ghosh, S., Pajoohesh-Ganji, A., Brown, M., Stepp, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+mouse+model+for+the+study+of+recurrent+corneal+epithelial+erosions:+alpha9beta1+integrin+implicated+in+progression+of+the+disease.">A mouse model for the study of recurrent corneal epithelial erosions: alpha9beta1 integrin implicated in progression of the disease.</a> Investigative ophthalmology &amp; visual science. 45, 1775-1788 (2004).</li><li>Pal-Ghosh, S., Pajoohesh-Ganji, A., Tadvalkar, G., Stepp, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Removal+of+the+basement+membrane+enhances+corneal+wound+healing.">Removal of the basement membrane enhances corneal wound healing.</a> Experimental eye research. 93, 927-936 (2011).</li><li>Stepp, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wounding+the+cornea+to+learn+how+it+heals.">Wounding the cornea to learn how it heals.</a> Experimental eye research. 121, 178-193 (2014).</li><li>Kuwabara, T., Perkins, D. G., Cogan, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sliding+of+the+epithelium+in+experimental+corneal+wounds.">Sliding of the epithelium in experimental corneal wounds.</a> Investigative ophthalmology. 15, 4-14 (1976).</li><li>Sherrard, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+corneal+endothelium+in+vivo:+its+response+to+mild+trauma.">The corneal endothelium in vivo: its response to mild trauma.</a> Experimental eye research. 22, 347-357 (1976).</li><li>Stramer, B. M., Zieske, J. D., Jung, J. C., Austin, J. S., Fini, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+controlling+the+fibrotic+repair+phenotype+in+cornea:+implications+for+surgical+outcomes.">Molecular mechanisms controlling the fibrotic repair phenotype in cornea: implications for surgical outcomes.</a> Investigative ophthalmology &amp; visual science. 44, 4237-4246 (2003).</li><li>Escamez, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+vivo+model+of+wound+healing+in+genetically+modified+skin-humanized+mice.">An in vivo model of wound healing in genetically modified skin-humanized mice.</a> The Journal of investigative dermatology. 123, 1182-1191 (2004).</li><li>Werner, S., Breeden, M., Hubner, G., Greenhalgh, D. G., Longaker, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+keratinocyte+growth+factor+expression+is+reduced+and+delayed+during+wound+healing+in+the+genetically+diabetic+mouse.">Induction of keratinocyte growth factor expression is reduced and delayed during wound healing in the genetically diabetic mouse.</a> The Journal of investigative dermatology. 103, 469-473 (1994).</li><li>Tarin, D., Croft, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrastructural+studies+of+wound+healing+in+mouse+skin.+II.+Dermo-epidermal+interrelationships.">Ultrastructural studies of wound healing in mouse skin. II. Dermo-epidermal interrelationships.</a> Journal of anatomy. 106, 79-91 (1970).</li><li>Croft, C. B., Tarin, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrastructural+studies+of+wound+healing+in+mouse+skin+I.+Epithelial+behaviour.">Ultrastructural studies of wound healing in mouse skin I. Epithelial behaviour.</a> Journal of anatomy. 106, 63-77 (1970).</li><li>Winstanley, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+epithelial+reaction+in+the+healing+of+excised+cutaneous+wounds+in+the+dog.">The epithelial reaction in the healing of excised cutaneous wounds in the dog.</a> Journal of comparative pathology. 85, 61-75 (1975).</li><li>Wormstone, I. M., Wride, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ocular+lens:+a+classic+model+for+development,+physiology+and+disease.">The ocular lens: a classic model for development, physiology and disease.</a> Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological. 366, 1190-1192 (2011).</li><li>Danysh, B. P., Duncan, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+lens+capsule.">The lens capsule.</a> Experimental eye research. 88, 151-164 (2009).</li><li>Awasthi, N., Guo, S., Wagner, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Posterior+capsular+opacification:+a+problem+reduced+but+not+yet+eradicated.">Posterior capsular opacification: a problem reduced but not yet eradicated.</a> Archives of ophthalmology. 127, 555-562 (2009).</li><li>Walker, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pharmacological+attempts+to+reduce+posterior+capsule+opacification+after+cataract+surgery--a+review.">Pharmacological attempts to reduce posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery--a review.