Name: colloidal synthesis of nanopatch antennas for applications in plasmonics and nanophotonics
Uploaded: 2016-05-28T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 12 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator Research Program (AFOSR, Grant. No. FA9550-15-1-0301).

注意:在这些过程中使用的若干化学品（如浓硝酸（15.698中号HNO 3）和盐酸（6M HCl中））是危险的。适当的手套，护目镜等安全设备必须使用。使用前请参考所有化学品的材料安全数据表（MSDS）。 1.纳米立方体合成<ol><li> 试剂的制备 注:乙二醇（EG），必须是无水的。关闭EG容器的盖子时，它不使用，以防止水分的吸收。三氟乙酸银（AGC 2 F 3 O 2），是非常敏感的点亮，因此在AGC 2 F 3 O 2的溶液中的最后一个步骤制备。 <ol><li>通过在13.5毫升EG 1毫克的NaSH溶于制备1.3毫硫氢化钠水合物（NASH）溶液。 </li><li>通过在5ml乙二醇为0.1g的PVP溶解制备20毫克/毫升的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）溶液。 </li><li>准备3毫米HY通过混合2.5微升的6.0米液体HCl溶液与4.9975毫升的EG drochloric溶液。 </li><li>由于0.8ml EG为0.1g银石墨2 F 3 O 2的溶解准备银石墨2 F 3 O 2的解决方案。 </li></ol></li><li> 设备安装 <ol><li>清洗圆底烧瓶（RBF）和其用浓帽（70％，15.698 M）硝酸HNO 3。装满HNO 3 RBF和放帽上30分钟。确保盖接触的酸。 </li><li>经过HNO 3酸，用干净的去离子（DI）水清洗一遍RBF和盖 ​​。用干净的氮气干燥RBF和帽子之后。 RBF和其上限必须是清洁和干燥。 </li><li>通过在HNO 3中浸渍30分钟，清洁磁性搅拌棒。 HNO 3后，用去离子水清洗一遍，然后用干净的氮气吹干。 </li><li>准备加热浴。放置一个硅氧烷流体浴（在图1A中示出）上具有良好控制的温度下搅拌加热板的顶部。使用外部温度计监视流体浴的温度。设定温度至150℃，搅拌速度至260转。 </li><li>用夹子安装RBF 如图1B。放置磁性搅拌棒（步骤1.2.3准备）到RBF。 </li></ol></li><li> 合成过程 <ol><li>浸RBF进入加热浴（深约10mm进液;参见图1A-1B）。 </li><li>使用一个微量吸移管至10毫升的EG溶液放入RBF。戴上RBF盖子，等待20分钟。这一步骤的目的是为了重新清洁RBF，此时用EG。 </li><li> 20分钟后，取下瓶盖，然后抬起RBF加热锅中，倒入10毫升EG进入处理容器。注意:EG溶液是热的（150℃），它建议采取整个钳出（ 图1B）。确保日在磁性搅拌棒（见步骤1.2.5）不会脱落。 </li><li>把RBF回热浴（见步骤1.3.1）。 </li><li>用微量到5ml的EG放入RBF装上盖子。 </li><li>等待5分钟。 </li><li>就拿RBF的帽子摘下，用微量放置60微升纳什（如上面的步骤1.1.1制备）进入RBF。把盖子重新拧上。 </li><li>等待2分钟。 </li><li>取RBR的帽脱落，使用微量吸管放置500微升的HCl溶液（如上面步骤1.1.3制备）进入的RBF。 </li><li>前面的步骤之后，立即使用一个微量吸移管以放置1.25毫升PVP的溶液（如上面步骤1.1.2制备）进入的RBF。把盖子重新拧上。 </li><li>等待2分钟。 </li><li>就拿RBF的帽子摘下，用微量放置400微升将AGC 2 F 3 O 2溶液（如上面的步骤1.1.4制备）进入RBF。把盖子重新拧上。 </li><li>等待2。5小时。银纳米立方体是在此步骤中形成。如果可能的话，在此期间，在室内光线减少到最低限度。 </li><li> 2.5小时后，关闭加热器，但留在搅拌，以避免在底部流体燃烧。使用夹子（ 图1B所示），以提高加热浴上方的RBF。取下盖子。 </li><li>拆下热浴，这样会更快冷静下来的RBF。经过约20分钟，加入5毫升丙酮进入RBF。涡它以良好混合的解决方案。在结束时，将溶液的总体积为12毫升见图2A。 </li><li>使用微量吸和最终溶液转移至八个小1.5毫升塑料管。 </li><li>在5150 xg的为10分钟的速度离心这八个管。其结果是，所有的银纳米立方体将在管的底部。使用一个微量吸移管在各管的底部，除去顶部上清液，留下约100微升。 </li><li>填1毫升DI水到每个这些管（从步骤1.3.17获得）。涡和超声（5分钟）管。现在纳米立方体悬浮于主要DI水中。 </li><li>离心再次在5150 XG在步骤1.3.18制备5分钟的八个管。所有的银纳米立方体将在管的底部。使用微量吸管，除去顶部上清液，留下约100微升在每个管的底部。 </li><li>填1毫升DI水到每个从步骤1.3.19中得到的管。涡和超声管。纳米立方体现在悬浮在去离子水。从该合成得到的最终纳米立方体溶液示于图2B，例如， </li></ol></li></ol> 2.金膜蒸发 注意:一个电子束蒸发器，使用上购买的洁净室清洁载玻片以沉积金（Au）膜，用铬（Cr）作为粘接层。蒸发过程发生在一个真空室，使分子能够自由蒸发在腔室，然后升华在衬底上。操作步骤是: <ol><li>发泄室，按"自动排气阀"。 </li><li>在穹顶打开室门和负载基板。 </li><li>关上门，然后按"自动泵"抽空，大约需要1小时的室内抽空，直到压力低于5×10 -6托。 </li><li>编辑配方。层＃1:铬，厚度:5nm时，沉积速率:1埃/秒;层＃2:金，厚度:50nm，沉积速率:2埃/秒。 </li><li>在达到所需的真空水平，第一金属的沉积过程将自动通过按下"自动运行"启动。 注意:在沉积，高电压模块被接通，电压为10千伏。枪旋转模块被接通时，和夹具旋转20转。第一层完成后，系统会自动移动到第二金属的口袋地点和开始deposi化。 </li><li>整个过程完成后，按"自动排气阀"宣泄室，并采取样品出来。 注意:Au膜的总厚度为50纳米，使用原子力显微镜（AFM）得到的典型的均方根（RMS）为0.7纳米，测定表面粗糙度。 Au膜沉积之前购买的玻璃基板，没有进行特殊处理。 </li></ol> 3. PE层的沉积<ol><li> 试剂的制备 <ol><li>为氯化钠（NaCl）溶液，混合29用500毫升DI水的克NaCl粉末。 </li><li>对于聚苯乙烯磺酸（PSS）解决方案，混合29克氯化钠粉用500毫升去离子水的再加入PSS原液1.5ml的。 </li><li>对于聚（烯丙基胺）盐酸盐（PAH）的解决方案，混合29克氯化钠粉用500毫升去离子水的再加入132毫克PAH的。 </li></ol></li><li> 层-层沉积 注意:PAH而PSS略微带负电荷的稍微带正电。如上述第2节制造的Au膜略微带负电，一个PAH层将首先沉积。步骤下面将详细说明如何存5 PE层:PAH / PSS / PAH / PSS / PAH。 <ol><li>首先，通过5分钟浸渍金膜（上述第2制成）成的PAH溶液（在步骤3.1.3制备）沉积PAH层。这导致了PAH层上的Au膜的顶部的厚度为〜1纳米。 </li><li> 5分钟后，用清洁的去离子水在Au膜+ 1的PAH层。 </li><li>沉浸在Au膜+ 1的PAH层成NaCl溶液（在步骤3.1.1制备）1分钟。 </li><li>沉浸Au膜+ 1层PAH（步骤3.2.3之后）到5分钟PSS的解决方案。这导致具有对PAH层的顶部的厚度为〜1nm的PSS层。 </li><li> 5分钟后，用清洁的去离子水在Au膜+ 1的PAH层+1 PSS层。 </li><li>沉浸在Au FILm + 1个的PAH层+1 PSS层到1分钟的NaCl溶液。 </li><li>沉浸在Au膜+ 1的PAH层+1 PSS层到5分钟的PAH溶液。这导致具有对PSS层的顶部的厚度为〜1nm的另一个PAH层（在步骤3.2.4制备上文）。 </li><li> 5分钟后，冲洗Au膜+1 PAH用干净的去离子水+1 PSS + 1的PAH层。 </li><li>沉浸在Au膜+ 1的PAH + 1的PSS + 1的PAH层到1分钟的NaCl溶液。 </li><li>沉浸在Au膜+ 1的PAH + 1的PSS + 1的PAH层到5分钟的PAH溶液。这导致具有对PAH层（其在步骤3.2.7上面制备的）的顶部的厚度为〜1nm的第二PSS层。 </li><li> 5分钟后，冲洗Au膜+1多环芳烃+1 PSS + 1的PAH + 1的PSS用干净的去离子水层。 </li><li>沉浸Au膜+ 1 PAH + 1 PSS + 1 PAH +1 PSS层到1分钟的NaCl溶液。 </li><li>沉浸在Au膜+ 1的PAH + 1的PSS + 1的PAH +1 PSS层到5分钟的PAH溶液。这一结果S IN与在PSS层（其在步骤3.2.10上面制备的）的顶部的厚度为〜1nm的另一个PAH层。 </li><li>最后，冲洗Au膜+ 1 PAH + 1 PSS + 1 PAH +1 PSS + 1 PAH离子水和清洁使用氮气干燥样品。 注意:五个PE层的总厚度是使用分光椭率计在65°的入射角在空气中测量，70°，和75°，得到的厚度为5.0±0.1纳米。 </li></ol></li></ol> 4.沉积Cy5的染料分子<ol><li>准备用DI水25μMCy5的溶液作为溶剂。 </li><li>暴露样品的表面（其具有一系列五个PE层，如在上述第3节中描述）进行10分钟至100微升25微米的Cy5溶液。首降100投微升Cy5的解决方案（步骤4.1制备）到样品表面，然后放置在滴液顶部盖玻片。 Cy5的分子将整合入T他顶PE层均匀。 </li><li> 10分钟后，漂洗用DI水样品并用干净氮气干燥。 </li></ol> 5.沉积纳米立方体，形成Nanopatch天线（不良资产） <ol><li>通过使用去离子水，使不良资产个体的光学研究中的1/100稀释因素，从第1节中获得的纳米立方体的解决方案。 </li><li>使用微量吸管，以20微升稀释纳米立方体溶液（在步骤5.1中制备）一滴放置到干净的盖玻片。放置在与盖滑移2分钟接触样品（第4制得）。此结果在所述Ag纳米立方体要在顶终端的PAH层上固定的，因为在这里所合成的纳米立方体被带负电荷的和顶部的PAH层带正电。 </li><li> 2分钟后，冲洗用DI水和干燥用干净氮气样品。 注:步骤5.1 - 5.3描述了一个步骤，使用暗场以制备用于单不良资产的光学研究的样本icroscope（暗场散射）。以制备用于反射测量的样品被施加不同的是在步骤5.1类似的程序的原始纳米立方体溶液通过的1/10，而不是1/100倍稀释。 </li></ol> 6.光学测量 注意:定制光学bright- /暗视野显微镜在这些测量中使用。的国家行动计划是由白色光源通过一长工作距离bright- /暗场目标照亮。从不良资产的反射/散射光由同一物镜收集。针孔孔径（直径50微米）用于在图像平面从个体nanoantenna选择信号。的数字照相机用于拍摄彩色图像。的能谱仪，和一个电荷耦合器件（CCD）照相机被用来获取光谱数据。用于荧光测量，633纳米连续波氦氖激光器被用于激发和信号被频谱由长通滤波器滤波。 <ol&gt; <li> 单不良资产暗场散射光谱 <ol><li>在白光照明下，识别在章节5在白光照明下制备的样品单不良资产， 如图4C个别不良资产显示为亮点，红色或粉红色圆点。 </li><li>对准一个NPA使用翻译阶段针孔。确保NPA的暗场散射像针孔孔径后，仍在观察。 </li><li>获得从NPA使用光谱仪和CCD照相机以1秒的积分时间的散射光的光谱。因为光圈区域（50微米）大于NPA的物理尺寸大得多（〜75纳米）的频谱含有散射光从NPA除了从围绕NPA的区域的信号。 </li><li>移动样品的区域，没有任何不良资产，并获得了1秒的积分时间另一个光谱。该光谱表示从散射光背景。 </li><li>与不良资产取下样品，并放置在设置一个认证的反射率标准样品。获得的散射光用0.1秒的积分时间的频谱以正常化从NPA的信号。 </li><li>关闭针孔光圈和获得具有0.1秒的积分时间的频谱没有任何输入信号。该频谱代表CCD暗计数。 </li><li>计算一个NPA的最后散射光谱如下: <img alt="式（1）" src="/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876eq1.jpg" /> 在这里我NPA +背景 ， 我的背景 ， 我的白光 ， 我CCD暗是分步6.1.3，6.1.4，6.1.5分别6.1.6和测得的散射光谱。 </li><li>通过计算散射共振峰的质心提取NPA的等离子体共振。16 </li></ol></li><li> Cy5的分子的荧光增强由单个n功率放大器<ol><li>在白光照明下，从第5节在暗场制备的样品标识单不良资产， 如图4C个别不良资产显示为亮点，红色或粉红色圆点。 </li><li>对准一个NPA使用翻译阶段针孔。确保NPA的暗场散射图像由摄像机放置在针孔之后检测到。 </li><li>关闭白光照明和打开用于激发的633nm的连续波氦氖激光器。 </li><li>为了阻止任何散射的激光入射到光谱仪之前正确放置在光路633纳米长传激光滤波器。 </li><li>获取来自使用1秒的积分时间的Cy5的分子发射的荧光光谱。因为光圈区域（50微米）比NPA（〜75纳米）的物理尺寸大得多该频谱包含从嵌入在NPA为WEL两种分子发射l由于周边NPA分子。 </li><li>移动样品的区域，没有任何不良资产，并获得了1秒的积分时间另一个光谱。这个频谱表示在后台分子的发射，而没有任何不良资产。 </li><li>准备一个单独的样品，其将被用作对照样品，以下内容，其中的Cy5分子结合用PE层在载玻片上的顶部（​​没有Au膜和Ag纳米立方体）在第3和第4的过程。 </li><li>获取来自Cy5的分子在用10秒的积分时间的前一步骤中制备的对照样品发射的荧光光谱。 </li><li>通过使用在步骤6.2.5，6.2.6和6.2.8测量的荧光光谱，同时考虑到由单位面积和采集时间在CCD暗计数，正规化判定12,14的荧光增强因子。 </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Fan, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-Assembled+Plasmonic+Nanoparticle+Clusters.">Self-Assembled Plasmonic Nanoparticle Clusters.</a> Science. 328 (5982), 1135-1138 (2010).</li><li>Zhang, Q., Li, W., Wen, L. -. P., Chen, J., Xia, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facile+Synthesis+of+Ag+Nanocubes+of+30+to+70+in+Edge+Length+with+CF3COOAg+as+a+Precursor.">Facile Synthesis of Ag Nanocubes of 30 to 70 in Edge Length with CF3COOAg as a Precursor.</a> Chem. Eur. J. 16 (33), 10234-10239 (2010).</li><li>Sun, Y., Xia, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shape-Controlled+Synthesis+of+Gold+and+Silver+Nanoparticles.">Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles.</a> Science. 298 (5601), 2176-2179 (2002).</li><li>Xia, Y., Halas, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shape-Controlled+Synthesis+and+Surface+Plasmonic+Properties+of+Metallic+Nanostructures.">Shape-Controlled Synthesis and Surface Plasmonic Properties of Metallic Nanostructures.</a> MRS Bull. 30 (05), 338-348 (2005).</li><li>Ciraci, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Probing+the+Ultimate+Limits+of+Plasmonic+Enhancement.">Probing the Ultimate Limits of Plasmonic Enhancement.</a> Science. 337 (6098), 1072-1074 (2012).</li><li>Chandran, S. P., Chaudhary, M., Pasricha, R., Ahmad, A., Sastry, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+Gold+Nanotriangles+and+Silver+Nanoparticles+Using+Aloevera+Plant+Extract.">Synthesis of Gold Nanotriangles and Silver Nanoparticles Using Aloevera Plant Extract.</a> Biotechnol. Prog. 22 (2), 577-583 (2006).</li><li>Perez-Juste, J., Pastoriza-Santos, I., Liz-Marz&#225;n, L. M., Mulvaney, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gold+nanorods:+Synthesis,+characterization+and+applications.">Gold nanorods: Synthesis, characterization and applications.</a> Coord. Chem. Rev. 249 (17-18), 1870-1901 (2005).</li><li>Nikoobakht, B., El-Sayed, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+Growth+Mechanism+of+Gold+Nanorods+(NRs)+Using+Seed-Mediated+Growth+Method.">Preparation and Growth Mechanism of Gold Nanorods (NRs) Using Seed-Mediated Growth Method.</a> Chem. Mater. 15 (10), 1957-1962 (2003).</li><li>Rycenga, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlling+the+Synthesis+and+Assembly+of+Silver+Nanostructures+for+Plasmonic+Applications.">Controlling the Synthesis and Assembly of Silver Nanostructures for Plasmonic Applications.</a> Chem. Rev. 111 (6), 3669-3712 (2011).</li><li>Cortie, M. B., McDonagh, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+Optical+Properties+of+Hybrid+and+Alloy+Plasmonic+Nanoparticles.">Synthesis and Optical Properties of Hybrid and Alloy Plasmonic Nanoparticles.