Name: measuring active and passive tameness separately in mice
Uploaded: 2018-08-10T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 13 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了资助的科学研究 (KAKENHI) 支持: 15H05724, 16H01491 和15H04289。

所有的实验都是按照国家遗传学研究所 (NIG) 的动物实验指南进行的, 所有的程序都是由 NIG 动物护理和使用委员会批准的 (批准 26-9)。
1. 动物
<ol><li>
选育
	<ol>
<li>通过交叉8个自交系 (MSM、HMI、BLG2、PGN2、KJR、冠心病、NJL 和 BFM/2), 创建野生衍生的异质股 (WHS)6只小鼠, 同时避免任何近亲繁殖 (兄弟姐妹或堂兄弟之间的交配)7。进行选择性育种, 从第三代开始 (G3), 通过选择显示更长的 "接触时间" (选定的组, 16 家庭交配对) 根据主动驯服测试 (见步骤 3.1)。</li>
		<li>通过从 G3 的随机交配产生非选定的控制组 (也16个交配对的家庭)。对于具有代表性的实验, 使用从选定的 (S1) 和非选定 (C1) 组 WHS 小鼠获得的小鼠, 以显示主动和被动驯服的模式使用三驯服测试 (见步骤 3.1-3.3)。对于实验, 每组使用 10 G15 小鼠 (S1 和 C1)。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
代表主题动物
	<ol>
<li>在3周的时间里, 从父母那里戒掉所有的老鼠, 然后用窝的标准大小的塑料笼子, 把它们放在同性的群体里, 直到测试。维护所有动物在一个 NIG 动物设施在 12/12 h 光/黑暗的周期 (灯从06:00 到 18:00) 和恒定的温度 (23 @ 2 °c)。</li>
		<li>确保食物和水是可利用的广告随意。在光照期间对小鼠进行6周的试验, 分析它们在人类通常活跃的一天中与人类的相互作用。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
处理协议
	<ol>
<li>使用用硅管覆盖的大镊子将老鼠转到新笼子里, 用尾巴轻轻地把它们捡起来。用镊子在断奶时将它们与父母分开, 并在实验过程中移动它们。在驯服测试之前, 所有的老鼠都不应该接受处理。</li>
		<li>在驯服测试之前把老鼠转移到实验室。</li>
		<li>在试验后保持雄性小鼠相互分离, 以避免雄性在 WHS 小鼠中的侵袭。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. 设备
<ol><li>使用开放领域设备 (400 x 400 x 400 毫米, 淡灰聚氯乙烯)。</li>
	<li>使用带有中性白色灯泡 (100 莱克丝) 的固定在打开字段上方450毫米的夹灯 (图 1) 来照亮打开的字段。</li>
	<li>使用三脚架 (图 1), 用商业上可用的紧凑型数码相机记录所有行为, 该摄像机固定在850毫米以上的开放场上。</li>
	<li>在无源驯服试验 (罕见反应) 的情况下, 在乳胶手套下戴上布手套, 防止手被咬伤。</li>
	<li>使用秒表测量测试周期。</li>
</ol>3. 测试
注: 前两项试验 (主动驯服和被动驯服) 分别进行了1分钟, 并进行了不到1分钟的手试试验。所有三项测试均在露天仪器中进行, 并使用数码相机进行记录。Iodophore 消毒程序应在所有 apparats 之前进行任何行为研究。
<ol><li>
程序,主动驯服测试
	<ol>
<li>打开数码相机并开始录制。</li>
		<li>用一双大镊子 (见步骤 1.3.1) 轻轻地用尾巴拿起鼠标, 把它从主笼转移到露天设备的中心。</li>
		<li>开始秒表。</li>
		<li>将左手放在器械的左下角。</li>
		<li>保持手掌朝上, 慢慢地和稳步地移动手指, 以确保鼠标把手和人连接起来。将所有四根手指从小指移动到食指的平均时间应约为0.5 秒, 连续重复运动周期。</li>
		<li>将手朝鼠标缓慢移动, 平均速度约为13厘米/秒, 从鼠标身体一侧的10厘米处停止。</li>
		<li>保持相同的距离, 如果鼠标试图离开。如果鼠标接近, 保持手在同一位置, 并继续移动手指轻微。如果鼠标试图爬上手臂, 用自由的手将它返回到现场。</li>
		<li>1分钟后完成试验, 取出手, 进行被动驯服试验。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
程序,被动驯服测试
	<ol>
<li>按照与活动驯服测试相同的步骤, 但不要停止从鼠标的身体10厘米, 用指尖慢慢地触摸鼠标。</li>
		<li>把手指放在同一个位置, 联系鼠标, 直到鼠标移开。当鼠标试图打破接触, 跟随它, 以平均速度移动大约23厘米/秒, 并重新启动触摸。</li>
		<li>1分钟后完成测试, 立即重新启动秒表, 开始进行手动测试。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
程序,手持式测试
	<ol>
<li>用一双大镊子抬起老鼠尾巴, 轻轻地放在左手掌上。把手紧贴在露天仪器的地板上。</li>
