Name: substantiating appropriate motion capture techniques for the assessment of nordic walking gait and posture in older adults
Uploaded: 2016-05-12T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 37 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Substantiating Appropriate Motion Capture Techniques for the Assessment of Nordic Walking Gait and Posture in Older Adults at JoVE.com

On behalf of my co-author and myself, I would like to acknowledge Nordixx Canada for helping to fund this research, our participants for their time and patience, and our fellow colleagues, Jos&#233;e, Ria, Lei, and Nadia, for their help with various aspects of this study.

这项研究是根据渥太华大学的研究伦理委员会的指导进行。 1.筛选程序<ol><li>为了招收一批活跃，社区居住的老年人提供一面展示演示文稿在社区中心和公共设施当地步行组和岗位招聘海报。 </li><li>在最初的访问，首先迎接参加，向他们介绍了实验室，并为他们提供时间来改变成适当的服装（ 如短裤，T恤和运动鞋）。一旦准备就绪，提供每个参与者具有深入的研究说明，取得知情同意书，并筛选每个人使用各种问卷调查研究的资格。 注:纳入标准包括:55-80岁，新手越野行走（NW），无神经系统疾病，无认知障碍，无心脏疾病，既往无损伤或手术影响步态和上肢体的运动，并以独立行走的能力。 <ol><li>有参与者完成一般健康和体力活动问卷，为了体育活动准备问卷（PAR-Q），确认年龄，活动水平，任何现有的神经系统疾病，并简要评估心脏健康。 </li><li>接着，让他们完成自我报告姿势稳定性和跌倒问卷（改编自阿什等人 10），以确定跌倒流行，如果适用的话。最后，为了控制为轻度认知障碍11每个受试者完成蒙特利尔认知评估（MOCA），构成的26的最低分数总分30。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2.极设置和越野行走指令<ol><li>提供与一组磁极的每个参与者，并指示他们如何磁极调整到最佳相对于其高度的长度。保证调整对应于约6个人的身体高度的5％。 <ol><li>提供关于极调整以下说明每个参与者。请参与者挺起胸膛，有与会者把极尖的脚趾前面，指导学员放置肘部和前臂尸体旁边，并要求参与者延长杆使肘部形成一个近似90°角下的身体。最后，拧紧杆和角度引导提示倒退。 </li></ol></li><li>指示参与者以下4个基本步骤，以便最小化的信息来处理的量和确保技术12的透彻理解。配发的指令和技术的随后的实践大约30分钟。 注:越野行走的指令是由经过认证的越野行走极导师给出。 <ol><li>固定手腕带之前，指示参与者把他们极腰背后面巍然屹立。请参与者站在自己的胸部又高又轻松的肩上。 注:解释到这样做是为了获得所需的直立体位进行越野行走的理解参与者。 </li><li>已每个参与者固定手腕，把它们背后的极尖，并在其两侧放松武器。