</a> Chem. Rev. 111 (6), 3713-3735 (2011).</li><li>Halas, N. J., Lal, S., Chang, W. -. S., Link, S., Nordlander, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasmons+in+Strongly+Coupled+Metallic+Nanostructures.">Plasmons in Strongly Coupled Metallic Nanostructures.</a> Chem. Rev. 111 (6), 3913-3961 (2011).</li><li>Rose, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+Radiative+Processes+Using+Tunable+Plasmonic+Nanopatch+Antennas.">Control of Radiative Processes Using Tunable Plasmonic Nanopatch Antennas.</a> Nano Lett. 14 (8), 4797-4802 (2014).</li><li>Akselrod, G. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Probing+the+mechanisms+of+large+Purcell+enhancement+in+plasmonic+nanoantennas.">Probing the mechanisms of large Purcell enhancement in plasmonic nanoantennas.</a> Nature Photon. 8 (11), 835-840 (2014).</li><li>Hoang, T. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrafast+spontaneous+emission+source+using+plasmonic+nanoantennas.">Ultrafast spontaneous emission source using plasmonic nanoantennas.</a> Nat. Commun. 6, (2015).</li><li>Akselrod, G. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Leveraging+Nanocavity+Harmonics+for+Control+of+Optical+Processes+in+2D+Semiconductors.">Leveraging Nanocavity Harmonics for Control of Optical Processes in 2D Semiconductors.</a> Nano Lett. 15 (5), 3578-3584 (2015).</li><li>Mock, J. J., Hill, R. T., Tsai, Y. -. J., Chilkoti, A., Smith, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Probing+Dynamically+Tunable+Localized+Surface+Plasmon+Resonances+of+Film-Coupled+Nanoparticles+by+Evanescent+Wave+Excitation.">Probing Dynamically Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances of Film-Coupled Nanoparticles by Evanescent Wave Excitation.</a> Nano Lett. 12 (4), 1757-1764 (2012).</li><li>Skrabalak, S. E., Au, L., Li, X., Xia, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facile+synthesis+of+Ag+nanocubes+and+Au+nanocages.">Facile synthesis of Ag nanocubes and Au nanocages.</a> Nat. Protocols. 2 (9), 2182-2190 (2007).</li><li>Im, S. H., Lee, Y. T., Wiley, B., Xia, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-Scale+Synthesis+of+Silver+Nanocubes:+The+Role+of+HCl+in+Promoting+Cube+Perfection+and+Monodispersity.">Large-Scale Synthesis of Silver Nanocubes: The Role of HCl in Promoting Cube Perfection and Monodispersity.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 (14), 2154-2157 (2005).</li><li>Moreau, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled-reflectance+surfaces+with+film-coupled+colloidal+nanoantennas.">Controlled-reflectance surfaces with film-coupled colloidal nanoantennas.</a> Nature. 492 (7427), 86-89 (2012).</li><li>Lassiter, J. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasmonic+Waveguide+Modes+of+Film-Coupled+Metallic+Nanocubes.">Plasmonic Waveguide Modes of Film-Coupled Metallic Nanocubes.</a> Nano Lett. 13 (12), 5866-5872 (2013).</li></ol>

