Name: in situ characterization of boehmite particles in water using liquid sem
Uploaded: 2017-09-27T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 11 min 59 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM at JoVE.com

Wir sind dankbar, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) nuklearen Prozess Science Initiative (NPSI)-Labor leitete Forschung und Entwicklung (LDRD) Fonds für die Unterstützung. Dr. Sayandev Chatterjee vorgesehen die synthetisierte Böhmit Partikel. Instrumental wurde durch W. R. Wiley Umwelt Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) allgemeine Benutzer Vorschlag zur Verfügung. EMSL ist eine nationale wissenschaftliche Benutzer Einrichtung Büro der biologischen und ökologischen Forschung (BER) auf PNNL gesponsert. Battelle für DOE unter Vertrag DE AC05 76RL01830 PNNL gesteuert.

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B., Buchanan, M., Wilmarth, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Basic Research Needs for Environmental Management. , (2016).</li><li>Mills, O. P., Rose, W. 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Y., Liu, B., Yang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+liquids+using+microfluidic+cells.">Imaging liquids using microfluidic cells.</a> Microfluid Nanofluid. 15 (6), 725-744 (2013).</li><li>Barshack, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Novel+Method+for+"Wet"+SEM.">A Novel Method for "Wet" SEM.</a> Ultrastruct Pathol. 28 (1), 29-31 (2004).</li><li>Cameron, R. E., Donald, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minizing+sample+evaporation+in+the+Environmental+Scanning+Microscope.">Minizing sample evaporation in the Environmental Scanning Microscope.</a> J Microsc. (Oxford, U. K.). 173 (3), 227-237 (1994).</li><li>Danilatos, G. 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SEM ist eine leistungsfähige Technik in Oberflächencharakterisierung von organischen und anorganischen Materialien auf ein Niveau von nanoskaligen (nm) mit hoher Auflösung1. Beispielsweise ist es für die Analyse von festen und trockenen Proben wie geologischen Materialien26 und Halbleiter27verbreitet. Es hat jedoch Einschränkungen bei der Charakterisierung von Feuchte und flüssige Proben durch die Unvereinbarkeit der Flüssigkeit innerhalb der ...

Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) hat weit angewendet worden, um eine Vielzahl von Proben zu untersuchen, indem Sie produzieren hochauflösende Bildgebung1. Die Energie energiedispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie (EDX) verbunden mit dem REM ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Elementarzusammensetzung1. Traditionell wird SEM für imaging nur trockene und feste Proben angewendet. In den letzten 30 Jahren entwickelte sich die Umwelt SEM (ESEM) für die Analyse von hydratisierten Teilstichproben in einem Dampf-Umgebung2,3,4,5. ESEM ist jedoch nicht in der Lage, die nassen, voll flüssigen Proben mit hoher Auflösung6Bild. Nassen SEM Zellen entstanden auch an Bild nasse Exemplare mit SEM7,8; Dennoch, diese Zellen wurden hauptsächlich für biologische Proben entwickelt zurückgestreuten Elektronen Bildgebung und sind leichter zugänglich für Anwendungen mit diesen Designs9,10.
Zur Bewältigung die Herausforderungen bei der Analyse von verschiedenen Proben in ihrer natürlichen flüssigen Umgebung mit SEM, erfanden wir eine Vakuum kompatibel mikrofluidischen Gerät, System zur Analyse an den flüssigen Vakuum Schnittstelle (SALVI), ermöglichen hohen räumlichen Auflösung sekundäre Elektronen (SE) Bildgebung und elementare Analyse von flüssigen Proben mit hohen Vakuumbetrieb in SEM Diese neuartige Technik umfasst die folgenden einzigartigen Eigenschaften: 1) Flüssigkeit wird direkt in eine kleine Öffnung von 1-2 µm im Durchmesser; sondiert (2) Flüssigkeit wird in der Bohrung durch Oberflächenspannung gehalten; und 3) SALVI ist portabel und kann auf mehr als eine analytische Plattform11,12,13,14,15,16,17 angepasst werden ,18.
SALVI besteht aus einer 100 nm dicken Silizium-Nitrid (SiN) Membran und einem 200 µm breite Microchannel aus Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) Block. Die Sünde Membran Fenster wird angewendet, um die Microchannel zu versiegeln. Die Verarbeitungsdetails und wichtigsten Entwurfsüberlegungen waren in früheren Arbeiten und Patente11,19,20detailliert. Derzeit hat ein führender Hersteller und Vertreiber von Verbrauchsmaterial Lieferung für die Mikroskopie die Lizenz um SALVI Geräte kommerziell für flüssige SEM Anwendungen21,22zu verkaufen gekauft.
Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von SALVI in Vakuum-analytische Instrumente wurden nachgewiesen unter Verwendung einer Vielzahl von wässrigen Lösungen und komplexe Flüssigkeitsgemischen einschließlich Biofilme, Säugerzellen, Nanopartikeln und Elektrode Materialien12, 14 , 17 , 20 , 23 , 24. jedoch die meisten der oben genannten Arbeiten Time-of-Flight secondary Ion mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) als wichtigen Analyse-Tool, damit die Anwendung der Flüssigkeit genutzt SEM mit SALVI nicht vollständig erforscht. In diesem Werk wurde SALVI zur größere nicht-sphärische kolloidale Teilchen in Flüssigkeit mit flüssigen SEM Bildgebung und EDX Elementaranalyse zu studieren. Das Beispiel besteht aus AlOOH Teilchen in unserem Labor synthetisiert. Submikrometer-mittlere Böhmit Partikel sind dafür bekannt, in hochradioaktiver Abfälle an der Hanford Site vorhanden sind. Sie sind langsam aufzulösen und in Abfallbehandlung rheologische Probleme verursachen können. Daher ist es wichtig, die Möglichkeit, Böhmit Teilchen in Flüssigkeit25charakterisieren. Dieser technische Ansatz kann verwendet werden, um Böhmit in verschiedenen physikalisch-chemischen Bedingungen für besseres Verständnis dieser Partikel und verwandte rheologischen Eigenschaften zu studieren. Diese Partikel wurden genutzt, um Schritt für Schritt zeigen, wie man Hochvakuum SEM SALVI zuweisen, um Schwebeteilchen in Flüssigkeit zu studieren. Technische Eckpunkte für SALVI und SEM Integration und SEM Datenerfassung werden in das Papier hervorgehoben.
Das Protokoll sieht Demonstration der flüssigen Probenanalyse mit SALVI und flüssigen SEM Bildgebung für diejenigen, die bei der Nutzung dieser neuartigen Technik in vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten von flüssigen SEM in der Zukunft interessiert.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Carbon Coater</td><td>Cressington</td><td>208 Carbon</td><td>It is accompanied with thickness monitor MTM-10.</td></tr><tr><td>SEM</td><td>FEI</td><td>Quanta 3D FEG</td><td>It provides highly resolved scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis.</td></tr><tr><td>System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI)</td><td>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory</td><td>N/A</td><td>SALVI is a unique, vacuum compatible microfluidic cell that enables the characterization of the liquid sample using vacuu- based scientific instrument.</td></tr><tr><td>PEEK Union</td><td>Valco</td><td>ZU1TPK</td><td>The polyether ether ketone union is used for connecting the inlet and outlet of SALVI</td></tr><tr><td>Syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>309659</td><td>1 mL</td></tr><tr><td>Pipette</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>21-377-821</td><td>Range: 100 to 1,000 mL</td></tr><tr><td>Pipette Tip 1</td><td>Neptune</td><td>2112.96.BS</td><td>1,000 &amp;micro;L</td></tr><tr><td>Pipette Tip 2</td><td>Rainin</td><td>17001865</td><td>20 &amp;micro;L</td></tr><tr><td>Syringe Pump</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>70-2213</td><td>It is used to inject the liquid sample into the SALVI device.</td></tr><tr><td>pH meter</td><td>Fisher Scientific/accumet</td><td>13-636-AP72</td><td>It is used for measuring the pH of AlOOH in DI water.</td></tr><tr><td>Barnstead Ultrapure Water System, UV/UF</td><td>Thermo Scientific Barnstead</td><td>Nanopure diamond D11931</td><td>It is used for producing DI water.</td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge tubes</td><td>Fisher scientific/Falcon</td><td>15-527-90</td><td>15 mL</td></tr><tr><td>Bransonic ultrasonic cleaner</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>2510</td><td>It is used to ultrasonicate the AlOOH liquid sample.</td></tr><tr><td>Balance</td><td>Mettler Toledo</td><td>11106015</td><td>XS64</td></tr><tr><td>AlOOH</td><td>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory</td><td>N/A</td><td>It is synthesized by scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.</td></tr><tr><td>xT microscope Control</td><td>FEI</td><td>Quanta 3D FEG</td><td>Default microscope control software of SEM Quanta 3D FEG</td></tr><tr><td>EDAX Genesis software</td><td>EDAX</td><td>N/A</td><td>The software is used for collecting the EDX elemental information of the samples.</td></tr><tr><td>Teflon tubing</td><td>SUPELCO</td><td>58697-U</td><td>It is used for introducing the sample into the microchannel and holding adequate volume of liquid.</td></tr></tbody></table>