同时保持自己的双手打开（ 即不抓把手），责成主题，开始以最小的摆臂走了约100米。 注:在此阶段，该磁极被简单地尾随参与者的后面。 </li><li>同时仍保持双手打开并拖动两极他们身后，指导参与者开始走快。请参与者想象将他们的手，好像他们即将撼动人的手。 注:在此阶段，说明我们的目标是在步态，促进手臂和腿的自然互惠和有节奏的动作。 </li><li>最后，随着手臂向前摆动，有参与者轻轻抓住把手，对地面施加的力。每次摆臂，指导个体微微抬起电线杆离地面，牢牢以后每次步幅种植他们。 注:在此阶段，解释，在步态的进展所施加的力助剂，并提供到上身肌肉阻力。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.数据采集和测试协议<ol><li>使用标准的卷尺，体重秤，和厚度，取参与者的人体测量，包括身高，体重，间ASIS距离，左，右腿的长度，膝盖的宽度，踝宽度，肩偏移，肘宽度，腕宽度和手厚度。 <ol><li>使用卷尺，测量各腿的长度作为来自前-上棘（ASIS）到内踝的中心的距离，以及左和右ASIS之间的距离（ 即&lt;/ em&gt;的跨ASIS的距离）。 <ol><li>接着，使用卡尺通过找到骨突之间（ 例如髁）每个关节的距离测量每个关节的宽度。最后，测量使用标准卷尺和规模的参与者的身高和体重，分别。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li>为了评估步态模式（ 例如时空措施）和姿势的调整过的很长一段时间，使用的数据收集的加速度计系统期间，6分钟步行测试（6MWT），这是一个有效的和合适的测试中评估老年成人身体耐力13。 <ol><li>对于加速度计系统，确保其以同时测量加速度（g）和每个特定身体段的角速度（度/秒）包括至少6个传感器，每个加速度计和掺入其中陀螺仪。 <ol><li>此前在参与者的位置，确保所有传感器ARË安全地停靠到系统的基座，以便将它们同步和校准系统，并最终传递精确的测量数据14。 </li></ol></li><li>附加使用可调钩和环带的传感器，固定传感器到手腕，脚腕，腰椎（L5）和躯干和至少100赫兹的采样速率收集。 <ol><li>当放置的传感器，确保它们根据系统指引导向。脚踝传感器前方的位置。手腕上的传感器后方位置（解剖位置时）。躯干传感器胸骨顶上定位，并在L5椎骨L5的传感器直接定位。 注:运动学数据被无线来自这些传感器发射到一个接入点，其用于精确时间同步的数据的传输。 </li></ol></li><li>恰好与6个传感器参与者并要求他们执行6MWT的两项试验，其中一个极与邻NE没有。随机地分配这两个试验来控制顺序效应。 </li><li>在指示为6MWT在自行选定的速度来回走动沿25μm的走道，对于既没有极参与者。这时，一定要单击"开始"，开始数据收集与加速度计的系统。 注:在极试验，提供进一步的指示参与者实施其极化指令。 </li></ol></li><li>最后，通过使用3维的运动捕捉系统至少100赫兹的收集，与埋设在通路二逼板评估短持续时间的步态事件。同步与运动捕捉系统的动力平台，确保平台的力归零，以防止噪音中的数据，并确保他们以足够的采样率采集，例如1000赫兹。 <ol><li>首先将它们连接到电脑通过导线提供同步测力板的运动捕捉系统d从公司。第二，直接在运动捕捉系统软件中，当务之急是要通过输入尺寸，灵敏度，采样率"添加"力板，以捕获量，并为系统中的任何其他必需的信息。 </li><li>确保测力板已经"归零"。在两个步骤做:1）右侧的软件中点击每个测力板，并选择"零力板"; 2）按"零"按钮是直接在测力板的数据采集盒。 注:确保运动捕捉系统从左腿和右腿都收集来自各方力量的平台上脚罢工的实时信息，并允许时空，运动学，动力学和分析。 </li></ol></li><li>完成系统的动态校准（旨在界定捕获量即数据采集过程中使用）。