		<li>用左手拇指以0.5 秒/冲程的平均速度轻轻地描鼠标, 直到它离开手。</li>
		<li>重复步骤 3.3.1-3.3.2 3x。</li>
		<li>第三次试用后, 停止录像;所有驯服测试现已结束。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
后实验程序
	<ol>
<li>对老鼠进行称量并计算出野外的粪便和尿量。</li>
		<li>通过耳拳分别标记鼠标。</li>
		<li>用0.2% 伏碘消毒液浸泡的纸巾擦拭仪器和实验手套。</li>
		<li>用干纸巾清洁器具。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>4. 行为分析
注: 视频录制使用 tanaMove 0.01 版 (Windows 7), 事件记录软件进行行为分析 (图 2)。该软件是免费提供 (补充材料 1)和我们的网站 (http://www.mgrl-lab.jp/MGRL_software.html)。一个对测试条件视而不见的人得分了所有的镜头。所有行为指数的持续时间以0.1 秒为增量。在评分过程中, 观察者在注意到给定的行为时按下了键盘上适当的字母 (参见步骤 4.1)。
<ol><li>
视频分析中按键的分配
	<ol>
<li>为每个行为索引分配键。对每个行为索引使用适当的键对于在步骤4.3 中自动汇总数据至关重要。 注意: 本研究中使用的作业如图 3所示。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
视频分析
	<ol>
<li>分析每个视频记录3x 的不同行为指数 (图 3B)。自我梳理的行为没有得分。请确保计算机的内置扬声器已打开, 以便在视频中听到计时器声音。</li>
		<li>发射 tanaMove。</li>
		<li>将视频文件拖放到 tanaMove 窗口中进行分析。确认文件已加载, 并且数据文件 [. CSV]框中输出的 CSV 文件的路径和名称正确无误。</li>
		<li>单击 "就绪" 按钮。这将激活一个新窗口以输入指定的键。</li>
		<li>单击 "播放" 按钮启动视频文件。单击 "停止" 按钮暂停视频文件。</li>
		<li>当鼠标被观察到或接近手的时候按下键A , 包括站立嗅探。在活动驯服测试中, 当鼠标被观察到 "locomoting" 时, 按下键R , 而不向手方向移动。</li>
		<li>在六十年代听到计时器声音时, 按住键W至少0.3 秒 (在窗口中至少有三个间隔)。</li>
		<li>在左手进入视频后, 启动被动驯服测试的分析。当鼠标被观察到手和键R时, 按下键A , 当鼠标在被动驯服测试期间不向手方向移动时, 就会被观察到。</li>
		<li>在六十年代听到计时器声音时, 按住键W至少0.3 秒 (在窗口中至少有三个间隔)。</li>
		<li>当鼠标被观察到手上的 "停留" 时, 按下键T 。</li>
		<li>在手动测试之后, 单击 "停止" 按钮停止视频观察。</li>
		<li>单击 "后退" 按钮并键入 CSV 数据输出的新文件名。</li>
		<li>单击 "就绪" 按钮以激活新窗口以输入指定的键。</li>
		<li>单击 "播放" 按钮重新启动视频片段并启动对活动驯服测试的观察。</li>
		<li>按键T当鼠标被观察到 "接触" 人, 其中包括所有的自愿接触行为, 但不是偶然接触, 如在跳跃后降落在手掌, 在积极的驯服测试。</li>
		<li>在六十年代听到计时器声音时, 按住键W至少0.3 秒 (在窗口中至少有三个间隔)。</li>
		<li>当鼠标允许实验者在被动驯服测试时触摸它的身体时按键T 。</li>
		<li>在六十年代听到计时器声音时, 按住键W至少0.3 秒 (在窗口中至少有三个间隔)。</li>
		<li>单击 "停止" 按钮停止视频。</li>
		<li>单击 "后退" 按钮并键入 CSV 数据输出的新文件名。</li>
		<li>单击 "就绪" 按钮以激活新窗口以输入指定的键。</li>
		<li>单击 "播放" 按钮重新启动视频片段并启动对活动驯服测试的观察。</li>
		<li>当鼠标在活动驯服测试中被观察到 "跳跃" 时, 按下键J 。</li>
		<li>在六十年代听到计时器声音时, 按住键W至少0.3 秒 (在窗口中至少有三个间隔)。然后开始观察被动驯服试验。</li>
		<li>当鼠标在被动驯服测试中被观察到 "跳跃" 时, 按下键J 。</li>
		<li>在六十年代听到计时器声音时, 单击 "停止" 按钮停止视频观察。</li>
		<li>单击 "后退" 按钮并键入 CSV 数据输出的新文件名。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
汇总数据
	<ol>
<li>将所有原始数据文件 (CSV) 保存在附带的2.xlsm文件 (补充材料 2) 的同一文件夹中。</li>
		<li>打开辅助 2.xlsm文件, 然后单击 "汇总" 按钮。</li>
		<li>将结果另存为单独的文件, 并使用它来进一步分析驯服行为。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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作者没有什么可透露的。