in situ characterization of boehmite particles in water using liquid sem

In Situ imaging und elementare Analyse von Böhmit (AlOOH) Partikeln im Wasser erfolgt mit dem System für die Analyse an der flüssigen Vakuum-Schnittstelle (SALVI) und Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Dieses Paper beschreibt die Methode und wichtige Schritte bei der Integration des Vakuums kompatibel SAVLI SEM und Sekundär-Elektronen (SE) Bilder von Partikeln in Flüssigkeiten im Hochvakuum. Energie energiedispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie (EDX) dient zur Elementaranalyse von Partikeln in Flüssigkeiten und Kontrolle Proben einschließlich deionisiertes (DI) nur Wasser und einen leeren Kanal sowie zu erhalten. Synthetisierte Böhmit (AlOOH) Partikeln, die in der Flüssigkeit ausgesetzt sind als Modell in der flüssigen SEM Abbildung verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Partikel im SE-Modus mit guter Auflösung abgebildet werden können (d.h., 400 nm). Das AlOOH EDX-Spektrum zeigt signifikantes Signal aus Aluminium (Al) im Vergleich mit dem DI-Wasser und den leeren Kanal-Steuerung. In Situ flüssige SEM ist eine leistungsstarke Technik, Teilchen in Flüssigkeit mit viele interessante Anwendungen zu studieren. Dieses Verfahren zielt darauf ab, technisches Know-how, um flüssige SEM Bildgebung und EDX-Analyse mit SALVI zu betreiben und um potenzielle Fallstricke zu reduzieren, bei Verwendung dieser Methode bieten.

Die repräsentative Ergebnisse um zu zeigen, wie die Partikel abgebildet werden und mittels in Situ flüssige SEM Bildgebung gepaart mit EDX analysiert. Die Ergebnisse umfassen SE Bilder und EDX-Spektren. Die SE Bilder wurden auf X 100.000 und 200.000 X Vergrößerung Ebene in Abbildung 1erhalten. Abbildung 1a zeigt das SE Bild der AlOOH, Abb. 1 b DI-Wasser und Abbildung...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM at JoVE.com

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

In Situ Charakterisierung von Böhmit Teilchen im Wasser mit flüssigem SEM

Wir präsentieren ein Verfahren zur Echtzeit-Bildverarbeitung und Analyse der Elementzusammensetzung Böhmit Partikel in entionisiertem Wasser durch in Situ Flüssigkeit Scanning Electron Microscopy.

In situ imaging and elemental analysis of boehmite (AlOOH) particles in water is realized using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface ...

in-situ-characterization-boehmite-particles-water-using-liquid

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

9.2K Aufrufe.  Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Wir präsentieren ein Verfahren zur Echtzeit-Bildverarbeitung und Analyse der Elementzusammensetzung Böhmit Partikel in entionisiertem Wasser durch in Situ Flüssigkeit Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Serie: In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

A planetary interior is under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions and it has a layered structure. There are two important processes that led to that layered structure, (1) percolation of liquid metal in a solid silicate matrix by planet differentiation, and (2) inner core crystallization by subsequent planet cooling. We conduct high-pressure and high-temperature experiments to simulate both processes in the laboratory. Formation of percolative planetary core depends on the efficiency of melt percolation, which is controlled by the dihedral (wetting) angle. The percolation simulation includes heating the sample at high pressure to a target temperature at which iron-sulfur alloy is molten while the silicate remains solid, and then determining the true dihedral angle to evaluate the style of liquid migration in a crystalline matrix by 3D visualization. The 3D volume rendering is achieved by slicing the recovered sample with a focused ion beam (FIB) and taking SEM image of each slice with a FIB/SEM crossbeam instrument. The second set of experiments is designed to understand the inner core crystallization and element distribution between the liquid outer core and solid inner core by determining the melting temperature and element partitioning at high pressure. The melting experiments are conducted in the multi-anvil apparatus up to 27 GPa and extended to higher pressure in the diamond-anvil cell with laser-heating. We have developed techniques to recover small heated samples by precision FIB milling and obtain high-resolution images of the laser-heated spot that show melting texture at high pressure. By analyzing the chemical compositions of the coexisting liquid and solid phases, we precisely determine the liquidus curve, providing necessary data to understand the inner core crystallization process.