要做到这一点，通过captur挥动-3-标记棒以控制的方式Ë空间。的0，0，0（X，Y，Z，然后执行该系统的静态校准设置全局坐标系统（ 即参考点）由在该指定的基准点，并选择&#39;设置卷放置4-标记的L-帧&#39;在电脑软件中。 注:动态校准后协助用于此模型39反光标志的三维位置的重建。 <ol><li>适合参与者与39反射标记，用双面胶带附接它们，并把它们放在特定的解剖学界标，包括:第二跖骨，侧踝，calcanei，左，右中间柄，外侧股骨髁，左，右大腿中部，ASIS，PSIS，T10，C7右背部，锁骨，胸骨，肩峰流程，左，右中间肱骨，侧向上髁，左，右中间前臂，内侧和外侧的手腕，第二掌骨，前外头，和后外侧头部。 </li><li>指示参与者则通过系统的捕获量执行5米步行6试验中，三连电线杆和三无。随机分配这些试验来控制阶效应，并提供相同的指令为每6MWT。 </li></ol></li></ol> 4.数据和统计分析14 <ol><li>在6MWT的分析，删除所有原来在审讯过程中，以占严格稳态步行取出转弯后，使用系统软件来提取所有地方的时空措施，运动（ROM）的躯干范围，主干速度在所有平面。 注意:这是自动此协议中通过由该系统本身14使用的算法完成的。提取此系统内的必要因变量的步骤如下。 <ol><li>使用加速度计的系统软件，首先点击"监测数据"，选择已收集相应的时间戳试验，右键点击TRIALS，然后选择"转换为CSV"。这样做后，打开CSV文件，并确保所有6个传感器的数据已导出作进一步分析。 </li><li>然后，再次选择试用，然后单击"导出为PDF"。观察系统产生具有多个变量PDF报表。从这里，提取期望为研究的变量，在这种情况下，时空和运动学的措施。 </li></ol></li><li>对于三维运动捕捉，采用了四阶滞后零巴特沃斯滤波器的模拟设备与10 Hz的截止频率以及一个Woltring过滤器标记轨迹带有15mm MSE预测值过滤所有试验。要做到这一点，请将"巴特沃斯和Woltring"过滤选项系统软件中的操作管道，选择上述截止频率和MSE值，然后单击"运行"。 <ol><li>添加"导出到ASCII文件"操作中的操作管道系统并选择"运行"。保存新导出ASCII（电子表格）工作到计算机。 </li><li>打开导出ASCII文件和每个文件中，找到输出功率和的力（ 即动力学）的时刻的每个下肢关节，包括踝，膝和髋部。 注意:使用在工作表内的最小和最大的功能，计算由冬季14所概述对应于单个步态周期的不同阶段（ 如 A 1中，K1，H1 等 ）的上和下峰。 </li><li>接着，提取使用特定的系统软件，它在此情况下，自动地通过系统的算法和从人体测量计算出的时空措施。要提取特定变量，先导入所需的审判进入系统软件中，选择"活动"，并单击所需的变量，以获取每个试验变量平均值。 </li></ol></li><li>大号astly，使用ASCII文件，找到了C7标记的轨迹，以及骶/骨盆标记。使用这些轨迹，计算姿势的调整如在内侧 - 外侧和前侧 - 后侧方向这两个标记和轨迹之间的差。 </li><li>打开统计软件，并导入具体的审判。首先，使用夏皮罗 - 威尔克斯测试正常，确保数据是否是正态分布。 <ol><li>为了与无杆比较，采用配对t检验，当数据被正态分布，偏态时Wilcoxon符号秩检验。必要时使用霍尔姆 - Sidak多重配对比较程序。显着性水平设定为p &lt;0.05。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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这项工作部分由Nordixx加拿大，在这个视频中使用的行走杖制造商提供资金。