</a> Clinical &amp; experimental ophthalmology. 36, 883-890 (2008).</li><li>Schmidbauer, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Posterior+capsule+opacification.">Posterior capsule opacification.</a> International ophthalmology clinics. 41, 109-131 (2001).</li><li>Menko, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+central+role+for+vimentin+in+regulating+repair+function+during+healing+of+the+lens+epithelium.">A central role for vimentin in regulating repair function during healing of the lens epithelium.</a> Molecular biology of the cell. 25, 776-790 (2014).</li><li>Chauss, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+state-specific+mitochondrial+dynamic+regulatory+networks+are+revealed+by+global+transcriptional+analysis+of+the+developing+chicken+lens.">Differentiation state-specific mitochondrial dynamic regulatory networks are revealed by global transcriptional analysis of the developing chicken lens.</a> G3 (Bethesda). 4, 1515-1527 (2014).</li><li>Leonard, M., Zhang, L., Bleaken, B. M., Menko, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+roles+for+N-Cadherin+linked+c-Src+and+fyn+kinases+in+lens+development.">Distinct roles for N-Cadherin linked c-Src and fyn kinases in lens development.</a> Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists. 242, 469-484 (2013).</li><li>Sieg, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FAK+integrates+growth-factor+and+integrin+signals+to+promote+cell+migration.">FAK integrates growth-factor and integrin signals to promote cell migration.</a> Nature cell biology. 2, 249-256 (2000).</li><li>Sieg, D. J., Hauck, C. R., Schlaepfer, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Required+role+of+focal+adhesion+kinase+(FAK)+for+integrin-stimulated+cell+migration.">Required role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) for integrin-stimulated cell migration.</a> Journal of cell science. 112 (Pt 16), 2677-2691 (1999).</li><li>Hauck, C. R., Hsia, D. A., Schlaepfer, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+focal+adhesion+kinase--a+regulator+of+cell+migration+and+invasion).">The focal adhesion kinase--a regulator of cell migration and invasion).</a> IUBMB life. 53, 115-119 (2002).</li><li>Zhao, X., Guan, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Focal+adhesion+kinase+and+its+signaling+pathways+in+cell+migration+and+angiogenesis.">Focal adhesion kinase and its signaling pathways in cell migration and angiogenesis.</a> Advanced drug delivery reviews. 63, 610-615 (2011).</li><li>Menko, A. S., Bleaken, B. M., Walker, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regional-specific+alterations+in+cell-cell+junctions,+cytoskeletal+networks+and+myosin-mediated+mechanical+cues+coordinate+collectivity+of+movement+of+epithelial+cells+in+response+to+injury.">Regional-specific alterations in cell-cell junctions, cytoskeletal networks and myosin-mediated mechanical cues coordinate collectivity of movement of epithelial cells in response to injury.</a> Experimental cell research. 322, 133-148 (2014).</li><li>Martin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wound+healing--aiming+for+perfect+skin+regeneration.">Wound healing--aiming for perfect skin regeneration.</a> Science. 276, 75-81 (1997).</li><li>Ferguson, M. W., O'Kane, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scar-free+healing:+from+embryonic+mechanisms+to+adult+therapeutic+intervention.">Scar-free healing: from embryonic mechanisms to adult therapeutic intervention.</a> Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological. 359, 839-850 (2004).</li><li>Redd, M. J., Cooper, L., Wood, W., Stramer, B., Martin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wound+healing+and+inflammation:+embryos+reveal+the+way+to+perfect+repair.">Wound healing and inflammation: embryos reveal the way to perfect repair.</a> Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological. 359, 777-784 (2004).</li><li>Nodder, S., Martin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wound+healing+in+embryos:+a+review.">Wound healing in embryos: a review.</a> Anatomy and embryology. 195, 215-228 (1997).</li><li>Gurtner, G. C., Werner, S., Barrandon, Y., Longaker, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wound+repair+and+regeneration.">Wound repair and regeneration.</a> Nature. 453, 314-321 (2008).</li></ol>