The high-pressure and high-temperature experiments described here mimic planet interior differentiation processes. The processes are visualized and better understood by high-resolution 3D imaging and quantitative chemical analysis.

Simulation der Planeteninnendifferenzierungsprozesse im Labor

A planetary interior is under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions and it has a layered structure. There are two important processes that led to ...

Forschung

Ingenieurwesen

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Element diffusion rates and temperature/pressure control a range of fundamental volcanic and metamorphic processes. Such processes are often recorded in lamellae exsolved from host mineral phases. Thus, the analysis of the orientation, size, morphology, composition and spacing of exsolution lamellae is an area of active research in the geosciences. The conventional study of these lamellae has been conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and more recently with focused ion beam (FIB)-based nanotomography, yet with limited chemical information. Here, we explore the use of atom probe tomography (APT) for the nanoscale analysis of ilmenite exsolution lamellae in igneous titanomagnetite from ash deposits erupted from the active Soufri&#232;re Hills Volcano (Montserrat, British West Indies). APT allows the precise calculation of interlamellar spacings (14&#8211;29 &#177; 2 nm) and reveals smooth diffusion profiles with no sharp phase boundaries during the exchange of Fe and Ti/O between the exsolved lamellae and the host crystal. Our results suggest that this novel approach permits nanoscale measurements of lamellae composition and interlamellar spacing that may provide a means to estimate the lava dome temperatures necessary to model extrusion rates and lava dome failure, both of which play a key role in volcanic hazard mitigation efforts.

Analysis of the morphology, composition, and spacing of exsolution lamellae can provide essential information to understand geological processes related to volcanism and metamorphism. We present a novel application of APT for the characterization of such lamellae and compare this approach to the conventional use of electron microscopy and FIB-based nanotomography.

Atomsonde Tomographie Analyse von exsolved Mineral Phasen

Element diffusion rates and temperature/pressure control a range of fundamental volcanic and metamorphic processes. Such processes are often recorded in ...

Umwelt

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Given their potential for significant property improvements relative to their large grained counterparts, much work has been devoted to the continued development of nanocrystalline metals. Despite these efforts, the transition of these materials from the lab bench to actual applications has been blocked by the inability to produce large scale parts that retain the desired nanocrystalline microstructures. Following the development of a method proven to stabilize the nanosized grain structure to temperatures approaching that of the melting point for the given metal, the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has progressed to the next stage in the development of these materials - namely the production of large scale parts suitable for testing and evaluation in a range of relevant test environments. This report provides a broad overview of the ongoing efforts in the processing, characterization, and consolidation of these materials at ARL. In particular, focus is placed on the methodology used for producing the nanocrystalline metal powders, in both small and large-scale amounts, that are at the center of ongoing research efforts.

This paper provides a brief overview of the ongoing efforts at the Army Research Laboratory on the processing of bulk nanocrystalline metals with an emphasis on the methodologies used for the production of the novel metal powders.

Verarbeitung von Bulk nanokristallinen Metallen bei der US Army Research Laboratory

Given their potential for significant property improvements relative to their large grained counterparts, much work has been devoted to the continued ...

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

Here, we present a comprehensive method to illustrate the uneven distribution of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) around the aggregate and the effect of aggregate surface morphology on the formation of ITZ. First, a model concrete sample is prepared with a spherical ceramic particle in roughly the central part of the cement matrix, acting as a coarse aggregate used in common concrete/mortar. After curing until the designed age, the sample is scanned by X-ray computed tomography to determine the relative location of the ceramic particle inside the cement matrix. Three locations of the ITZ are chosen: above the aggregate, on the side of the aggregate, and below the aggregate. After a series of treatments, the samples are scanned with a SEM-BSE detector. The resultant images were further processed using a digital image processing method (DIP) to obtain quantitative characteristics of the ITZ. The surface morphology is characterized at the pixel level based on the digital image. Thereafter, K-means clustering method is used to illustrate the effect of surface roughness on ITZ formation.