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

使用类似于以前报道的合成反应条件的银纳米立方体进行化学合成。2,12,17-20这种合成能够与侧长度从50到100nm纳米立方体的制造。例如，2.5小时的一个典型的加热时间，将导致与〜75毫微米的边长纳米立方体。更长的合成时间（&gt; 3小时）将导致较大的纳米颗粒，但是，这也可能导致不同的形状，例如截纳米立方体或八面体。最终的溶液离心并重新悬浮于去离子水，并且可以在4℃下没有在等离子共振的散射光谱的任何明显的变化被存储在至少一个月的冰箱12中从在上述协议呈现的过程中的Ag纳米立方体的尺寸和形状是与RBF，它的帽和搅拌棒的清洁以及EG溶液的质量非常敏感。 Nanoparti不同形状，如圆形或长形的纳米颗粒克莱斯是一个迹象，表明有可能存在与在合成这些步骤之一的问题。因此，建议的步骤1.1.1-1.1.4和1.2.1-1.2.2是非常重要的。 在图4b从单个nanopatch天线所收集的散射光谱示其中在650nm处表现出强等离子体共振。这种共振指示所述Ag纳米立方体和高质量纳米立方体成为可能Au膜之间的间隙区域的优良模式限制。此外，获得这样的光谱，它也要求在样品是干净的，间隔层（PE层）具有均匀的厚度和底层Au膜是平滑的。强等离子体共振是由在图4c中呈现的数据，其中个别nanopatch天线可在暗视场图像和图4d可观察进一步证实，其中大的荧光增强观察位于间隙区域Cy5的分子。还应当指出的是，银纳米立方体氧化在一段时间，尽管PVP的涂层在暴露于空气中，因此建议的光学测量应在一天制备的样品或在1至3天来进行。为了最大限度地减少氧化，它建议nanopatch天线样本被存储在真空或氮气。 在本文所提出的方法使得银纳米立方体和电浆nanopatch天线与利用胶体合成和层 - 层浸涂工艺控制良好的尺寸制造。与其它技术如光学或电子束光刻相比，同时产生的纳米颗粒的粒径分布窄这里提出的技术提供了低成本和大规模生产的潜力。 本文提出电浆nanopatch天线也保持巨大潜力通过设计新的纳米材料，呈现出可能在他们的同行宏观存在的独特性质。特别是，这些纳米天线显示嵌入式染料分子超过30,000创纪录的高荧光增强; 1000 12自发辐射率增强功能;超快自发发射和高量子产率。13,14此外，已经显示，发射极耦合到这些nanopatch天线表现出高度定向的发射是用于其中需要耦合到外部检测器或单模光纤的应用是至关重要的。纳米级贴片天线的未来应用可能12-14范围从超快光电子器件，如发光二极管，以高效率的光电检测器和光伏器件，传感和量子信息处理技术。