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Here is described a technique for preparing a culture model of wound repair that involves performing an ex vivo cataract surgery on chick embryo lenses after their removal from the eye. The lens epithelium responds to this clinically relevant wounding with a repair process that closely mimics that which occurs in vivo, and shares features with wound repair in other epithelial tissues2,4. While the protocol is straightforward and simple to follow, performing mock cataract surgery with embryoni...

El, simulacro de cirugía de catarata clínicamente relevante, ex vivo modelo de curación de heridas epiteliales aquí descrito fue desarrollado para proporcionar una herramienta para la investigación de los mecanismos que regulan la reparación de los tejidos epiteliales en respuesta a una lesión. Las principales características que fueron destinadas para la creación de este modelo incluyen 1) proporcionar condiciones que replican de cerca la respuesta in vivo para herir en un entorno cultural, 2) la facilidad de la modulación de los elementos reguladores de la reparación, y 3) capacidad de la imagen del proceso de reparación, en su totalidad, en tiempo real. El reto, por lo tanto, era crear un modelo de cultivo en el que era posible estudiar y manipular, reparación de la herida epitelial en microambiente nativa de las células. La disponibilidad de este modelo de herida de reparación de abre nuevas posibilidades para la identificación de las señales de señalización endógenos de la matriz de proteínas, citocinas y quimiocinas que regulan el proceso de reparación. Además, el modelo es ideal para examinar cómo unn epitelio es capaz de moverse como una lámina colectiva para volver a epitelizar el área de la herida 2,3, y para determinar el linaje de células mesenquimales líder en el borde de la herida que funciona en la dirección de la migración colectiva del epitelio lesionado 4. Este modelo también ofrece una plataforma con la que identificar terapias que podrían promover la cicatrización efectiva y prevenir la reparación de heridas aberrante 5. Ya hay una serie de modelos de heridas de reparación disponibles, tanto en la cultura como in vivo, que han proporcionado la mayor parte de lo que se conoce sobre el proceso de reparación de heridas hoy. En modelos de lesión de origen animal, tales como la córnea y la piel 6-12 13-17, hay la oportunidad de estudiar la respuesta del tejido a heridas en el contexto de todos los mediadores de reparación que podrían estar involucrados en el proceso, incluyendo las contribuciones de la vasculatura y el sistema nervioso. Sin embargo, hay limitaciones a la manipulación de la expericondiciones mentales en vivo, y aún no es posible llevar a cabo estudios de imagen de la respuesta de reparación in vivo, de forma continua en el tiempo. En contraste, la mayoría de los modelos de cultivo in vitro de reparación de la herida, tales como la herida de cero, pueden ser fácilmente manipulados y siguieron a lo largo del tiempo, pero carecen el contexto ambiental de estudiar la cicatrización de heridas en el tejido in vivo. Mientras que los modelos ex vivo ofrecen la ventaja de estudiar el proceso de reparación de la lesión continua en el tiempo en el contexto de microambiente de las células junto con la capacidad de modular los reguladores moleculares de reparación en cualquier punto en el proceso de tiempo, hay pocos modelos que se ajustan a estos parámetros. Aquí se describe un procedimiento para generar altamente reproducible ex vivo epitelial herida culturas que reproducen la respuesta de un tejido epitelial a una herida fisiológico de curación. Uso de la lente de embrión de pollo como una fuente de tejido, un ex vivo mock se lleva a cabo la cirugía de catarata. La lente es un tejido ideal para utilizar para estos estudios ya que es auto-contenida dentro de una cápsula gruesa membrana basal, avascular, no inervado, y libre de cualquier estroma asociado 18,19. En la enfermedad humana, la cirugía de catarata se ocupa de la pérdida de la visión debido a la opacificación de la lente, y consiste en la extirpación de la masa celular de fibra de lente, que comprende el grueso de la lente. Después de la cirugía de cataratas visión se restaura mediante la inserción de una lente intraocular artificial. El procedimiento de la cirugía de cataratas, a través de la eliminación de las células de fibra, induce una respuesta lesión en el epitelio de la lente adyacente, que responde por la reepitelización de la zona posterior de la cápsula del cristalino que había sido ocupada por las células de fibra. En la cirugía de cataratas, como en la mayoría de las respuestas de reparación de la herida, hay a veces se produce un resultado fibrótica aberrante a la respuesta de cicatrización de heridas, asociado con la aparición de miofibroblastos, que en la lente que se conoce como Posterior Capsule opacificación 20-22. Para generar el modelo de cicatrización de heridas cirugía de cataratas, un procedimiento de cirugía de cataratas es imitado en lentes retira del ojo de embrión de pollo para producir una lesión fisiológica. Remoción microquirúrgica de las células resultados de fibra de la lente en un área de la herida circular muy consistente rodeado por las células epiteliales de la lente. Esta población de células permanece firmemente unido a la cápsula de la membrana basal de la lente y se lesiona por el procedimiento quirúrgico. Las células epiteliales migran a la zona denudada de la membrana basal endógena para sanar la herida, dirigido por una población de células mesenquimales vimentina ricos conocidos en el proceso de reparación como células líder 1. Con este modelo de la respuesta de un epitelio a la lesión puede ser visualizado y siguió con el tiempo en el contexto de microambiente de las células fácilmente. Las células son fácilmente accesibles a las modificaciones de la expresión o activación de moléculas espera que juegue un papel en la reparación de heridas. Una característica poderosa del XXes el modelo es la capacidad de aislar y estudiar los cambios a la migración específica en el marco de la cicatrización de heridas. La capacidad de preparar un gran número de cultivos in vivo de edad emparejados ex cicatrización de heridas para los estudios es otra ventaja de este modelo. De este modo, este modelo de sistema ofrece una oportunidad única de separar los mecanismos de reparación de la herida y la terapéutica de las pruebas para determinar su efecto sobre el proceso de cicatrización de la herida. Se espera que el modelo de la cirugía de cataratas ex vivo simulacro de tener una amplia aplicación, proporcionando un recurso crítico para el estudio de los mecanismos de reparación del daño.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S271-3</td><td>Use at 140 mM in TD Buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium Chloride (KCl)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>P217-500</td><td>Use at 5 mM in TD Buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Phosphate (Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S0876</td><td>Use at 0.7 mM in TD Buffer</td></tr><tr><td>D-glucose (Dextrose)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>D16-500</td><td>Use at 0.5 mM in TD Buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Tris Base</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP152-1</td><td>Use at 8.25 mM in TD Buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A144-500</td><td>Use to pH TD buffer to 7.4</td></tr><tr><td>Media 199</td><td>GIBCO</td><td>11150-059</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-glutamine</td><td>Corning/CellGro</td><td>25-005-CI</td><td>Use at 1% in Media199</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/streptomycin</td><td>Corning/CellGro</td><td>30-002-CI</td><td>Use at 1% in Media199</td></tr><tr><td>100 mm petri dishes</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>FB0875711Z</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stericup Filter Unit</td><td>Millipore</td><td>SCGPU01RE</td><td>Use to filter sterilize Media</td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5 forceps (need 2)</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11251-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>35 mm Cell Culture Dish</td><td>Corning</td><td>430165</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27 G 1 ml SlipTip with precision glide needle</td><td>BD</td><td>309623</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fine Scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14058-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Standard Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>91100-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other Items Needed: General dissection instruments,&amp;nbsp; fertile white leghorn chicken eggs, check egg incubator (humidified, 37.7&amp;deg;C), laminar flow hood, binocular stereovision dissecting microscope</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model for investigating epithelial wound repair in a native microenvironment