代表的结果包括九行为指数从主动驯服, 被动驯服, 和停留在手的测试。对照组的分数比较显示驯服明显差异。结果表明, 三试验对小鼠驯服的测定是有效的。
动物的驯服水平很难从经验上量化。对鹿、小鼠和大鼠8、9、10驯服的评价方法进行了研究。然而, 这些方法并没有分别量化主动和被动驯服。在以前?...

在驯化过程中选择育种改变了驯养动物的特性, 使其更好地适应人类生活1,2,3。"驯服" 是家养动物观察到的一种常见的行为特征。动物驯服的选择性育种研究揭示了它们在驯化过程中的表型变化。在一项著名的研究中, 狐狸有选择地繁殖为驯服和一组狐狸, 展示了高水平的驯服建立了2。狐狸还显示了其他表型变化, 包括形态学, 繁殖, 大衣颜色和生理特性。驯服的选择性育种是一种流行的实验动物, 可以帮助揭示在驯化过程中各种表型变化的机制。
驯服有二个行为组分: 活跃方法对人 (活跃驯服) 和减少在人的退避 (被动驯服)4。在以前的一项研究中, 我们建立了三项行为测试来表征小鼠的驯服水平: 主动驯服, 被动驯服, 以及手头的测试5。第一个测试的目的是通过测量其自发方法对人类的潜伏期和与人类手接触的时间, 来量化老鼠的活动驯服。第二个测试是为了量化被动驯服通过测量老鼠容忍被人的手接触的时间。该试验旨在量化行为避免被人的手轻轻抚摸。这三项评估只需要一个露天设备、一台数码相机和一双大镊子。它们可以按顺序在3分钟内完成, 以便每天收集大量数据。
在前一项研究中, 我们用一系列的近交系小鼠菌株对驯服行为进行了表征和比较:10 株野生菌株, 一只日本奇特的老鼠源菌株, 六株实验室菌株5。大多数驯化菌株的被动驯服明显高于野生菌株, 但活性驯服在两组间没有差异。从这些结果, 我们得出结论, 驯化的老鼠是实验室菌株的创始人主要选择他们的被动驯服, 但不为活跃的驯服, 在他们的繁殖历史。
我们接下来进行选择性育种与八野生小鼠菌株, 以产生一个基因异构人口6。我们选择了在主动驯服试验中得分高的动物, 并成功地增加了他们的活跃驯服在连续世代, 与对照组相比。这一结果表明, 试验可靠地测量小鼠驯服。
在这里, 我们描述了使用三行为测试测量行为指数的综合方法。首先, 我们解释了设置和必要的设备。接下来, 我们详细介绍了运行实验的分步过程, 通过视频收集数据, 并使用我们开发的免费软件分析所说的数据。最后, 给出了对照组选择性饲养小鼠池的典型结果。