近年来，纳米胶体合成，这些装配到高级的结构无论是在科研和工业发展已经引起了极大的兴趣。1-4纳米胶体合成了光刻制造的纳米结构，包括优越的尺寸均一性，成本低，有几大优势大规模，平行生产的可能性。 金属纳米颗粒如银（Ag）和金（Au）可以支持局部表面等离子体激元和在一个体积比衍射极限小得多，以限制光的能力。1,3-5所得高场强度创建增强型本地国家使光与物质相互作用的密度在纳米尺度上进行调整。最近的努力已经证明程序来合成Ag和Au纳米颗粒在宽范围的尺寸和形状，包括三角形，4,6-笼，3,4-和棒4,7,8除了这里讨论的纳米立方体。的几个Ag或Au nanocomponents由纳米结构也已制造示范定制属性。1,9-11 在这里，我们证明一个过程来合成银纳米立方体，更重要的是，为连接这些的Ag纳米立方体与下面Au膜以形成电浆nanopatch天线。银纳米立方体和Au膜之间的距离可与〜1纳米的分辨率通过使用一系列聚电解质隔离层来控制。我们还证明如何将活性介质中，例如有机染料，成电浆nanopatch天线。由于在纳米立方体和Au膜之间的间隙区域的强烈密闭电磁场，所述nanopatch天线可用于高度增强嵌入染料分子的荧光和自发发射。12,13在本文提出的方法可以推广其他发射器，SUCH作为胶体固态量子点14或二维半导体材料，15和等离子体共振可以在很宽的光谱范围内通过改变纳米立方体或间隙的尺寸进行调整。

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Reagents&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Ethylene glycol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>J.T. Baker</td><td>9300</td><td>Must be anhydrous</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydrosulfide hydrate&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>161527</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly vinylpyrrolidone&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>856568</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochroric acid BDH ARISTAR PLUS</td><td>VWR International</td><td>7647-01-0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver trifluoroacetate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>482307</td><td>Store in dark place</td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>48358</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nitric acid</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>7697-37-2</td><td>concentrated (70%), for cleaning</td></tr><tr><td>Poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>283215</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polystyrene sulfonate&amp;nbsp; (PSS)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>561223</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Macron Inc.</td><td>7647</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sulfo-Cyanine5 carboxylic acid (Cy5)</td><td>Lumiprobe</td><td>13390</td><td>Fluorescent dye (molecular weight: 664.76 g/mol)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Equipments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Stirring hotplate with temperature control</td><td>VWR International</td><td>89000-338</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vortex mixers</td><td>VWR International</td><td>10153-834</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microcentrifuge</td><td>Thermoscientific</td><td>Model 59A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silicone fluid&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>63148-62-9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro-scale</td><td>Mettler Toledo</td><td>Model ML 104/03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electron-beam metal evaporator&amp;nbsp;</td><td>CHA Industries</td><td>E-beam evaporator</td><td>Located inside a clean room</td></tr><tr><td>Pre-cleaned glass slides</td><td>Schott North America, Inc.</td><td>Nexterion Glass B&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Clean room pre-cleaned</td></tr><tr><td>25-ml 24/40 round-bottom flask</td><td>VWR International</td><td>60002-290</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Magnetic stirring bar</td><td>VWR International</td><td>58948-116</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micropipettes (1&amp;ndash;10&amp;nbsp;ml, 10&amp;ndash;100&amp;nbsp;ml and 100&amp;ndash;1,000&amp;nbsp;ml)</td><td>VWR International</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultrasonic cleaning bath</td><td>Branson Ultrasonic</td><td>Model 1510R-DTH</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stopwatch</td><td>VWR International</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eppendorf centrifugation tubes (1.5&amp;nbsp;ml)</td><td>VWR International</td><td>22364111</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly(propylene) coning tubes (50&amp;nbsp;ml)</td><td>VWR International</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Home built bright/darkfield microscope</td><td></td><td></td><td>75 W Xenon white light source, Nikon BF/DF 50X ELWD&lt;br/&gt; 0.55 NA, 8.2 mm WD objective, Nikon D90 digital camera, Acton 2300i spectrometer, Photometrics CoolSnap HQ charge coupled device (CCD) camera</td></tr><tr><td>He Ne laser (633&amp;nbsp;nm), 5&amp;nbsp;mW</td><td>Newport Corp.</td><td>R-30990</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Reflectance standard</td><td>Lab Sphere</td><td>Model SRS-99-010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser long pass filter 633&amp;nbsp;nm</td><td>Semrock</td><td>LP02-633RU-25</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

colloidal synthesis of nanopatch antennas for applications in plasmonics and nanophotonics

我们提出了一种用于银纳米立方体的胶体合成或组合使用这些具有光滑金膜，以制造电浆纳米贴片天线。这包括薄膜具有良好控制的厚度比使用层 - 层聚电解质的聚合物，沉积即聚（烯丙胺）盐酸盐（PAH），聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PSS）宏观区域的制造的详细过程。这些聚电解质隔离层作为在银纳米立方体和金膜之间的介电间隙。通过控制纳米立方体或间隙厚度的尺寸，等离子体共振可从约500纳米被调谐到700纳米。接下来，我们将演示如何将有机磺基cyanine5羧酸（Cy5的）染料分子进入nanopatch天线的电介质聚合物间隙区域。最后，我们表明大大通过用激发能量和叔频谱匹配等离子体共振增强的Cy5染料的荧光他Cy5的吸收峰。这里介绍的方法，使等离子nanopatch天线与利用胶体合成和与低成本和大规模生产的潜力的层 - 层浸涂工艺控制良好的尺寸制造。这些nanopatch天线在实际应用中具有很大的希望，例如在传感，超快光电子器件和高效率的光电探测器。