The major impediment to understanding how an epithelial tissue executes wound repair is the limited availability of models in which it is possible to follow and manipulate the wound response ex vivo in an environment that closely mimics that of epithelial tissue injury in vivo. This issue was addressed by creating a clinically relevant epithelial ex vivo injury-repair model based on cataract surgery. In this culture model, the response of the lens epithelium to wounding can be followed live in the cells&#8217; native microenvironment, and the molecular mediators of wound repair easily manipulated during the repair process. To prepare the cultures, lenses are removed from the eye and a small incision is made in the anterior of the lens from which the inner mass of lens fiber cells is removed. This procedure creates a circular wound on the posterior lens capsule, the thick basement membrane that surrounds the lens. This wound area where the fiber cells were attached is located just adjacent to a continuous monolayer of lens epithelial cells that remains linked to the lens capsule during the surgical procedure. The wounded epithelium, the cell type from which fiber cells are derived during development, responds to the injury of fiber cell removal by moving collectively across the wound area, led by a population of vimentin-rich repair cells whose mesenchymal progenitors are endogenous to the lens1. These properties are typical of a normal epithelial wound healing response. In this model, as in vivo, wound repair is dependent on signals supplied by the endogenous environment that is uniquely maintained in this ex vivo culture system, providing an ideal opportunity for discovery of the mechanisms that regulate repair of an epithelium following wounding.

Creado ex vivo modelo para estudiar el proceso de cicatrización de heridas en microambiente nativa de las células Para investigar los mecanismos implicados en la regulación de la cicatrización de heridas de un epitelio dentro microambiente nativa de las células, se ha creado un modelo de la cirugía de catarata clínicamente relevante ex vivo simulacro. Este modelo se crea a partir de tejido de lente que ofrece muchas ventajas, debido a sus propiedades intrínsecas: 1)...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment at JoVE.com

Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

Described here is the establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model that can be used to investigate mechanisms of the injury response of epithelial tissues within their native microenvironment.