<table><tbody><tr><td>open-field apparatus</td><td>O&amp;rsquo;Hara &amp;amp; Co. Ltd.</td><td>OF-3102</td><td>400&amp;times;400&amp;times;400 mm, grayish polyvinylchloride</td></tr><tr><td>compact digital camera</td><td>Ricoh Company, Ltd.</td><td>CX-5</td><td>production in the company is over</td></tr><tr><td>latex pure gloves</td><td>AS ONE</td><td>BioLab, IKG-8002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>stopwatch</td><td>SEIKO</td><td>SSBJ018</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iodophor sanitizer</td><td>Ecolab G.K. (CLEA Japan)</td><td>CL-4123</td><td>Mikro Klene</td></tr></tbody></table>

measuring active and passive tameness separately in mice

家养的动物, 如狗和实验鼠, 显示出高水平的驯服, 这对于人类很容易处理它们很重要。驯服有两个行为成分: 不情愿避免人类 (被动驯服) 和一种接近人类的动机 (主动驯服)。为了量化这些组分在小鼠, 我们以前开发了行为测试为活跃驯服, 被动驯服和愿意停留在人的手, 每设计在3分钟之内完成。所获得的数据用于选择性育种, 每代分析大量小鼠。活动驯服测试测量鼠标的移动对人的手和它参与的接触。被动驯服测试测量老鼠容忍人类接触的时间长短。在手持测试中, 鼠标放在人的手上, 用手的拇指慢慢地接触;动物保持在手上的时间长短被测量。在这里, 我们描述的测试设置和仪器, 解释程序, 并讨论适当的数据分析。最后, 我们解释了如何解释结果。

我们以前进行了选择性育种的活性驯服在 miceandsuccessfully 生产的小鼠, 显示高水平的积极驯服6。图 4显示了15代 (G15) 中选定和非选定的小鼠组的驯服测试的代表性结果。所选组的小鼠在主动驯服试验中得分较高, 与对照鼠相比, 与人手接触的时间明显延长。这种接触持续时间是一种用于选择性育种的指标。两组在航向、运动?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice at JoVE.com

Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice

驯服在动物包括减少退避反应对人 (被动驯服) 和增加活跃方法对人 (活跃驯服)。在这里, 我们描述了三行为测试 (主动驯服, 被动驯服和保持手测试) 的详细协议, 以单独测量小鼠的主动和被动驯服。

小鼠主动和被动驯服的测定

Domesticated animals such as dogs and laboratory mice show a high level of tameness, which is important for humans to handle them easily. Tameness has two ...

measuring-active-and-passive-tameness-separately-in-mice

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

7.1K 次观看.  National Institute of Genetics. 驯服在动物包括减少退避反应对人 (被动驯服) 和增加活跃方法对人 (活跃驯服)。在这里, 我们描述了三行为测试 (主动驯服, 被动驯服和保持手测试) 的详细协议, 以单独测量小鼠的主动和被动驯服。