在极使用的术语保持一致的重要性是该协议内的关键。特别是，为了正确极化技术，以及适当的极适当的步骤设置均保持不同研究的一致性非常重要。因此，一个特定的越野行走的组织指导和说明应遵循对等协议这一点。此外，特别是使用加速度计，使用一个完整的身体组三轴向显示器的重要的是要获得被检者的全身体运动的一个完整的了解（ 例如 ，步态和姿势），包括每一个特定的身?...

北欧式健走（NW）被认为是使用专门设计的杆1健身走的简单和安全的方式。有人建议，极提供增加稳定性，改善姿势，减少下肢关节的压力。然而，有限的或相互矛盾的证据存在关于关节负荷和姿势的调整。一方面，Schwameder 等 2，威尔森等 3和小泉等人在运动的措施和/或在地面反应，压缩减少量，并与他们的极行走研究的剪切力4报告的改进。另一方面，在制动/推进力和力矩的方面下降运动的措施，提高关节负荷已经报道由Hansen等 5，Stief 等 6和Hagen等 7而极行走。此外，改善姿势的调整的说法似乎已经消失了entirelŸ通过科研这点不支持。 与步态模式，不同的方法和设备发现了相反的结果类似在这方面的研究被用作良好。几项研究已经使用的3维动作捕捉系统4,6和数码摄像机2,5，全部用并入系统力板，以充分评估步态。而另外，其他研究评估采用北欧极化步态包括使用electrogoniometry 7，肌电图（EMG）8的其他手段，应变计安装在电线杆2,9。在这个协议中所使用的技术，提出了能够超过更多集中在较短的持续时间和单步态循环的替代技术来证明个人的北欧极化步态的更适当的表示（ 即重复步态周期）的特定优势。另外，该方法使用加速度计，一个有效的工具，这一点在越野行走的研究被稀疏使用。根据个别的研究项目的目标，如在本协议所述，特别是对短期和长期的持续时间步态此协议的应用程序可能是适当的情况下。要注意，这两个运动捕捉和加速度计是适于获得各种步态特征，包括重要的是:时空（ 如步幅长度，步态速度等 ），运动（ 例如 ，运动的范围），和动力学（ 例如力，输出功率等 ）的参数。 尽管使用这些不同设备的，只是时间短步态事件（ 即单步态周期）进行了评估，留下的问候问题，最好的评估持续时间较长的步态（ 即重复步态周期）。因此，对于开发和使用该技术的基本原理是基于第i塑造北欧极化步态的完整画面的mportance。 本研究的目的是双重的。第一，主要目标是确定和证实在步态和姿势的评估使用两个加速度计系统和三维运动捕获系统的过短和长持续时间。其次，我们的目标是确定对步态模式包括时间空间和动能措施以及老年人的姿势的调整越野行走手杖的整体效果。迄今为止，极少的研究主要集中在老成人NW对那些为已经出版，功能（ 即力量，平衡，柔韧性）代表了主要的结果变量。因此，需要对有关的步态可测量变量拐杖的作用，知识，能洞察随着年龄的增长极可以怎么玩到我​​们的步态模式。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Nordic walking poles</td><td>Nordixx Canada</td><td>Nordixx Global Traveler or Walker</td><td>Alternative poles may be used</td></tr><tr><td>APDM accelerometry system</td><td>APDM</td><td>Opal system</td><td>Alternative systems may be used</td></tr><tr><td>Vicon motion capture system</td><td>Vicon</td><td></td><td>Alternative systems may be used</td></tr><tr><td>Kistler force platforms</td><td>Kistler</td><td></td><td>Alternative platforms may be used</td></tr><tr><td>Vicon Nexus &amp;amp; Polygon</td><td>Vicon</td><td></td><td>Used in data analysis</td></tr><tr><td>14 mm reflective markers</td><td>Vicon</td><td></td><td>Number or markers depends on model</td></tr><tr><td>Tape measure</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weight scale</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caliper</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

substantiating appropriate motion capture techniques for the assessment of nordic walking gait and posture in older adults

越野行走（NW）已成为运动的安全和简单的形式，近年来，并且在研究该步态模式，各种数据收集技术已采用，每个阳性和阴性。这样做的目的是要确定NW对老年人成年步态和姿势的影响，并确定在短期和长期持续时间分析不同的数据收集系统的最佳利用。 NW和正常行走时步态和姿势在17名健康的老年人进行了评估（年龄:69±7.3）。参加演出的6分钟步行试验（6MWT）两项试验（1极点（WP）和1个无杆（NP））和5米之遥（3 WP和3 NP）6试验。使用两个系统，一个6传感器加速度计系统和一个8摄像机的三维运动捕捉系统运动被记录，以量化的时空，运动学和动力学参数。 与这两个系统中，参与者表现出增加步幅和双拥增减ED步态速度和节奏WP相比，NP（P &lt;0.05）。此外，动作捕捉，大单支持时间被发现WP（P &lt;0.05）。随着3-D采集，较小的臀部发电和力量的瞬间被发现在相对于NP，当超过评估脚跟接触和预摆以及较小的膝盖功率吸收在脚跟接触，预摆，和终端摆动WP周期（p &lt;0.05）。另外，可湿性粉剂在步态周期（P &lt;0.05）的立脚中间产生了在后跟的接触和与较大的时刻沿终端摇摆力小的时刻。被发现的姿势没有变化。 NW看起来适合中老年人促进正常的步态。三维运动捕捉应主要短持续时间的步态分析（ 即单步态周期）期间使用，而加速度计系统应在需要更长的持续时间的分析，如6MWT期间实例中主要使用。

时空步态参数当越野行走手杖行走，并评估使用运动捕捉和力板，步幅（P &lt;0.01），双拥时间（P &lt;0.001），而单支持时间（P &lt;0.001）进行比较，没有极走路都显著较长。另外，步态速度（P &lt;0.05）是显著较慢和韵律（P &lt;0.001）是具有极显著较小比不含老年人。此外，检查步态，当在一个较长时间的步行与6MWT和使用加速度...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Substantiating Appropriate Motion Capture Techniques for the Assessment of Nordic Walking Gait and Posture in Older Adults at JoVE.com

Substantiating Appropriate Motion Capture Techniques for the Assessment of Nordic Walking Gait and Posture in Older Adults