Establecimiento de un punto de vista clínico relevante<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Catarata Mock Modelo de Cirugía en Investigando epitelial reparación de heridas en un microambiente Nativo

The major impediment to understanding how an epithelial tissue executes wound repair is the limited availability of models in which it is possible to ...

establishment-clinically-relevant-ex-vivo-mock-cataract-surgery-model

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

6.5K vistas.  Thomas Jefferson University. Described here is the establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model that can be used to investigate mechanisms of the injury response of epithelial tissues within their native microenvironment. 

Video: Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study Corneal Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition

Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) play a crucial role in maintaining corneal clarity through active pumping. A reduced CEC count may lead to corneal edema and diminished visual acuity. However, human CECs are prone to compromised proliferative potential. Furthermore, stimulation of cell growth is often complicated by gradual endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EnMT). Therefore, understanding the mechanism of EnMT is necessary for facilitating the regeneration of CECs with competent function. In this study, we prepared a primary culture of bovine CECs by peeling the CECs with Descemet's membrane from the corneal button and demonstrated that bovine CECs exhibited the EnMT process, including phenotypic change, nuclear translocation of &#946;-catenin, and EMT regulators snail and slug, in the in vitro culture. Furthermore, we used a rat corneal endothelium cryoinjury model to demonstrate the EnMT process in vivo. Collectively, the in vitro primary culture of bovine CECs and in vivo rat corneal endothelium cryoinjury models offers useful platforms for investigating the mechanism of EnMT.

In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study Corneal Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition

A primary culture of bovine corneal endothelial cells was used to investigate the mechanism of corneal endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, a rat corneal endothelium cryoinjury model was used to demonstrate corneal endothelial-mesenchymal transition in vivo.

En vitro y en modelos in vivo para estudiar la transición del endotelio corneal-mesenquimal

Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) play a crucial role in maintaining corneal clarity through active pumping. A reduced CEC count may lead to corneal edema ...

Investigación

Biología del Desarrollo

Combination of Microstereolithography and Electrospinning to Produce Membranes Equipped with Niches for Corneal Regeneration

Corneal problems affect millions of people worldwide reducing their quality of life significantly. Corneal disease can be caused by illnesses such as Aniridia or Steven Johnson Syndrome as well as by external factors such as chemical burns or radiation. Current treatments are (i) the use of corneal grafts and (ii) the use of stem cell expanded in the laboratory and delivered on carriers (e.g., amniotic membrane); these treatments are relatively successful but unfortunately they can fail after 3-5 years. There is a need to design and manufacture new corneal biomaterial devices able to mimic in detail the physiological environment where stem cells reside in the cornea. Limbal stem cells are located in the limbus (circular area between cornea and sclera) in specific niches known as the Palisades of Vogt. In this work we have developed a new platform technology which combines two cutting-edge manufacturing techniques (microstereolithography and electrospinning) for the fabrication of corneal membranes that mimic to a certain extent the limbus. Our membranes contain artificial micropockets which aim to provide cells with protection as the Palisades of Vogt do in the eye.

We report a technique for the fabrication of micropockets within electrospun membranes in which to study cell behavior. Specifically, we describe a combination of microstereolithography and electrospinning for the production of PLGA (Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)) corneal biomaterial devices equipped with microfeatures.

Combinación de Microstereolithography y electrospinning para Fabricación de membranas Equipado con nichos para la regeneración de la córnea

Corneal problems affect millions of people worldwide reducing their quality of life significantly. Corneal disease can be caused by illnesses such as ...

Bioingeniería

Live-Cell Imaging of Intact Ex Vivo Globes Using a Novel 3D Printed Holder

Corneal epithelial wound healing is a migratory process initiated by the activation of purinergic receptors expressed on epithelial cells. This activation results in calcium mobilization events that propagate from cell to cell, which are essential for initiating cellular motility into the wound bed, promoting efficient wound healing. The Trinkaus-Randall lab has developed a methodology for imaging the corneal wound healing response in ex vivo murine globes in real time. This approach involves enucleating an intact globe from a mouse that has been euthanized per established protocols and immediately incubating the globe with a calcium indicator dye. A counterstain that stains other features of the cell can be applied at this stage to assist with imaging and show cellular landmarks. The protocol worked well with several different live cell dyes used for counterstaining, including SiR actin to stain actin and deep red plasma membrane stain to stain the cell membrane. To examine the response to a wound, the corneal epithelium is injured using a 25 G needle, and the globes are placed in a 3D printed holder. The dimensions of the 3D printed holder are calibrated to ensure immobilization of the globe throughout the duration of the experiment and can be modified to accommodate eyes of different sizes. Live cell imaging of the wound response is performed continuously at various depths throughout the tissue over time using confocal microscopy. This protocol allows us to generate high-resolution, publication-quality images using a 20x air objective on a confocal microscope. Other objectives can also be used for this protocol. It represents a significant improvement in the quality of live cell imaging in ex vivo murine globes and permits the identification of nerves and epithelium.

