Name: preparation and high-temperature anti-adhesion behavior of a slippery surface on stainless steel
Uploaded: 2018-03-29T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 52 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了中国国家自然科学基金 (51290292 号赠款) 的支持, 并得到了博士生北航学术优秀基金会的支持。

1. 不锈钢光刻
<ol><li>使用机械绘图软件设计光掩模, 并通过将其提交到光掩模打印机4来制造设计。</li>
	<li>清洗不锈钢 (316 SS; lengthx 宽度: 4 厘米 x 4 厘米, 厚度: 1 毫米), 在室温下用碱性溶液 (50 克/升氢氧化钠和40克/升 Na2CO3) 冲洗, 以除去油污。</li>
	<li>在超声波清洗机 (工作频率:40 赫, 超声波功率: 500 W) 上进行超声波清洗, 彻底清洁不锈钢。用去离子水、正己烷、丙酮和乙醇依次冲洗10分钟。</li>
	<li>将不锈钢放在150摄氏度的热板上晾干30分钟. 保护不锈钢, 用一张铝箔盖住它。</li>
	<li>将不锈钢放在旋转涂布机的中心。使用吸管将正光刻胶 (约1毫升) 存入不锈钢, 从中心到边缘, 直到光刻胶完全覆盖不锈钢。避免在光刻胶中形成气泡。<ol>
<li>执行自旋涂层, 首先以 700 rpm/分钟6秒的速度, 开始旋转周期, 然后以 1500 rpm/分钟的速度在十五年代, 均匀地传播光刻胶。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>松开真空阀, 用一双镊子回收不锈钢。将不锈钢放在热板上120摄氏度, 2 分钟烘烤光刻胶。</li>
	<li>将不锈钢放在光刻机的真空阀上。将光刻机的曝光时间设置为二十五年代。 注: 在这里, 光刻机是一个接触光刻与紫外线 (UV) 光波长的254毫微米和光强度为13兆瓦/厘米2。</li>
	<li>释放不锈钢, 并将其放在开发人员解决方案中1分钟, 以消除光刻胶, 而不暴露在 UV 光。从显影液中取出不锈钢, 用去离子水冲洗, 并在 N2气体下晾干。</li>
	<li>将不锈钢放在热板上烘烤120°c 2 分钟。</li>
	<li>用垂直显微镜放大 100x, 观察不锈钢表面, 检查所获得的光刻胶质地。</li>
</ol>2. 不锈钢的化学蚀刻
<ol><li>在100毫升烧杯中制备一个200毫升 (400 克/升 FeCl3, 20 克/升磷酸, 500 克/升盐酸) 的化学蚀刻溶液。</li>
	<li>将不锈钢与光刻胶质地放在化学溶液中10分钟。不要让不锈钢件相互接触。一次最多放置四个不锈钢件。</li>
	<li>用镊子取出化学蚀刻不锈钢, 用去离子水清洗1分钟, 用 N2气体将其烘干。</li>
	<li>通过将不锈钢在丙酮中浸入5分钟的超声波清洗, 去除光刻胶的质地。然后, 用 N2气体干燥化学蚀刻不锈钢。</li>
</ol>3. 化学蚀刻不锈钢的自组装