视频: Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice

Measuring the Strength of Mice

Kondziela7 devised the inverted screen test and published it in 1964. It is a test of muscle strength using all four limbs. Most normal mice easily score maximum on this task; it is a quick but insensitive gross screen, and the weights test described in this article will provide a finer measure of muscular strength.
There are also several strain gauge-based pieces of apparatus available commercially that will provide more graded data than the inverted screen test, but their cost may put them beyond the reach of many laboratories which do not specialize in strength testing. Hence in 2000 a cheap and simple apparatus was devised by the author. It consists of a series of chain links of increasing length, attached to a "fur collector" a ball of fine wire mesh sold for preventing limescale build up in hard water areas. An accidental observation revealed that mice could grip these very tightly, so they proved ideal as a grip point for a weight-lifting apparatus. A common fault with commercial strength meters is that the bar or other grip feature is not thin enough for mice to exert a maximum grip. As a general rule, the thinner the wire or bar, the better a mouse can grip with its small claws.
This is a pure test of strength, although as for any test motivational factors could potentially play a role. The use of scale collectors, however, seems to minimize motivational problems as the motivation appears to be very high for most normal young adult mice.

Deficits in muscular strength occur in many clinical conditions such as motor neuron disease. The inverted screen and weight lifting tests described here measure strength in mice almost exclusively, with minimal influence of factors such as coordination.

强度测量小鼠

Kondziela7 devised the inverted screen test and published it in 1964. It is a test of muscle strength using all four limbs. Most normal mice easily score ...

科研

医学

Use of the Open Field Maze to Measure Locomotor and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice

Animal models have proven to be invaluable to researchers trying to answer questions regarding the mechanisms of behavior. The Open Field Maze is one of the most commonly used platforms to measure behaviors in animal models. It is a fast and relatively easy test that provides a variety of behavioral information ranging from general ambulatory ability to data regarding the emotionality of the subject animal. As it relates to rodent models, the procedure allows the study of different strains of mice or rats both laboratory bred and wild-captured. The technique also readily lends itself to the investigation of different pharmacological compounds for anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects. Here, a protocol for use of the open field maze to describe mouse behaviors is detailed and a simple analysis of general locomotor ability and anxiety-related emotional behaviors between two strains of C57BL/6 mice is performed. Briefly, using the described protocol we show Wild Type mice exhibited significantly less anxiety related behaviors than did age-matched Knock Out mice while both strains exhibited similar ambulatory ability.

A protocol is provided to use an Open Field Maze to access general locomotor activity, anxiety and emotionality in a laboratory mouse model.

使用开放式现场迷宫来衡量小鼠的运动能力和焦虑样行为

Animal models have proven to be invaluable to researchers trying to answer questions regarding the mechanisms of behavior. The Open Field Maze is one of ...

行为学

Experimental Assessment of Mouse Sociability Using an Automated Image Processing Approach

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the test mouse is placed in a standardized apparatus and relevant behaviors are assessed in three different sessions (called session I, II, and III).
The apparatus has three compartments (see Figure 1), the left and right compartments contain an inverted cup which can house a mouse (called &#34;stimulus mouse&#34;).
In session I, the test mouse is placed in the cage and its mobility is characterized by the number of transitions made between compartments. In session II, a stimulus mouse is placed under one of the inverted cups and the sociability of the test mouse is quantified by the amounts of time it spends near the cup containing the enclosed stimulus mouse vs. the empty inverted cup. In session III, the inverted cups are removed and both mice interact freely. The sociability of the test mouse in session III is quantified by the number of social approaches it makes toward the stimulus mouse and by the number of times it avoids a social approach by the stimulus mouse.
The automated evaluation of the movie detects the nose of the test mouse, which allows the determination of all described sociability measures in session I and II (in session III, approaches are identified automatically but classified manually). To find the nose, the image of an empty cage is digitally subtracted from each frame of the movie and the resulting image is binarized to identify the mouse pixels. The mouse tail is automatically removed and the two most distant points of the remaining mouse are determined; these are close to nose and base of tail. By analyzing the motion of the mouse and using continuity arguments, the nose is identified.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52508/52508fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1. Assessment of Sociability During 3 sessions. Session I (top): Acclimation of test mouse to the cage. Session II (middle): Test mouse moving freely in the cage while the stimulus mouse is enclosed in an inverted cup. Session III (bottom): Both test mouse and stimulus mouse are allowed to move freely and interact with each other.

This protocol describes a method to quantify mouse sociability. Mice are videotaped as they move and interact in a special cage. Movie processing allows for the automated quantification of sociability with excellent accuracy and reliability.