Live-Cell Imaging of Intact Ex Vivo Globes Using a Novel 3D Printed Holder

The present work describes a novel experimental protocol that utilizes a 3D printed holder to enable high-resolution live cell imaging of enucleated globes. Through this protocol, the cellular calcium signaling activity in wounded corneal epithelium from ex vivo globes can be observed in real time.

Imágenes de células vivas de globos intactos ex vivo utilizando un novedoso soporte impreso en 3D

Corneal epithelial wound healing is a migratory process initiated by the activation of purinergic receptors expressed on epithelial cells. This activation ...

Bioquímica

Investigating Scarless Tissue Regeneration in Embryonic Wounded Chick Corneas

Chick embryonic corneal wounds display a remarkable capacity to fully and rapidly regenerate, whereas adult wounded corneas experience a loss of transparency due to fibrotic scarring. The tissue integrity of injured embryonic corneas is intrinsically restored with no detectable scar formation. Given its accessibility and ease of manipulation, the chick embryo is an ideal model for studying scarless corneal wound repair. This protocol demonstrates the different steps involved in wounding the cornea of an embryonic chick in ovo. First, eggs are windowed at early embryonic ages to access the eye. Second, a series of in ovo physical manipulations to the extraembryonic membranes are conducted to ensure access to the eye is maintained through later stages of development, corresponding to when the three cellular layers of the cornea are formed. Third, linear cornea wounds that penetrate the outer epithelial layer and the anterior stroma are made using a microsurgical knife. The regeneration process or fully restored corneas can be analyzed for regenerative potential using various cellular and molecular techniques following the wounding procedure. Studies to date using this model have revealed that wounded embryonic corneas display activation of keratocyte differentiation, undergo coordinated remodeling of ECM proteins to their native three-dimensional macrostructure, and become adequately re-innervated by corneal sensory nerves. In the future, the potential impact of endogenous or exogenous factors on the regenerative process could be analyzed in healing corneas by using developmental biology techniques, such as tissue grafting, electroporation, retroviral infection, or bead implantation. The current strategy identifies the embryonic chick as a crucial experimental paradigm for elucidating the molecular and cellular factors coordinating scarless corneal wound healing.

The present protocol demonstrates the different steps involved in wounding the cornea of an embryonic chick in ovo. The regenerating or fully restored corneas can be analyzed for regenerative potential using various cellular and molecular techniques following the wounding procedure.&#160;

Investigando la regeneración de tejidos sin cicatrices en córneas embrionarias de pollitos heridos

Chick embryonic corneal wounds display a remarkable capacity to fully and rapidly regenerate, whereas adult wounded corneas experience a loss of ...

Corneal Epithelial Abrasion with Ocular Burr As a Model for Cornea Wound Healing

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to injury. In fact, the most common type of eye injury found in clinic is a corneal abrasion. Here, we utilize an ocular burr to induce an abrasion resulting in removal of the corneal epithelium in vivo on anesthetized mice. This method allows for targeted and reproducible epithelial disruption, leaving other areas intact. In addition, we describe the visualization of the abraded epithelium with fluorescein staining and provide concrete advice on how to visualize the abraded cornea. Then, we follow the timeline of wound healing 0, 18, and 72 h after abrasion, until the wound is re-epithelialized. The epithelial abrasion model of corneal injury is ideal for studies on epithelial cell proliferation, migration and re-epithelialization of the corneal layers. However, this method is not optimal to study stromal activation during wound healing, because the ocular burr does not penetrate to the stromal cell layers. This method is also suitable for clinical applications, for example, pre-clinical test of drug effectiveness.

This protocol describes a method to inflict an abrasion to the ocular surface of the mouse, and to follow the wound healing process thereafter. The protocol takes advantage of an ocular burr to partially remove the surface epithelium of the eye in anaesthetized mice.

Cicatrización de heridas de abrasión epitelial corneal con rebabas Ocular como un modelo de córnea

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to ...