<ol><li>用稳定的去离子水清洗化学蚀刻不锈钢, 用 N2气体将其烘干, 并将其放在100摄氏度的热板上, 以使表面完全干燥。</li>
	<li>Hydroxylate 在射频等离子机中使用 O2等离子处理的化学蚀刻不锈钢, 其射频功率为100瓦特, 为10分钟, 系统压力为100毫巴, 流量为 20 sccm。</li>
	<li>在烧杯中制备无水甲苯1毫米溶液。在溶液准备前彻底干燥烧杯。</li>
	<li>在室温下用4小时的溶液冲洗化学蚀刻不锈钢。把烧杯放在密封的袋子里。不要让不锈钢件相互接触。</li>
	<li>取下不锈钢, 用无水甲苯清洗, 用10分钟进行超声波清洗, 用 N2气体将其烘干。</li>
</ol>4. 滑面制备
<ol><li>存约10毫升/厘米2硅油 (粘度: 350 cst; 表面张力: 21.1 锰/米) 上涂覆, 化学蚀刻不锈钢使用滴管。</li>
	<li>使用光学显微镜观察硅油在不锈钢表面的润湿过程 (放大率为 10x)。</li>
	<li>将不锈钢放置在垂直位置1小时, 除去多余的硅油。</li>
</ol>5. 滑面水滑动行为的研究
<ol><li>在滑面上沉积一个4µL 的水滴。将不锈钢置于光学显微镜下, 通过2°将基体倾斜。</li>
	<li>在低放大率 (50x) 下, 可视化水滴滑动在滑面上, 以检查滑面是否具有容易滑动的特性。</li>
</ol>6. 高温下湿滑表面的抗润湿性分析
<ol><li>用镊子将不锈钢与热板上的滑面放在一起。在不同的高温下设置热板 (即200 °c、250°c 和300°c), 以分析不同温度下的抗润湿行为。 注: 请勿用手直接接触高温不锈钢。</li>
	<li>用微型注射器在滑面上沉积10µL 的水滴。 注: 在水滴滴之前, 滑面的温度应达到平衡。</li>
	<li>使用高速相机记录水滴运动的帧速率为500赫兹。<ol>
<li>把相机固定在三脚架上, 将相机的镜头对准不锈钢。调整相机的焦距以获得清晰的水滴图像。通过推入相机的开始按钮, 记录不锈钢表面水滴的移动。当水滴滑离不锈钢以完成录音时, 按下相机的末端按钮。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>7. 滑面对软组织的抗粘连作用分析
<ol><li>使用机械手、测功机、热板和固定夹具设置粘附力测量平台4, 如图 3a所示。</li>
	<li>将测试面放在热板上。使用夹具固定在板上的不锈钢。将测试表面加热到一定的高温(例如, 300 °c)。 注: 试验表面应密切接触热板, 以确保有效的热运输到滑面。</li>
	<li>将测功器固定在机械手上。将气缸表 (直径: 2 厘米) 与一个力头连接, 作为一个软组织固定平台。</li>
	<li>修复软组织(例如,鸡胸肉; 长度: 5 厘米, 宽: 2 厘米, 厚度: 3 毫米), 用一根细线放在气缸上。确保软组织表面近似均匀。</li>
	<li>将软组织以1毫米/秒的速度加载到测试表面, 直到测功机通过旋转机械手的运动按钮达到一定的最大力 (例如, 4.5 N)。然后, 以同样的速度卸去软组织。</li>
	<li>使用数据传输线将计算机连接到测功机, 并记录软组织与测试表面之间的实时力。</li>
</ol>