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ

Hereby, we proposed a protocol to illustrate the effect of aggregate surface morphology on the ITZ microstructure. The SEM-BSE image were quantitatively analyzed to obtain ITZ's porosity gradient via digital image processing and a K-means clustering algorithm was further employed to establish a relationship between porosity gradient and surface roughness.

Bestimmung der aggregierten Oberflächenmorphologie in der Grenzflächenübergangszone (ITZ)

Here, we present a comprehensive method to illustrate the uneven distribution of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) around the aggregate and the effect ...

Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Physical and chemical processes at solid-liquid interfaces play a crucial role in many natural and technological phenomena, including catalysis, solar energy and fuel generation, and electrochemical energy storage. Nanoscale characterization of such interfaces has recently been achieved using cryogenic electron microscopy, thereby providing a new path to advancing our fundamental understanding of interface processes.
This contribution provides a practical guide to mapping the structure and chemistry of solid-liquid interfaces in materials and devices using an integrated cryogenic electron microscopy approach. In this approach, we pair cryogenic sample preparation which allows stabilization of solid-liquid interfaces with cryogenic focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) milling to create cross-sections through these complex buried structures. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) techniques performed in a dual-beam FIB/SEM enable direct imaging as well as chemical mapping at the nanoscale. We discuss practical challenges, strategies to overcome them, as well as protocols for obtaining optimal results. While we focus in our discussion on interfaces in energy storage devices, the methods outlined are broadly applicable to a range of fields where solid-liquid interface play a key role.

Cryogenic Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques can provide key insights into the chemistry and morphology of intact solid-liquid interfaces. Methods for preparing high quality Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopic maps of such interfaces are detailed, with a focus on energy storage devices.

Nanoskalige Charakterisierung von Flüssig-Fest-Grenzflächen durch Kopplung von kryofokussiertem Ionenstrahlfräsen mit Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Spektroskopie

Physical and chemical processes at solid-liquid interfaces play a crucial role in many natural and technological phenomena, including catalysis, solar ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Multimodale Analyse der Knochenbildung mit Hilfe von Explantatmodellen

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model

The extensive characterization of tissue mineralization in the context of bone regeneration represents a significant challenge, given the numerous modalities that are currently available for analysis. Here, we propose a workflow for a comprehensive evaluation of new bone formation using a relevant large animal osseous ex vivo explant. A bone defect (diameter = 3.75 mm; depth = 5.0 mm) is created in an explanted sheep femoral head and injected with a macroporous bone substitute loaded with a pro-osteogenic growth factor (bone morphogenetic protein 2 - BMP2). Subsequently, the explant is maintained in culture for a 28-day period, allowing cellular colonization and subsequent bone formation. To evaluate the quality and structure of newly mineralized tissue, the following successive methods are set up: (i) Characterization and high-resolution 3D images of the entire explant using micro-CT, followed by deep learning image analyses to enhance the discrimination of mineralized tissues; (ii) Nano-indentation to determine the mechanical properties of the newly formed tissue; (iii) Histological examinations, such as Hematoxylin/Eosin/Saffron (HES), Goldner's trichrome, and Movat's pentachrome to provide a qualitative assessment of mineralized tissue, particularly with regard to the visualization of the osteoid barrier and the presence of bone cells; (iv) Back-scattering scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mapping with internal reference to quantify the degree of mineralization and provide detailed insights into surface morphology, mineral composition, and bone-biomaterial interface; (v) Raman spectroscopy to characterize the molecular composition of the mineralized matrix and to provide insights into the persistence of BMP2 within the cement through the detection of peptide bonds. This multimodal analysis will provide an effective assessment of newly formed bone and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative insights into mineralized tissues. Through the standardization of these protocols, we aim to facilitate interstudy comparisons and improve the validity and reliability of research findings.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autor im Rampenlicht: Fortschrittliche Techniken zur Charakterisierung der Gewebemineralisierung in der Knochenregenerationsforschung

The proposed protocol entails a global approach to assess bone formation in the context of bone regeneration using multimodal analyses. It aims to provide qualitative and quantitative information on new bone formation, enhancing the rigor and validity of basic and pre-clinical investigations.

Umfassende Charakterisierung der Gewebemineralisierung in einem ex vivo Modell

The extensive characterization of tissue mineralization in the context of bone regeneration represents a significant challenge, given the numerous ...