Medicina

Ex Vivo Corneal Organ Culture Model for Wound Healing Studies

The cornea has been used extensively as a model system to study wound healing. The ability to generate and utilize primary mammalian cells in two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) culture has generated a wealth of information not only about corneal biology but also about wound healing, myofibroblast biology, and scarring in general. The goal of the protocol is an assay system for quantifying myofibroblast development, which characterizes scarring. We demonstrate a corneal organ culture ex vivo model using pig eyes. In this anterior keratectomy wound, corneas still in the globe are wounded with a circular blade called a trephine. A plug of approximately 1/3 of the anterior cornea is removed including the epithelium, the basement membrane, and the anterior part of the stroma. After wounding, corneas are cut from the globe, mounted on a collagen/agar base, and cultured for two weeks in supplemented-serum free medium with stabilized vitamin C to augment cell proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion by resident fibroblasts. Activation of myofibroblasts in the anterior stroma is evident in the healed cornea. This model can be used to assay wound closure, the development of myofibroblasts and fibrotic markers, and for toxicology studies. In addition, the effects of small molecule inhibitors as well as lipid-mediated siRNA transfection for gene knockdown can be tested in this system.

A protocol for an ex vivo corneal organ culture model useful for wound healing studies is described. This model system can be used to assess the effects of agents to promote regenerative healing or drug toxicity in an organized 3D multicellular environment.

Ex Vivo modelo de cultura órgano córneo para la curación de heridas estudios

The cornea has been used extensively as a model system to study wound healing. The ability to generate and utilize primary mammalian cells in two ...

An Epithelial Abrasion Model for Studying Corneal Wound Healing

The cornea is critical for vision, accounting for about two-thirds of the refractive power of the eye. Crucial to the role of the cornea in vision is its transparency. However, due to its external position, the cornea is highly susceptible to a wide variety of injuries that can lead to the loss of corneal transparency and eventual blindness. Efficient corneal wound healing in response to these injuries is pivotal for maintaining corneal homeostasis and preservation of corneal transparency and refractive capabilities. In events of compromised corneal wound healing, the cornea becomes vulnerable to infections, ulcerations, and scarring. Given the fundamental importance of corneal wound healing to the preservation of corneal transparency and vision, a better understanding of the normal corneal wound healing process is a prerequisite to understanding impaired corneal wound healing associated with infection and disease. Toward this goal, murine models of corneal wounding have proven useful in furthering our understanding of the corneal wound healing mechanisms operating under normal physiological conditions. Here, a protocol for creating a central corneal epithelial abrasion in mouse using a trephine and a blunt golf club spud is described. In this model, a 2 mm diameter circular trephine, centered over the cornea, is used to demarcate the wound area. The golf club spud is used with care to debride the epithelium and create a circular wound without damaging the corneal epithelial basement membrane. The resulting inflammatory response proceeds as a well-characterized cascade of cellular and molecular events that are critical for efficient wound healing. This simple corneal wound healing model is highly reproducible and well-published and is now being used to evaluate compromised corneal wound healing in the context of disease.

Here, a protocol for creating a central corneal epithelial abrasion wound in the mouse using a trephine and a blunt golf club spud is described. This corneal wound healing model is highly reproducible and is now being used to evaluate compromised corneal wound healing in the context of diseases.

Un modelo de abrasión epitelial para estudiar la cicatrización de heridas corneales

The cornea is critical for vision, accounting for about two-thirds of the refractive power of the eye. Crucial to the role of the cornea in vision is its ...

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, and result in a large, persistent corneal epithelial defect. Epithelial defect with the following corneal opacity and peripheral neovascularization result in irreversible visual impairment and hinder future management, especially keratoplasty. Since the animal model can be used as an effective drug development platform, models of corneal injury to the mouse and alkali burn to rabbit corneal epithelium are developed here. New Zealand white rabbit is used in the alkali burn model. Different concentrations of sodium hydroxide can be applied onto the central circular area of the cornea for 30 s under intramuscular and topical anesthesia. After copious isotonic normal saline irrigation, residual loose corneal epithelium was removed with corneal burr deep down to the Bowman's layer within this circular area. Wound healing was documented by fluorescein staining under Cobalt blue light. C57BL/6 mice were used in the traumatic model of murine corneal epithelium. The murine central cornea was marked using a skin punch, 2 mm in diameter, and then debrided by a corneal rust ring remover with a 0.5 mm burr under a stereomicroscope. These models can be prospectively used to validate the therapeutic effect of eye drops or mixed agents such as stem cells, which potentially facilitate corneal epithelial regeneration. By observing corneal opacity, peripheral neovascularization, and conjunctival congestion with stereomicroscope and imaging software, therapeutic effects in these animal models can be monitored.