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作者没有什么可透露的。

本手稿详细介绍了制造耐高温的光滑表面的协议。通过观察水滴的易滑动特性, 证明了所制备表面的光滑性能。通过在热面上沉积水滴, 研究了不同高温条件下制备的滑面的抗润湿性。结果表明, 即使在加热到300摄氏度以上的情况下, 所制备的滑面也保持了其光滑的性能。我们还确定了滑面对软组织的抗粘连作用。
与超疏水性表面不同, 滑面表面结构作为注入润滑剂的保温结构。根据前一项研究25, 由于硅油涂敷表面的优先亲和性, 水滴会漂浮在硅油注入的表面结构上, 如图 1B所示。此外, 这种液体/液体/固体界面给表面一个非常低的接触角滞后的液体液滴不溶于硅油。因此, 水滴可以很容易地滑动在准备好的滑面上。
由于不锈钢衬底的优良耐高温性、功能性层和注入硅油, 制备的滑面可在极高的温度下保持其光滑性能。然而, 在高温下, 水滴不会在表面滑动, 但它可以在表面上滚动。结果可归因于 Leidenfrost 效果26。在高温下, 硅油和水蒸发, 蒸汽可以形成一个蒸汽层之间的水滴和硅油层。事实上, 硅油和水滴的蒸发随着温度的升高而增加。因此, 在较高温度下的空气层有改善的能力, 以防止直接接触的水滴和硅油。类似的水滴在表面上滚动300°c (图 2C), 水滴几乎漂浮在空气层。接触是非常不稳定的, 因而它迅速地滑出表面。
润滑剂层也可作为软组织的抗粘连屏障。建立了粘附力测量平台, 研究了滑面对软组织的抗粘连作用。由于单纯的组织, 鸡乳房被选择为实验性软组织。软组织加载在光滑的不锈钢表面和滑面上。结果表明, 滑面上的粘附力显著降低 (即,从光滑表面上的0.80 到 0.18 n 到0.04 到 0.02 n 在滑面上)。这一概念为解决电切器械软组织粘连问题提供了新的见解。由于硅油和可生物相容的22,27, 我们的方法可以应用于电针仪器, 包括单手术刀和超声手术刀。
此外, 我们的方法是非常简单的, 可以进一步简化。柱结构使表面能够容纳更多的硅油, 而更多的硅油可以有效地充当软组织的屏障。但是, 如果不需要这么多的硅油, 例如当它用于防润湿的水滴, 不锈钢可以直接粗糙的化学蚀刻。简化方法简单, 可应用于不同的曲面类型, 包括曲面。应注意的是, 当表面加热到高温时, 硅油会蒸发, 并且在一定的时间后, 这种光滑的性能最终会失效。但是通过将硅油添加到表面, 它将重新获得光滑的性能。我们的协议的关键步骤是在表面结构上制备涂层, 这决定了滑面的最终光滑性能。因此, 应认真执行该程序集步骤。
滑面是一个新兴的功能表面, 以实现自我清洁, 抗粘连, 防结冰,等。它有许多优点, 包括易于制造, 不同液体的强健排斥, 良好的压力稳定性和自愈性。我们直接的方法提供了一种方法来构造一个具有高温电阻的光滑表面。我们认为, 所提出的方法将使滑面应用在医疗设备, 发动机, 热水管道等.