这里，我们显示的电浆nanopatch天线的特性的代表性结果，其中将样品结构的SEM图像，nanopatch天线的集合的反射光谱并从单一nanopatch天线的散射光谱。所述nanopatch天线的等离子体共振的能量依赖于纳米立方体的大小，电介质间隙区域的厚度， 即 ，聚乙烯层的数目，以及介电材料。在提出的上述我们得到的Ag纳米立方体为75纳米的平均边长和稍微圆角的程序（曲率半径〜10纳米）涂覆在用1-3纳米的估计厚度的PVP层。与5的PE层和金膜，这一结果在〜650nm处具有全宽在半最大值的〜50纳米（FWHM）为中心的等离子共振结合。这又具有与T的吸收和发射波长良好光谱重叠他CY5这是在646和662 nm处为中心，分子。 图3A示出了具有纳米立方体的高浓度的样品的SEM图像。这些纳米立方体沉积在具有5的PE层的Au膜的顶部。这样SEM图像用于验证纳米立方体合成的总体质量;然而，这些样品不用于进一步的光学测量作为纳米立方体的密度过高。此外，由于高密度，一些纳米立方体不撒谎这是必不可少形成电浆nanopatch天线结构的表面上。 图3B示出了使用其中已稀释由1/10倍一个纳米立方体溶液纳米立方体的一个样品的SEM图像制成。该样品被用于在那里测量白光的从nanopatch天线的合奏的反射率来确定测量整体等离子体共振。 图3C示出了使用其中已稀释由的1/100倍一个纳米立方体溶液纳米立方体的一个样品的SEM图像制成。该样品被用于散射个体nanopatch天线的测量。使用稀释纳米立方体溶液使得能够个别nanopatch天线通过使用小的针孔是在图像平面空间上隔离。 图4A示出的反射率光谱，用白色光背景，从类似的样品于图3B中 。 如图4B SEM图像中所示的测得的归一化后示出从类似于在示出的样本的单个nanopatch天线的散射光谱在图3C SEM图像。 图4C示出一个nanopatch天线试样的暗场图像（由一个1/10制备分散在金膜与5的PE层0稀释纳米立方体溶液）由尼康D90的数码相机。观察到明亮的红点是由于个别nanopatch天线白色光的散射。少数斑点观察到具有红色以外的颜色，这是具有不同尺寸或更大的纳米颗粒与非立方形状纳米立方体的结果。 图4D示出了两个荧光光谱，一个来自一个单一的nanopatch天线测量（从样品类似于图3C中所示的一个），并从由载玻片具有相同数量的Cy5的PE层和密度的对照样品的另一染料分子。从耦合到所述nanopatch天线Cy5的分子的荧光强度比载玻片上强得多。这是由于增强的激发速率以及染料分子的修饰辐射图案和增加的量子效率。1<html> 2通过用激发光点尺寸的纳米立方体下，将该区域校正每单位面积的背景荧光和正火后，12，我们得到的〜12000从图4D所示的数据的增强因子。 30000 12可能由于使用一个金代替银膜的以前报道的值，增加非辐射损失相比，该增强因子较小。 <img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig1.jpg" /> 图1.设备安装的银纳米立方体的合成。（A）设备安装显示与温度控制搅拌加热板的顶部加热浴的照片。 （B）特写含有合成过程中纳米立方体的解决方案圆底烧瓶（RBF）中。该设置位于适当通风良好的通风橱内。TPS://www-jove-com.bdigitaluss.remotexs.co/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig1large.jpg"目标="_空白"&gt;点击此处查看该图的放大版本。 <img alt="图2" src="/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig2.jpg" /> 图2.图片纳米立方体的解决方案。（A）转移到小管和后2.5小时的合成和（B）后，纳米立方体的解决方案重新悬浮在去离子水。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.bdigitaluss.remotexs.co/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> <img alt="图3" src="/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig3highres.jpg" width="700" /> 银纳米立方体的 图3 SEM表征。（A）浓缩纳米立方体样品的SEM图像，（B）稀释（1/10）纳米立方体样品，以及（C）稀释（1/100）纳米立方体样品。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.bdigitaluss.remotexs.co/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig3highres.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> <img alt="图4" src="/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig4highres.jpg" width="700" /> 图4. nanopatch天线的光学特征。从nanopatch天线（未稀释的纳米立方体的解决方案）的合奏测量（A）标准化反射光谱。从单nanopatch天线（B）散射光谱（1/100稀释纳米立方体的解决方案）。 （C）在白光照明下拍摄的nanopatch天线样品（1/100稀释纳米立方体的解决方案）的暗场图像。每间明亮的红点对应于一个单独的电浆nanopatch天线。从Cy5的染料分子（D）的荧光嵌入DED的相比，从有Cy5染料（黑色虚线）的相同浓度的载玻片。一个nanopatch天线（红色实线） <a href="https://www-jove-com.bdigitaluss.remotexs.co/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig4highres.jpg" target="_blank">点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics at JoVE.com