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Here, animal models based on mouse and rabbit are developed for mechanical and chemical injury of corneal epithelium to screen new therapeutics and the underlying mechanism.

Modelos animales ex vivo e in vivo para lesiones mecánicas y químicas del epitelio corneal

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, ...

Production of Modified Autologous Conditioned Serum and Ex Vivo Assessment of Its Healing Potential in Murine Corneal Epithelium

Human blood-derived topical therapies have been a boon to clinicians in recent decades. Autologous serum (AS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are enriched in epitheliotropic growth factors that are essential in corneal wound healing. Unlike AS, PRP is based on a differential centrifugation system, yielding more platelet-derived growth factors. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) not only preserves the preparation of AS and PRP, but also focuses on immune-modulating properties, which are important in inflammatory diseases.
The lack of standardized protocols and high preparation costs are limitations for the clinical application of ACS. This video experiment demonstrates a standard operating procedure for preparing modified autologous conditioned serum (mACS) eye drops. First, glycerol was added into heparin syringes as the blood cell stabilizer during hypoxic incubation. To activate the blood cells, a 4 h incubation at 37 &#176;C was initiated. Then, the blood samples were centrifuged at 3,500 &#215; g for 10 min at room temperature. After filtration of the supernatant through a 0.22 &#181;m filter, the mACS eye drops were fully prepared.
A tentative try-out of the therapeutic effect of mACS showed that it may have competitive advantages over conventional AS in the corneal wound healing in ex vivo mouse eyes. The AS used in this study was prepared according to published studies and the clinical practice in our hospital. Therefore, the efficacy of mACS on ocular surface diseases could be evaluated in future research through in vivo animal studies and clinical trials.

Production of Modified Autologous Conditioned Serum and Ex Vivo Assessment of Its Healing Potential in Murine Corneal Epithelium

This article describes a protocol to simplify the process and render the preparation of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) less expensive. No special syringes or surface-coated glass beads are needed. Moreover, the modified ACS (mACS) has competitive advantages over conventional autologous serum in the corneal wound healing of murine eyes ex vivo.

Producción de suero condicionado autólogo modificado y evaluación ex vivo de su potencial curativo en el epitelio corneal murino

Human blood-derived topical therapies have been a boon to clinicians in recent decades. Autologous serum (AS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are enriched ...

Characterizing Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo Using the Cnidarian Model Organism Clytia hemisphaerica

All animal organs, from the skin to eyes to intestines, are covered with sheets of epithelial cells that allow them to maintain homeostasis while protecting them from infection. Therefore, it is not surprising that the ability to repair epithelial wounds is critical to all metazoans. Epithelial wound healing in vertebrates involves overlapping processes, including inflammatory responses, vascularization, and re-epithelialization. Regulation of these processes involves complex interactions between epithelial cells, neighboring cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM); the ECM contains structural proteins, regulatory proteins, and active small molecules. This complexity, together with the fact that most animals have opaque tissues and inaccessible ECMs, makes wound healing difficult to study in live animals. Much work on epithelial wound healing is therefore performed in tissue culture systems, with a single epithelial cell-type plated as a monolayer on an artificial matrix. Clytia hemisphaerica (Clytia) provides a unique and exciting complement to these studies, allowing epithelial wound healing to be studied in an intact animal with an authentic ECM. The ectodermal epithelium of Clytia is a single layer of large squamous epithelial cells, allowing high-resolution imaging using differential interfering contrast (DIC) microscopy in living animals. The absence of migratory fibroblasts, vasculature, or inflammatory responses makes it possible to dissect the critical events in re-epithelialization in vivo. The healing of various types of wounds can be analyzed, including single-cell microwounds, small and large epithelial wounds, and wounds that damage the basement membrane. Lamellipodia formation, purse string contraction, cell stretching, and collective cell migration can all be observed in this system. Furthermore, pharmacological agents can be introduced via the ECM to modify cell:ECM interactions and cellular processes in vivo. This work shows methods for creating wounds in live Clytia, capturing movies of healing, and probing healing mechanisms by microinjecting reagents into the ECM.

Characterizing Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo Using the Cnidarian Model Organism Clytia hemisphaerica

This paper describes a method to create wounds in the epithelium of a live Clytia hemisphaerica medusa and image wound healing at a high resolution in vivo. Additionally, a technique to introduce dyes and drugs to perturb signaling processes in the epithelial cells and extracellular matrix during wound healing is presented.

Establecimiento de un punto de vista clínico relevante

Resumen

Explorar más videos

Capítulos en este video