充实适当的运动捕捉技术的越野行走步态中老年人的评估和姿势

这样做的目的是为了证实越野行走步态和姿势分析，数据收集技术的最佳使用。三维运动捕捉应短持续时间的分析（ 即单步态周期）期间使用，而加速度计，应采用较 ​​长的持续时间分析（ 即反复循环）像6分钟步行试验。

Nordic walking (NW) has become a safe and simple form of exercise in recent years, and in studying this gait pattern, various data collection techniques ...

substantiating-appropriate-motion-capture-techniques-for-assessment

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

8.7K 次观看.  University of Ottawa. 这样做的目的是为了证实越野行走步态和姿势分析，数据收集技术的最佳使用。三维运动捕捉应短持续时间的分析（ 即单步态周期）期间使用，而加速度计，应采用较 ​​长的持续时间分析（ 即反复循环）像6分钟步行试验。 

视频: Substantiating Appropriate Motion Capture Techniques for the Assessment of Nordic Walking Gait and Posture in Older Adults

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Individuals with sensorimotor pathology e.g., stroke have difficulty executing the common task of rising from sitting and initiating gait (sit-to-walk: STW). Thus, in clinical rehabilitation separation of sit-to-stand and gait initiation - termed sit-to-stand-and-walk (STSW) - is usual. However, a standardized STSW protocol with a clearly defined analytical approach suitable for pathological assessment has yet to be defined.
Hence, a goal-orientated protocol is defined that is suitable for healthy and compromised individuals by requiring the rising phase to be initiated from 120% knee height with a wide base of support independent of lead limb. Optical capture of three-dimensional (3D) segmental movement trajectories, and force platforms to yield two-dimensional (2D) center-of-pressure (COP) trajectories permit tracking of the horizontal distance between COP and whole-body-center-of-mass (BCOM), the decrease of which increases positional stability but is proposed to represent poor dynamic postural control.
BCOM-COP distance is expressed with and without normalization to subjects&#39; leg length. Whilst COP-BCOM distances vary through STSW, normalized data at the key movement events of seat-off and initial toe-off (TO1) during steps 1 and 2 have low intra and inter subject variability in 5 repeated trials performed by 10 young healthy individuals. Thus, comparing COP-BCOM distance at key events during performance of an STSW paradigm between patients with upper motor neuron injury, or other compromised patient groups, and normative data in young healthy individuals is a novel methodology for evaluation of dynamic postural stability.

Here, we present a novel protocol to measure positional stability at key events during the sit-to-stand-to-walk using the center-of-pressure to the whole-body-center-of-mass distance. This was derived from the force platform and three-dimensional motion-capture technology. The paradigm is reliable and can be utilized for the assessment of neurologically compromised individuals.

坐姿到站姿和步行距离120％膝盖高度:新方法来评估铅肢体的动态姿势控制独立

Individuals with sensorimotor pathology e.g., stroke have difficulty executing the common task of rising from sitting and initiating gait (sit-to-walk: ...

科研

行为学

Gait Analysis of Age-dependent Motor Impairments in Mice with Neurodegeneration

Motor behavior tests are commonly used to determine the functional relevance of a rodent model and to test newly developed treatments in these animals. Specifically, gait analysis allows recapturing disease relevant phenotypes that are observed in human patients, especially in neurodegenerative diseases that affect motor abilities such as Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD), Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others. In early studies along this line, the measurement of gait parameters was laborious and depended on factors that were hard to control (e.g., running speed, continuous running). The development of ventral plane imaging (VPI) systems made it feasible to perform gait analysis at a large scale, making this method a useful tool for the assessment of motor behavior in rodents. Here, we present an in-depth protocol of how to use kinematic gait analysis to examine the age-dependent progression of motor deficits in mouse models of neurodegeneration; mouse lines with decreased levels of endophilin, in which neurodegenerative damage progressively increases with age, are used as an example.

In this study, we demonstrate the use of kinematic gait analysis based on ventral plane imaging to monitor the subtle changes in motor coordination as well as the progression of neurodegeneration with advancing age in mouse models (e.g., endophilin mutant mouse lines).

变性小鼠年龄依赖性运动障碍的步态分析

Motor behavior tests are commonly used to determine the functional relevance of a rodent model and to test newly developed treatments in these animals. ...