由于其在电刀仪器、发动机、管道等领域的广泛应用潜力, 在高温下用于液体和软组织的抗粘连表面受到了相当大的关注.1,2,3,4. Bioinspired 表面, 特别是超疏水性表面, 被认为是理想的选择, 因为它们具有优异的抗润湿能力和自清洁性能5。在超疏水性表面, 应将抗润湿能力归因于表面结构中的锁定空气。但是, 超疏水性状态不稳定, 因为它位于凯西-巴克斯特状态6, 7 中.同时, 在高温下, 由于从凯西-巴克斯特到 Wenzel 状态8的润湿状态转变, 液滴的抗润湿性可能会失败。这种润湿过渡是由于结构中的小液滴润湿引起的, 导致无法将空气锁定到位。
最近, 由于猪笼草的 peritome 的滑特性,猪笼草, 黄et 等. 报告了一个概念, 通过注入润滑剂到表面结构9,10, 构造光滑的表面 ,11。由于毛细力的缘故, 结构可以牢固地保持润滑剂到位, 就像在超疏水性表面的锁着的空气袋。因此, 润滑剂和表面结构可以形成稳定的固体/液体表面。当润滑剂对表面结构有优先的亲和力时, 复合表面的液滴会很容易滑动, 只有极低的接触角滞后 (例如, ~ 2°)12。这一润滑剂层还使表面具有显著的抗润湿能力13, 显示了医疗设备14,15的巨大潜力。然而, 以往对滑面的研究主要集中在室温或低温条件下的制备。对高温抗滑面的制备研究很少。例如, 张et表明, 润滑油的快速蒸发会迅速导致滑块的性能在稍高的温度下发生故障 (16)。
耐高温滑面可拓宽应用潜力;例如, 它们可以被用作液体屏障, 以减少对电刀器械的软组织粘连。手术过程中, 由于高频电刀提示的高温, 严重的软组织粘连发生。软组织可以烧焦, 导致它坚持的仪器提示, 然后撕裂软组织周围的提示17,18,19。术后粘附软组织对手术有负面影响, 也可能诱发止血失败19,20。这些影响严重损害了人们的健康和经济利益。因此, 解决电切器械软组织粘连问题迫在眉睫。事实上, 滑面提供了一个解决这个问题的机会。
在这里, 我们提出了一个协议, 以制造在高温下可用的滑面。不锈钢因其耐高温而被选为表面材料。采用光刻辅助化学蚀刻法对不锈钢进行了粗糙化。然后, 表面具有生物相容材料的功能, 生理盐水 octadecyltrichlorosilane ()21,22,23,24。通过添加硅油, 制备了一种光滑的表面。这些材料使光滑表面达到耐高温。研究了高温抗润湿性及对软组织的抗粘连作用。结果表明, 在高温下, 利用滑面来解决抗粘接问题的可能性很大。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Stainless steel</td><td>Hongtu Corporation</td><td>316</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Octadecyltrichlorosilane</td><td>Huaxia Reagent</td><td>112-04-9</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Photoresist</td><td>Kempur Microelectronic Corporation</td><td>317S</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Silicone oil</td><td>Beijing Chemical Works</td><td>350 cst</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Anhydrous toluene</td><td>Beijing Chemical Works</td><td>108-88-3</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Phosphoric acid (H&lt;span class=&quot;font7&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font0&quot;&gt;PO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font7&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font0&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</td><td>Tianjin Chemical Corporation</td><td>7664-38-2</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</td><td>Tianjin Chemical Corporation</td><td>7647-01-0</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;span class=&quot;font0&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font8&quot;&gt;erric chloride (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font0&quot;&gt;FeCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font7&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font8&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</td><td>Tianjin Chemical Corporation</td><td>7705-08-0</td><td>Use as received</td></tr><tr><td>Optical upright microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>BX51</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Optical stereo microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>SZX16</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>High speed camera</td><td>Olympus</td><td>i-SPEED LT</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultrasonic cleaner</td><td>KUNSHAN ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS CO. LTD</td><td>KQ-500E</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dynamometer</td><td>Yueqing Handapi Instruments Co. Ltd</td><td>HP-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manipulator</td><td>Yueqing Handapi Instruments Co. Ltd</td><td>HLD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hot plate</td><td>Shenzhen Jingyihuang Corporation</td><td>DRB-1</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