使用自动图像处理方法鼠标社交性的实验评估

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the ...

T-maze Forced Alternation and Left-right Discrimination Tasks for Assessing Working and Reference Memory in Mice

Forced alternation and left-right discrimination tasks using the T-maze have been widely used to assess working and reference memory, respectively, in rodents. In our laboratory, we evaluated the two types of memory in more than 30 strains of genetically engineered mice using the automated version of this apparatus. Here, we present the modified T-maze apparatus operated by a computer with a video-tracking system and our protocols in a movie format. The T-maze apparatus consists of runways partitioned off by sliding doors that can automatically open downward, each with a start box, a T-shaped alley, two boxes with automatic pellet dispensers at one side of the box, and two L-shaped alleys. Each L-shaped alley is connected to the start box so that mice can return to the start box, which excludes the effects of experimenter handling on mouse behavior. This apparatus also has an advantage that in vivo microdialysis, in vivo electrophysiology, and optogenetics techniques can be performed during T-maze performance because the doors are designed to go down into the floor. In this movie article, we describe T-maze tasks using the automated apparatus and the T-maze performance of &alpha;-CaMKII+/- mice, which are reported to show working memory deficits in the eight-arm radial maze task. Our data indicated that &alpha;-CaMKII+/- mice showed a working memory deficit, but no impairment of reference memory, and are consistent with previous findings using the eight-arm radial maze task, which supports the validity of our protocol. In addition, our data indicate that mutants tended to exhibit reversal learning deficits, suggesting that &alpha;-CaMKII deficiency causes reduced behavioral flexibility. Thus, the T-maze test using the modified automatic apparatus is useful for assessing working and reference memory and behavioral flexibility in mice.

This article presents the protocol of T-maze tests using a modified automated apparatus for assessing the learning and memory functions in mice.

T-迷宫强迫交替和评估工作，并参考在小鼠记忆的左，右的歧视任务

Forced alternation and left-right discrimination tasks using the T-maze have been widely used to assess working and reference memory, respectively, in ...

神经科学

The Tail Suspension Test

The tail-suspension test is a mouse behavioral test useful in the screening of potential antidepressant drugs, and assessing of other manipulations that are expected to affect depression related behaviors. Mice are suspended by their tails with tape, in such a position that it cannot escape or hold on to nearby surfaces. During this test, typically six minutes in duration, the resulting escape oriented behaviors are quantified. The tail-suspension test is a valuable tool in drug discovery for high-throughput screening of prospective antidepressant compounds. Here, we describe the details required for implementation of this test with additional emphasis on potential problems that may occur and how to avoid them. We also offer a solution to the tail climbing behavior, a common problem that renders this test useless in some mouse strains, such as the widely used C57BL/6. Specifically, we prevent tail climbing behaviors by passing mouse tails through a small plastic cylinder prior to suspension. Finally, we detail how to manually score the behaviors that are manifested in this test.

The tail-suspension test is validated as an experimental procedure to assess antidepressant efficacy of drug treatments in mice. Mice are suspended by their tails for six minutes and escape-related behaviors are assessed. We describe procedures used in conducting the tail suspension test.

悬尾实验

The tail-suspension test is a mouse behavioral test useful in the screening of potential antidepressant drugs, and assessing of other manipulations that ...

Analyzing Spatial Learning and Prosocial Behavior in Mice Using the Barnes Maze and Damsel-in-Distress Paradigms

The Barnes maze is a reliable measure of spatial learning and memory that does not require food restriction or exposure to extremely stressful stimuli. The Barnes maze can also assess other mouse behaviors, such as general motivation to escape from the maze platform and exploratory behavior. The Barnes maze can measure whether a genetic mutation or environmental variable can impact the acquisition and retention of spatial memories, as well as provide information about the search strategy employed by the mice. Here we use the Barnes maze to detect a memory deficit in adult mice following a single developmental ethanol exposure event. The newly described Damsel-in-Distress paradigm exposes a male mouse to a female mouse trapped in a chamber in the open center field of the arena. It provides an opportunity for the mouse to socially respond to the trapped female and exhibit prosocial behavior. The Damsel-in-Distress paradigm can also be used to examine mouse behavior in a novel arena and measure locomotor activity. Both the Barnes Maze and the Damsel-in-Distress protocols require minimal financial investment and most aspects of the tests can be constructed from common lab supplies. These flexible and accessible tools can also be used to detect behavioral changes over the course of development.