发育生物学

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

Computerized dynamic posturography with the EquiTest is an objective technique for measuring postural strategies under challenging static and dynamic conditions. As part of a diagnostic assessment, the early detection of postural deficits is important so that appropriate and targeted interventions can be prescribed. The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) on the EquiTest determines an individual&#39;s use of the sensory systems (somatosensory, visual, and vestibular) that are responsible for postural control. Somatosensory and visual input are altered by the calibrated sway-referenced support surface and visual surround, which move in the anterior-posterior direction in response to the individual&#39;s postural sway. This creates a conflicting sensory experience. The Motor Control Test (MCT) challenges postural control by creating unexpected postural disturbances in the form of backwards and forwards translations. The translations are graded in magnitude and the time to recover from the perturbation is computed.
Intermittent claudication, the most common symptom of peripheral arterial disease, is characterized by a cramping pain in the lower limbs and caused by muscle ischemia secondary to reduced blood flow to working muscles during physical exertion. Claudicants often display poor balance, making them susceptible to falls and activity avoidance. The Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) is a noninvasive method for indicating the presence of peripheral arterial disease and intermittent claudication, a common symptom in the lower extremities. ABPI is measured as the highest systolic pressure from either the dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial artery divided by the highest brachial artery systolic pressure from either arm. This paper will focus on the use of computerized dynamic posturography in the assessment of balance in claudicants.

Individuals with intermittent claudication exhibit poor balance compared to healthy controls. Computerized dynamic posturography is an objective method for measuring an individual's postural responses to balance disturbances. This provides an objective reflection of the person&#x2019;s ability to respond to situations under which sensory stimuli are altered and unexpected perturbations occur.

Computerized dynamic posturography with the EquiTest is an objective technique for measuring postural strategies under challenging static and dynamic ...

医学

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults

Spatial and temporal characteristics of human walking are frequently evaluated to identify possible gait impairments, mainly in orthopedic and neurological patients1-4, but also in healthy older adults5,6. The quantitative gait analysis described in this protocol is performed with a recently-introduced photoelectric system (see&#160;Materials table) which has the potential to be used in the clinic because it is portable, easy to set up (no subject preparation is required before a test), and does not require maintenance and sensor calibration. The photoelectric system consists of series of high-density floor-based photoelectric cells with light-emitting and light-receiving diodes that are placed parallel to each other to create a corridor, and are oriented perpendicular to the line of progression7. The system simply detects interruptions in light signal, for instance due to the presence of feet within the recording area. Temporal gait parameters and 1D spatial coordinates of consecutive steps are subsequently calculated to provide common gait parameters such as step length, single limb support and walking velocity8, whose validity against a criterion instrument has recently been demonstrated7,9. The measurement procedures are very straightforward; a single patient can be tested in less than 5 min&#160;and a comprehensive report can be generated in less than 1&#160;min.

This protocol is used to evaluate spatial and temporal gait variables of neurological/orthopedic patients and older persons by means of a recently-introduced floor-based photocell system.

时空步态参数的患者和老年人的临床评估

Spatial and temporal characteristics of human walking are frequently evaluated to identify possible gait impairments, mainly in orthopedic and ...

Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease

This study presents a protocol for virtual and in-person walking groups for older adults with neurodegenerative diseases and addresses the decline in physical activity and social connectivity during the pandemic. Physical activity, specifically moderate-intensity walking, has been shown to have multiple health benefits for older adults. This methodology was created during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to lower physical activity levels and social isolation in older adults. Both the in-person and virtual classes utilize technology such as fitness tracking apps and video platforms. Data are presented from two groups of older adults with neurodegenerative disease: people with prodromal Alzheimer's disease and people with Parkinson's disease. Participants in the virtual classes were screened for balance impairments before the walk, and any person deemed at risk for falls was not eligible to participate virtually. As COVID vaccines became available and restrictions were lifted, in-person walking groups became feasible. Staff and caregivers were trained in balance management, roles/responsibilities, and delivering walking cues. Both walks, virtual and in-person, consisted of a warm up, a walk, and a cool down, and posture, gait, and safety cues were given throughout. Measures of the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) were taken pre-warm up, post-warm up, and at 15 min, 30 min, and 45 min time points. Participants also used a walking application (app) on their phones to record the distance walked and the number of steps taken. The study showed a positive correlation between HR and RPE in both groups. The participants in the virtual group rated the walking group favorably in terms of improving their quality of life during a period of social isolation and contributing to physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The methodology shows a safe and feasible way to implement virtual and in-person walking groups for older adults with neurological diseases.