preparation and high-temperature anti-adhesion behavior of a slippery surface on stainless steel

耐高温抗粘连表面具有广泛的应用潜力, 在电刀仪器, 发动机和管道。典型的抗润湿超疏水性表面容易失效, 当暴露在高温液体。最近,猪笼草激发的滑面显示了解决粘附问题的新方法。在滑面上的润滑剂层可以充当被排斥材料与表面结构之间的屏障。然而, 以往研究中的滑面很少表现出耐高温。在这里, 我们描述了一个协议, 以制备耐高温光滑表面。采用光刻辅助法对不锈钢柱结构进行了制备。用盐水 functionalizing 表面, 通过添加硅油来制备光滑的表面。制备的滑面保持了水的抗润湿性, 即使表面加热到300摄氏度。同时, 滑面在高温下对软组织的抗粘连作用也很大。这种类型的不锈钢滑面在医疗设备, 机械设备,等方面的应用。

通过将硅油添加到涂覆的化学蚀刻不锈钢中, 制备了滑面。由于其相似的化学性质, 表面被硅油完全润湿。润湿过程显示在图 1a中。红色虚线标记润湿线。润湿后, 可见的油层可与干燥表面区分开来。用近似2°的角度, 在滑面上沉积水滴, 研究了制备的滑面的滑块性能。图 1b显示在滑面上的原位水滴移动。黄色虚线标记接触线, 结果显示水滴在滑面上漂浮和滑动。
研究了在高温下, 在水滴上制备的滑面的抗润湿行为。滑面被加热到不同的温度, 水滴沉积在表面。在200摄氏度 (图 2a) 中, 水滴首先牢固地接触到表面, 然后液滴和表面之间的接触区域减少。大约6200毫秒后, 水滴开始从表面滑落。在250摄氏度 (图 2b) 中, 水滴的初始接触区域与表面非常小。大约800毫秒后, 水滴开始从表面滑落。在300摄氏度 (图 2c) 中, 水滴在沉积后立即接触不稳定, 在250毫秒后迅速滑离滑面。
通过测定粘附力, 评价滑面对软组织的抗粘连作用。通过结合加热和操作系统 (图 3a), 我们建立了粘附力测量平台。该软组织被固定在测功机上, 连接到机械手, 测试表面固定在热板上。由于其纯组织, 鸡乳房被选为代表。在压力为 4.5 N 的测试表面加载软组织后, 卸载过程在软组织和试验表面之间产生了粘附力。结果显示在图 3b中。在光滑的不锈钢和滑面上, 粘附力分别为 0.80, 0.18 n 和 0.04, 0.02 n。与光滑的不锈钢表面相比, 粘附力在滑面上的大小阶数降低。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/55888/55888fig1.jpg"> 图1。滑面的形成过程及其滑块性质.(A) 硅油在涂覆的、化学蚀刻的不锈钢上的润湿过程。硅油由于分子层与硅油的相似化学性质, 可完全润湿表面。(B) 在硅油上漂浮的水滴, 并显示其容易滑动的性质。不锈钢的倾角约2°。<a href="https://cloudflare-jove-com.bdigitaluss.remotexs.co/files/ftp_upload/55888/55888fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请单击此处查看此图的较大版本.</a>
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/55888/55888fig2.jpg"> 图2。在高温下具有水滴的湿滑表面的抗润湿行为.水滴运动后, 被沉积在一个水平滑面在不同的高温: (a) 200 °c, (B) 250 °c, 和 (C) 300 °c。在一定时间后, 所有水滴从滑面上滑下, 水滴滑离的必要时间随着表面温度的升高而减小。<a href="https://cloudflare-jove-com.bdigitaluss.remotexs.co/files/ftp_upload/55888/55888fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">请单击此处查看此图的较大版本.</a>
<img alt="Figure 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/55888/55888fig3.jpg"> 图3。高温下软组织对滑面的抗粘附性评价.(A) 粘附力测量平台示意图。使用连接到测功机的机械手在测试表面加载软组织。粘附力被传送到计算机上。(B) 软组织与测试表面之间的粘附力。在300摄氏度的表面温度下, 软组织被加载到试验表面。与光滑的不锈钢表面相比, 滑面上的粘附力下降了约一级。显示的误差线是平均标准偏差 (SD)。<a href="https://cloudflare-jove-com.bdigitaluss.remotexs.co/files/ftp_upload/55888/55888fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">请单击此处查看此图的较大版本.</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel at JoVE.com

Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel

滑面为解决粘接问题提供了一种新的方法。本协议描述如何在高温下制造滑面。结果表明, 在高温下, 滑面表面对液体具有抗润湿性, 对软组织具有显著的抗粘附作用。

不锈钢滑面的制备及高温抗粘接性能研究

Anti-adhesion surfaces with high-temperature resistance have a wide application potential in electrosurgical instruments, engines, and pipelines. A ...

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7.5K 次观看.  Beihang University. 滑面为解决粘接问题提供了一种新的方法。本协议描述如何在高温下制造滑面。结果表明, 在高温下, 滑面表面对液体具有抗润湿性, 对软组织具有显著的抗粘附作用。

视频: Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Atomic force spectroscopy is an ideal tool to study molecules at surfaces and interfaces. An experimental protocol to couple a large variety of single molecules covalently onto an AFM tip is presented. At the same time the AFM tip is passivated to prevent unspecific interactions between the tip and the substrate, which is a prerequisite to study single molecules attached to the AFM tip. Analyses to determine the adhesion force, the adhesion length, and the free energy of these molecules on solid surfaces and bio-interfaces are shortly presented and external references for further reading are provided. Example molecules are the poly(amino acid) polytyrosine, the graft polymer PI-g-PS and the phospholipid POPE (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine). These molecules are desorbed from different surfaces like CH3-SAMs, hydrogen terminated diamond and supported lipid bilayers under various solvent conditions. Finally, the advantages of force spectroscopic single molecule experiments are discussed including means to decide if truly a single molecule has been studied in the experiment.

A protocol to couple a large variety of single molecules covalently onto an AFM tip is presented. Procedures and examples to determine the adhesion force and free energy of these molecules on solid supports and bio-interfaces are provided.

调查单分子粘附的原子力谱

Atomic force spectroscopy is an ideal tool to study molecules at surfaces and interfaces. An experimental protocol to couple a large variety of single ...