Biotechnik

Characterization of Calcification Events Using Live Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques in a Marine Tubeworm

Characterizing the first event of biological production of calcium carbonate requires a combination of microscopy approaches. First, intracellular pH distribution and calcium ions can be observed using live microscopy over time. This allows identification of the life stage and the tissue with the feature of interest for further electron microscopy studies. Life stage and tissues of interest are typically higher in pH and Ca signals. 
Here, using H. elegans, we present a protocol to characterize the presence of calcium carbonate structures in a biological specimen on the scanning electron microscope (SEM), using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to visualize elemental composition, using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to determine the presence of crystalline structures, and using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyze the composition and structure of the material. In this protocol, a focused ion beam (FIB) is used to isolate samples with dimension suitable for TEM analysis. As FIB is a site specific technique, we demonstrate how information from the previous techniques can be used to identify the region of interest, where Ca signals are highest.

We demonstrate the use of various microscopy methods that are useful in observing the calcification of a tubeworm, Hydroides elegans, as well as locating and characterizing the first calcified material. Live microscopy and electron microscopy are used together to provide functional and material information that are important in studying biomineralization.

Charakterisierung von Verkalkungen Events Verwendung von Live-optische und Elektronenmikroskopie-Techniken in einem Marine-Tubeworm

Characterizing the first event of biological production of calcium carbonate requires a combination of microscopy approaches. First, intracellular pH ...

Biologie

Bottom-Up In Vitro Methods to Assay the Ultrastructural Organization, Membrane Reshaping, and Curvature Sensitivity Behavior of Septins

Membrane remodeling occurs constantly at the plasma membrane and within cellular organelles. To fully dissect the role of the environment (ionic conditions, protein and lipid compositions, membrane curvature) and the different partners associated with specific membrane reshaping processes, we undertake in vitro bottom-up approaches. In recent years, there has been keen interest in revealing the role of septin proteins associated with major diseases. Septins are essential and ubiquitous cytoskeletal proteins that interact with the plasma membrane. They are implicated in cell division, cell motility, neuro-morphogenesis, and spermiogenesis, among other functions. It is, therefore, important to understand how septins interact and organize at membranes to subsequently induce membrane deformations and how they can be sensitive to specific membrane curvatures. This article aims to decipher the interplay between the ultra-structure of septins at a molecular level and the membrane remodeling occurring at a micron scale. To this end, budding yeast, and mammalian septin complexes were recombinantly expressed and purified. A combination of in vitro assays was then used to analyze the self-assembly of septins at the membrane. Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), and wavy substrates were used to study the interplay between septin self-assembly, membrane reshaping, and membrane curvature.

Bottom-Up In Vitro Methods to Assay the Ultrastructural Organization, Membrane Reshaping, and Curvature Sensitivity Behavior of Septins

Septins are cytoskeletal proteins. They interact with lipid membranes and can sense but also generate membrane curvature at the micron scale. We describe in this protocol bottom-up in vitro methodologies for analyzing membrane deformations, curvature-sensitive septin binding, and septin filament ultrastructure.

Bottom-up In vitro Methoden zur Untersuchung der ultrastrukturellen Organisation, der Membranumformung und des Krümmungsempfindlichkeitsverhaltens von Septinen

In Situ Charakterisierung von Böhmit Teilchen im Wasser mit flüssigem SEM

Zusammenfassung

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Verarbeitung von Bulk nanokristallinen Metallen bei der US Army Research Laboratory

Bestimmung der aggregierten Oberflächenmorphologie in der Grenzflächenübergangszone (ITZ)

Nanoskalige Charakterisierung von Flüssig-Fest-Grenzflächen durch Kopplung von kryofokussiertem Ionenstrahlfräsen mit Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Spektroskopie

Umfassende Charakterisierung der Gewebemineralisierung in einem ex vivo Modell

Umfassende Charakterisierung der Gewebemineralisierung in einem ex vivo Modell

Umfassende Charakterisierung der Gewebemineralisierung in einem ex vivo Modell

Charakterisierung von Verkalkungen Events Verwendung von Live-optische und Elektronenmikroskopie-Techniken in einem Marine-Tubeworm

Bottom-up In vitro Methoden zur Untersuchung der ultrastrukturellen Organisation, der Membranumformung und des Krümmungsempfindlichkeitsverhaltens von Septinen