The present protocol aims to inform rehabilitation specialists and fitness instructors in safe, feasible, and evidence-based methods of delivering virtual and in-person walking classes to older adults with neurodegenerative diseases.

与我同行:为患有神经退行性疾病的老年人提供混合虚拟/面对面步行

This study presents a protocol for virtual and in-person walking groups for older adults with neurodegenerative diseases and addresses the decline in ...

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis

Current outcomes in neuromuscular disorder clinical trials include motor function scales, timed tests, and strength measures performed by trained clinical evaluators. These measures are slightly subjective and are performed during a visit to a clinic or hospital and constitute therefore a point assessment. Point assessments can be influenced by daily patient condition or factors such as fatigue, motivation, and intercurrent illness. To enable home-based monitoring of gait and activity, a wearable magneto-inertial sensor (WMIS) has been developed. This device is a movement monitor composed of two very light watch-like sensors and a docking station. Each sensor contains a tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, and a barometer that record linear acceleration, angular velocity, the magnetic field of the movement in all directions, and barometric altitude, respectively. The sensors can be worn on the wrist, ankle, or wheelchair to record the subject&#8217;s movements during the day. The docking station enables data uploading and recharging of sensor batteries during the night. Data are analyzed using proprietary algorithms to compute parameters representative of the type and intensity of the performed movement. This WMIS can record a set of digital biomarkers, including cumulative variables, such as total number of meters walked, and descriptive gait variables, such as the percentage of the most rapid or longest stride that represents the top performance of patient over a predefined period of time.

This innovative device uses magneto-inertial sensors to permit gait and activity analysis in uncontrolled environments. Currently in the qualification process as an outcome measure in the European Medical Agency, one of the applications will be to serve as a clinical endpoint in clinical trials in neuromuscular diseases.

基于家庭的盖特和活动分析监视器

Current outcomes in neuromuscular disorder clinical trials include motor function scales, timed tests, and strength measures performed by trained clinical ...

生物工程

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Approximately 1.2 million people in the United States live with HIV infection. Medical advancements have increased the life expectancy and this cohort is aging. HIV-positive individuals have a high incidence of frailty (~20%) characterized by depression and sedentary behavior. Exercise would be healthy, but due to the frail status of many HIV-positive individuals, conventional exercise is too taxing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a novel game-based training program (exergame) in ameliorating some aspects of frailty in HIV-infected individuals. Ten older people living with HIV were enrolled in an exergame intervention. Patients performed balance exercises such as weight shifting, ankle reaching, and obstacle crossing. Real-time visual/audio lower-extremity joint motion feedback was provided using wearable sensors to assist feedback and encourage subjects to accurately execute each exercise task. Patients trained twice a week for 45 min for 6 weeks. Changes in balance, gait, psychosocial parameters and quality of life parameters were assessed at the beginning, midterm and at conclusion of the training program. Ten patients completed the study and their results analyzed. The mean age was 57.2 &#177; 9.2 years. The participants showed a significant reduction in center of mass sway (78.2%, p = .045) during the semi-tandem balance stance with eyes closed and showed a significant increase in gait speed during a dual task motor-cognitive assessment (9.3%, p = .048) with an increase in stride velocity of over 0.1 m/sec. A significant reduction in reported pain occurred (43.5%, p = .041). Preliminary results of this exergame intervention show promise in improving balance and mobility while requiring older people living with HIV to be more active. The exergame can be continued at home and may have long term as well as short-term benefits for ameliorating frailty associated with HIV infection.

Persons infected with HIV are often frail, depressed and live a sedentary lifestyle for which conventional exercise is too taxing. Here, we present an exercise protocol that ameliorates aspects of frailty in HIV-infected persons. An exergame integrating cognitive control was developed using biosensors that measured balance, weight-shifting and obstacle crossing.

老年人艾滋病感染者健身游戏平衡改善，流动性和可改善虚弱的几个问题

Approximately 1.2 million people in the United States live with HIV infection. Medical advancements have increased the life expectancy and this cohort is ...