This protocol measures spatial learning and memory using the Barnes maze. A novel Damsel-in-Distress paradigm is used to assess locomotor activity and prosocial behavior in mice.

利用巴恩斯迷宫和困境中的破坏范式分析小鼠的空间学习和社会行为

The Barnes maze is a reliable measure of spatial learning and memory that does not require food restriction or exposure to extremely stressful stimuli. ...

Assessment of Sexual Behavior of Male Mice

Sexual behavior is highly species-specific. Although rodents have slightly different sexual behaviors, mice and rats have a similar sexual behavioral pattern. The purpose of this article is to describe the hormone-induced estrus ovariectomized female model and the experimental procedure for the assessment of sexual behavior of male mice. The most important sexual behavioral elements are demonstrated in the video and illustrations. The critical steps, advantages, and limitations of the sexual behavior test are explained as well. Finally, the behavior parameters are presented, and mounting, intromission, and ejaculation processes in mating are distinguished. Behavioral parameters are assessed in terms of the occurred duration and counts during the test period.

This article describes how to perform sexual behavior tests in male mice.

雄性小鼠性行为评估

Sexual behavior is highly species-specific. Although rodents have slightly different sexual behaviors, mice and rats have a similar sexual behavioral ...

研究具有改良恐惧条件反射的小鼠的主动防御行为

Modified Fear Conditioning for Inducing Flight Behaviors in Mice

The appropriate manifestation of defensive behavior in a threatening situation is critical for survival. The prevailing theory suggests that an active defensive behavior, such as jumping or rapid darting, is expressed under high threat imminence or actual threat, whereas passive defensive behavior, such as freezing, is expressed when the threat is predicted, but the threat imminence is relatively low. In classical fear conditioning, subjects typically exhibit freezing as a conditioned defensive response, with little expression of active defensive behavior in most cases. Here, we introduce a modified fear conditioning procedure for mice to observe the transition from freezing to flight and vice versa, involving five repetitive pairings of conditioned stimuli (CS; continuous tone, 8 kHz, 95 dB SPL (sound pressure levels)) and unconditioned stimuli (US; foot shock, 0.9 mA, 1.0 s) over two days. This modified fear conditioning procedure requires a relatively large number of conditioning sessions and conditioning days but does not necessitate a high-intensity foot shock for modest expression of flight behavior. Using the same context for conditioning and salient CS presentations is essential to elicit flight behaviors. This modified fear conditioning procedure is a reliable method for observing active defensive behaviors in mice, providing an opportunity to elucidate the fine mechanisms and characteristics of such behaviors in a fearful context.

作者聚焦：探索恐惧学习和灭绝中防御行为的神经相关性

To study flight behaviors in a fearful context, we introduce a modified fear conditioning protocol. This protocol ensures that mice consistently exhibit flight behaviors during cue presentation in the fear conditioning.

改良的恐惧条件反射诱导小鼠的飞行行为

The appropriate manifestation of defensive behavior in a threatening situation is critical for survival. The prevailing theory suggests that an active ...

小鼠主动和被动驯服的测定

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

强度测量小鼠

使用开放式现场迷宫来衡量小鼠的运动能力和焦虑样行为

使用自动图像处理方法鼠标社交性的实验评估

T-迷宫强迫交替和评估工作，并参考在小鼠记忆的左，右的歧视任务

悬尾实验

利用巴恩斯迷宫和困境中的破坏范式分析小鼠的空间学习和社会行为

雄性小鼠性行为评估

改良的恐惧条件反射诱导小鼠的飞行行为

改良的恐惧条件反射诱导小鼠的飞行行为

改良的恐惧条件反射诱导小鼠的飞行行为