科研

工程学

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

Controlling interfacial tension is an effective method for manipulating the shape, position, and flow of fluids at sub-millimeter length scales, where interfacial tension is a dominant force. A variety of methods exist for controlling the interfacial tension of aqueous and organic liquids on this scale; however, these techniques have limited utility for liquid metals due to their large interfacial tension.
Liquid metals can form soft, stretchable, and shape-reconfigurable components in electronic and electromagnetic devices. Although it is possible to manipulate these fluids via mechanical methods (e.g., pumping), electrical methods are easier to miniaturize, control, and implement. However, most electrical techniques have their own constraints: electrowetting-on-dielectric requires large (kV) potentials for modest actuation, electrocapillarity can affect relatively small changes in the interfacial tension, and continuous electrowetting is limited to plugs of the liquid metal in capillaries.
Here, we present a method for actuating gallium and gallium-based liquid metal alloys via an electrochemical surface reaction. Controlling the electrochemical potential on the surface of the liquid metal in electrolyte rapidly and reversibly changes the interfacial tension by over two orders of magnitude ( &#820;500 mN/m to near zero). Furthermore, this method requires only a very modest potential (&#60; 1 V) applied relative to a counter electrode. The resulting change in tension is due primarily to the electrochemical deposition of a surface oxide layer, which acts as a surfactant; removal of the oxide increases the interfacial tension, and vice versa. This technique can be applied in a wide variety of electrolytes and is independent of the substrate on which it rests.

We present a method to control the interfacial energy of a liquid metal in an electrolyte via electrochemical deposition (or removal) of a surface oxide layer. This simple method can control the capillary behavior of gallium-based liquid metals by tuning the interfacial energy rapidly, significantly, and reversibly using modest voltages.

方法通过表面氧化还原操纵液态金属的表面张力

Controlling interfacial tension is an effective method for manipulating the shape, position, and flow of fluids at sub-millimeter length scales, where ...

化学

The Evolution of Silica Nanoparticle-polyester Coatings on Surfaces Exposed to Sunlight

Corrosion of metallic surfaces is prevalent in the environment and is of great concern in many areas, including the military, transport, aviation, building and food industries, amongst others. Polyester and coatings containing both polyester and silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) have been widely used to protect steel substrata from corrosion. In this study, we utilized X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared micro-spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, optical profiling and atomic force microscopy to provide an insight into how exposure to sunlight can cause changes in the micro- and nanoscale integrity of the coatings. No significant change in surface micro-topography was detected using optical profilometry, however, statistically significant nanoscale changes to the surface were detected using atomic force microscopy. Analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection infrared micro-spectroscopy data revealed that degradation of the ester groups had occurred through exposure to ultraviolet light to form COO&#903;, -H2C&#903;, -O&#903;, -CO&#903; radicals. During the degradation process, CO and CO2 were also produced.

Two types of surfaces, polyester-coated steel and polyester coated with a layer of silica nanoparticles, were studied. Both surfaces were exposed to sunlight, which was found to cause substantial changes in the chemistry and nanoscale topography of the surface.

表面上的纳米硅聚酯涂料暴露在阳光下的演变

Corrosion of metallic surfaces is prevalent in the environment and is of great concern in many areas, including the military, transport, aviation, ...

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 and a superhydrophobic agent were coated on the HGM surface in one step. TBT and PFOTES were selected as the Ti source and the superhydrophobic agent, respectively. They were both coated on the HGM, and after the hydrothermal process, the TBT turned to anatase TiO2. In this way, a PFOTES/TiO2-coated HGM (MCHGM) was prepared. For comparison, PFOTES single-coated HGM (F-SCHGM) and TiO2 single-coated HGM (Ti-SCHGM) were synthesized as well. The PFOTES and TiO2 coatings on the HGM surface were demonstrated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive detector (EDS) characterizations. The MCHGM showed a higher contact angle (153&#176;) but a lower sliding angle (16&#176;) than F-SCHGM, with a contact angle of 141.2&#176; and a sliding angle of 67&#176;. In addition, both Ti-SCHGM and MCHGM displayed similar IR reflectivity values, which were about 5.8% higher than the original HGM and F-SCHGM. Also, the PFOTES coating barely changed the thermal conductivity. Therefore, F-SCHGM, with a thermal conductivity of 0.0479 W/(m&#183;K), was quite like the original HGM, which was 0.0475 W/(m&#183;K). MCHGM and Ti-SCHGM were also similar. Their thermal conductivity values were 0.0543 W/(m&#183;K) and 0.0543 W/(m&#183;K), respectively. The TiO2 coating slightly increased the thermal conductivity, but with the increase in reflectivity, the overall heat-insulation property was enhanced. Finally, since the IR-reflecting property is provided by the HGM coating, if the coating is fouled, the reflectivity decreases. Therefore, with the superhydrophobic coating, the surface is protected from fouling, and its lifetime is also prolonged.