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Eighteen stroke patients were recruited for this study involving the evaluation of cognition and walking ability and multitask gait analysis. Multitask gait analysis consisted of a single walking task (Task 0), a simple motor dual-task (water-holding, Task 1), and a complex motor dual-task (crossing obstacles, Task 2). The task of crossing obstacles was considered to be equivalent to the combination of a simple walking task and a complex motor task as it involved more nervous system, skeletal movement, and cognitive resources. To eliminate heterogeneity in the results of the gait analysis of the stroke patients, the dual-task gait cost values were calculated for various kinematic parameters. The major differences were observed in the proximal joint angles, especially in the angles of the trunk, pelvis, and hip joints, which were significantly larger in the dual motor tasks than in the single walking task. This research protocol aims to provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis of gait function and an in-depth study of motor control in stroke patients with motor control deficits through the analyses of dual-motor walking tasks.

This paper presents a protocol specifically for dual motor task gait analysis in stroke patients with motor control deficits.

用于中风后患者步态分析和评估的运动双任务

Eighteen stroke patients were recruited for this study involving the evaluation of cognition and walking ability and multitask gait analysis. Multitask ...

神经科学

Comprehensive Understanding of Inactivity-Induced Gait Alteration in Rodents

It is well known that disuse affects neural systems and that joint motions become altered; however, which outcomes properly exhibit these characteristics is still unclear. The present study describes a motion analysis approach that utilizes three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from video captures. Using this technology, disuse-evoked alterations of walking performances were observed in rodents exposed to a simulated microgravity environment by unloading their hindlimb by their tail. After 2 weeks of unloading, the rats walked on a treadmill, and their gait motions were captured with four charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. 3D motion profiles were reconstructed and compared to those of control subjects using the image processing software. The reconstructed outcome measures successfully portrayed distinct aspects of distorted gait motion: hyperextension of the knee and ankle joints and higher position of the hip joints during the stance phase. Motion analysis is useful for several reasons. First, it enables quantitative behavioral evaluations instead of subjective observations (e.g., pass/fail in certain tasks). Second, multiple parameters can be extracted to fit specific needs once the fundamental datasets are obtained. Despite hurdles for broader application, the disadvantages of this method, including labor intensity and cost, may be alleviated by determining comprehensive measurements and experimental procedures.

The present protocol describes three-dimensional motion tracking/evaluation to depict gait motion alteration of rats after exposure to a simulated disuse environment.

全面了解啮齿动物不活动引起的步态改变

It is well known that disuse affects neural systems and that joint motions become altered; however, which outcomes properly exhibit these characteristics ...

Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings

Gait initiation (GI), the transient phase between orthograde posture and steady-state locomotion, is a functional task and an experimental paradigm that is classically used in the literature to obtain insight into the basic postural mechanisms underlying body motion and balance control. Investigating GI has also contributed to a better understanding of the physiopathology of postural disorders in elderly and neurological participants (e.g., patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease). As such, it is recognized to have important clinical implications, especially in terms of fall prevention.
This paper aims to provide scholars, clinicians, and higher education students information on the material and method developed to investigate GI postural organization via a biomechanical approach. The method is based on force platform recordings and the direct principle of mechanics to compute the kinematics of the center of gravity and center of pressure. The interaction between these two virtual points is a key element in this method since it determines the conditions of stability and whole-body progression. The protocol involves the participant initially standing immobile in an upright posture and starting to walk until the end of an at least 5 m track.
It is recommended to vary the GI velocity (slow, spontaneous, fast) and the level of temporal pressure - gait may be initiated as soon as possible after the deliverance of a departure signal (high level of temporal pressure) or when the participant feels ready (low level of temporal pressure). Biomechanical parameters obtained with this method (e.g., duration and amplitude of anticipatory postural adjustments, step length/width, performance, and stability) are defined, and their computation method is detailed. In addition, typical values obtained in healthy young adults are provided. Finally, critical steps, limitations, and significance of the method with respect to the alternative method (motion capture system) are discussed.

This paper describes the material and method developed to investigate the postural organization of gait initiation. The method is based on force platform recordings and on the direct principle of mechanics to compute center of gravity and center of pressure kinematics.

使用力平台记录进行生物力学分析的步态起始姿势组织

Gait initiation (GI), the transient phase between orthograde posture and steady-state locomotion, is a functional task and an experimental paradigm that ...