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

二氧化钛<sub&gt; 2</sub与由软化学法合成的超疏水性和高IR反射属性&gt;涂覆的空心玻璃微球

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 ...

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

In this study, pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the number of interlines and the orientation of the hybrid wettable pattern. Hybrid wettable patterns were produced by coating superhydrophilic SiO2 on a masked, hydrophobic, cylindrical copper surface. Using de-ionized (DI) water as the working fluid, pool-boiling heat-transfer studies were conducted on the different surface-treated copper cylinders of a 25-mm diameter and a 40-mm length. The experimental results showed that the number of interlines and the orientation of the hybrid wettable pattern influenced the wall superheat and the HTC. By increasing the number of interlines, the HTC was enhanced when compared to the plain surface. Images obtained from the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera indicated that more bubbles formed on the interlines as compared to other parts. The hybrid wettable pattern with the lowermost section being hydrophobic gave the best heat-transfer coefficient (HTC). The experimental results indicated that the bubble dynamics of the surface is an important factor that determines the nucleate boiling.

Pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were carried out to observe the effects of hybrid wettable patterns on the heat-transfer coefficient (HTC). The parameters of investigation are the number of interlines and the pattern orientation of the modified wettable surface.

在圆柱面池沸腾传热强化与混合可湿性模式

In this study, pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the number of interlines and the orientation of the ...

Failure of Cleaning Verification in Pharmaceutical Industry Due to Uncleanliness of Stainless Steel Surface

The aim of this work is to identify the parameters that affect the recovery of pharmaceutical residues from the surface of stainless steel coupons. A series of factors were assessed, including drug product spike levels, spiking procedure, drug-excipient ratios, analyst-to-analyst variability, intraday variability, and cleaning procedure of the coupons. The lack of a well-defined procedure that consistently cleaned the coupon surface was identified as the major contributor to low and variable recoveries. Assessment of cleaning the surface of the coupons with clean-in-place solutions (CIP) gave high recovery (&#62;90%) and reproducible results (Srel&#8804;4%) regardless of the conditions that were assessed previously. The approach was successfully applied for cleaning verification of small molecules (MW &#60;1,000 Da) as well as large biomolecules (MW up to 50,000 Da).

The lack of a well-defined procedure that consistently cleaned coupon surfaces was identified as the major contributor to low and variable recoveries in cleaning verification. This manuscript describes the correct protocol of cleaning stainless steel coupons.

清洁验证在不锈钢表面脏制药行业中的失败

The aim of this work is to identify the parameters that affect the recovery of pharmaceutical residues from the surface of stainless steel coupons. A ...

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in industry. The wettability of the produced surface was analyzed by bouncing drop experiments and the topography was analyzed by confocal microscopy. In addition, we show various methodologies to measure its durability and anti-icing properties. Superhydrophobic surfaces hold a special texture that must be preserved to keep their water-repellency. To fabricate durable surfaces, we followed two strategies to incorporate a resistant texture. The first strategy is a direct incorporation of roughness to the metal substrate by acid etching. After this surface texturization, the surface energy was decreased by silanization or fluoropolymer deposition. The second strategy is the growth of a ceria layer (after surface texturization) that should enhance the surface hardness and corrosion resistance. The surface energy was decreased with a stearic acid film.
The durability of the superhydrophobic surfaces was examined by a particle impact test, mechanical wear by lateral abrasion, and UV-ozone resistance. The anti-icing properties were explored by studying the ability to repeal subcooled water, freezing delay, and ice adhesion.

We illustrate several methodologies to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces and to explore their durability and anti-icing properties.

防结冰用超疏水性金属表面的制备

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in ...

Determining Tribocorrosion Rate and Wear-Corrosion Synergy of Bulk and Thin Film Aluminum Alloys

The increasing complexity and severity of service conditions in areas, such as aerospace and marine industries, nuclear systems, microelectronics, batteries, and biomedical devices, etc., impose great challenges on the reliable performance of alloys exposed to extreme conditions where mechanical and electrochemical attack co-exist. Finding ways for alloys to mitigate the combined attack of wear and corrosion (i.e., tribocorrosion) under such extreme conditions is thus highly critical for improving their reliability and service lifetime when used in such conditions. The challenge lies in the fact that wear and corrosion are not independent of each other, but rather work synergistically to accelerate the total material loss. Thus, a reliable method to evaluate the tribocorrosion resistance of metals and alloys is needed. Here, a protocol for measuring the tribocorrosion rate and wear-corrosion synergy of Al-based bulk and thin film samples in a corrosive environment under room temperature is presented.

Here, we present a protocol to measure the tribocorrosion rate and wear-corrosion synergy of thin film and bulk Al alloys in simulated sea water at room temperature.

Tribocorrosion 和薄膜铝合金的磨损与腐蚀协同性测定

The increasing complexity and severity of service conditions in areas, such as aerospace and marine industries, nuclear systems, microelectronics, ...

Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens

This study presents a methodology for the rapid fabrication and micro-tensile testing of additively manufactured (AM) 17-4PH stainless steels by combining photolithography, wet-etching, focused ion beam (FIB) milling, and modified nanoindentation. Detailed procedures for proper sample surface preparation, photo-resist placement, etchant preparation, and FIB sequencing are described herein to allow for high throughput (rapid) specimen fabrication from bulk AM 17-4PH stainless steel volumes. Additionally, procedures for the nano-indenter tip modification to allow tensile testing are presented and a representative micro specimen is fabricated and tested to failure in tension. Tensile-grip-to-specimen alignment and sample engagement were the main challenges of the micro-tensile testing; however, by reducing the indenter tip dimensions, alignment and engagement between the tensile grip and specimen were improved. Results from the representative micro-scale in situ SEM tensile test indicate a single slip plane specimen fracture (typical of a ductile single crystal failure), differing from macro-scale AM 17-4PH post-yield tensile behavior.

Presented here is a procedure for measuring fundamental material properties through micromechanical tension testing. Described are the methods for micro-tensile specimen fabrication (allowing rapid micro-specimen fabrication from bulk material volumes by combining photolithography, chemical etching, and focused ion beam milling), indenter tip modification, and micromechanical tension testing (including an example).

增材制造的17-4 PH不锈钢试样的微机械张力测试

This study presents a methodology for the rapid fabrication and micro-tensile testing of additively manufactured (AM) 17-4PH stainless steels by combining ...

Mitigation of Blood Borne Cell Attachment to Metal Implants through CD47-Derived Peptide Immobilization

The key complications associated with bare metal stents and drug eluting stents are in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis, respectively. Thus, improving the biocompatibility of metal stents remains a significant challenge. The goal of this protocol is to describe a robust technique of metal surface modification by biologically active peptides to increase biocompatibility of blood contacting medical implants, including endovascular stents. CD47 is an immunological species-specific marker of self and has anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have shown that a 22 amino acid peptide corresponding to the Ig domain of CD47 in the extracellular region (pepCD47), has anti-inflammatory properties like the full-length protein. In vivo studies in rats, and ex vivo studies in rabbit and human blood experimental systems from our lab have demonstrated that pepCD47 immobilization on metals improves their biocompatibility by preventing inflammatory cell attachment and activation. This paper describes the step-by step protocol for the functionalization of metal surfaces and peptide attachment. The metal surfaces are modified using polyallylamine bisphosphate with latent thiol groups (PABT) followed by deprotection of thiols and amplification of thiol-reactive sites via reaction with polyethyleneimine installed with pyridyldithio groups (PEI-PDT). Finally, pepCD47, incorporating terminal cysteine residues connected to the core peptide sequence through a dual 8-amino-3,6-dioxa-octanoyl spacer, are attached to the metal surface via disulfide bonds. This methodology of peptide attachment to metal surface is efficient and relatively inexpensive and thus can be applied to improve biocompatibility of several metallic biomaterials.

Presented here is a protocol for appending peptide CD47 (pepCD47) to metal stents using polybisphosphonate chemistry. Functionalization of metal stents using pepCD47 prevents the attachment and activation of inflammatory cells thus improving their biocompatibility.

通过CD47衍生肽固定，缓解血系细胞附着到金属植入物

The key complications associated with bare metal stents and drug eluting stents are in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis, respectively. Thus, ...