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

一银纳米立方体，并与亚10纳米等离子空白纳米贴片天线的制造胶体合成方案提出。

在等离子体激元和纳米光子学应用Nanopatch天线的合成胶体

We present a method for colloidal synthesis of silver nanocubes and the use of these in combination with a smooth gold film, to fabricate plasmonic ...

colloidal-synthesis-nanopatch-antennas-for-applications-plasmonics

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

11.1K 次观看.  Duke University. 一银纳米立方体，并与亚10纳米等离子空白纳米贴片天线的制造胶体合成方案提出。 

视频: Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

的模板导演电浆黄金纳米管的合成与可调谐红外吸收

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

科研

化学

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

This protocol describes a self-assembly technique to create macroscopic monolayer films composed of ligand-coated nanoparticles1,2. The simple, robust and scalable technique efficiently functionalizes metallic nanoparticles with thiol-ligands in a miscible water/organic solvent mixture allowing for rapid grafting of thiol groups onto the gold nanoparticle surface. The hydrophobic ligands on the nanoparticles then quickly phase separate the nanoparticles from the aqueous based suspension and confine them to the air-fluid interface. This drives the ligand-capped nanoparticles to form monolayer domains at the air-fluid interface.&#160; The use of water-miscible organic solvents is important as it enables the transport of the nanoparticles from the interface onto template-free substrates.&#160; The flow is mediated by a surface tension gradient3,4 and creates macroscopic, high-density, monolayer nanoparticle-ligand films.&#160; This self-assembly technique may be generalized to include the use of particles of different compositions, size, and shape and may lead to an efficient assembly method to produce low-cost, macroscopic, high-density, monolayer nanoparticle films for wide-spread applications.

A simple, robust and scalable technique to functionalize and self-assemble macroscopic nanoparticle-ligand monolayer films onto template-free substrates is described in this protocol.

一种技术，功能化和自组装纳米宏观 - 配体单层膜模板上无基材

This protocol describes a self-assembly technique to create macroscopic monolayer films composed of ligand-coated nanoparticles1,2. The simple, robust and ...

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

工程学

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

A method to manipulate the position and orientation of submicron particles nondestructively would be an incredibly useful tool for basic biological research. Perhaps the most widely used physical force to achieve noninvasive manipulation of small particles has been dielectrophoresis(DEP).1 However, DEP on its own lacks the versatility and precision that are desired when manipulating cells since it is traditionally done with stationary electrodes. Optical tweezers, which utilize a three dimensional electromagnetic field gradient to exert forces on small particles, achieve this desired versatility and precision.2 However, a major drawback of this approach is the high radiation intensity required to achieve the necessary force to trap a particle which can damage biological samples.3 A solution that allows trapping and sorting with lower optical intensities are optoelectronic tweezers (OET) but OET's have limitations with fine manipulation of small particles; being DEP-based technology also puts constraint on the property of the solution.4,5
This video article will describe two methods that decrease the intensity of the radiation needed for optical manipulation of living cells and also describe a method for orientation control. The first method is plasmonic tweezers which use a random gold nanoparticle (AuNP) array as a substrate for the sample as shown in Figure 1. The AuNP array converts the incident photons into localized surface plasmons (LSP) which consist of resonant dipole moments that radiate and generate a patterned radiation field with a large gradient in the cell solution. Initial work on surface plasmon enhanced trapping by Righini et al and our own modeling have shown the fields generated by the plasmonic substrate reduce the initial intensity required by enhancing the gradient field that traps the particle.6,7,8 The plasmonic approach allows for fine orientation control of ellipsoidal particles and cells with low optical intensities because of more efficient optical energy conversion into mechanical energy and a dipole-dependent radiation field. These fields are shown in figure 2 and the low trapping intensities are detailed in figures 4 and 5. The main problems with plasmonic tweezers are that the LSP's generate a considerable amount of heat and the trapping is only two dimensional. This heat generates convective flows and thermophoresis which can be powerful enough to expel submicron particles from the trap.9,10 The second approach that we will describe is utilizing periodic dielectric nanostructures to scatter incident light very efficiently into diffraction modes, as shown in figure 6.11 Ideally, one would make this structure out of a dielectric material to avoid the same heating problems experienced with the plasmonic tweezers but in our approach an aluminum-coated diffraction grating is used as a one-dimensional periodic dielectric nanostructure. Although it is not a semiconductor, it did not experience significant heating and effectively trapped small particles with low trapping intensities, as shown in figure 7. Alignment of particles with the grating substrate conceptually validates the proposition that a 2-D photonic crystal could allow precise rotation of non-spherical micron sized particles.10 The efficiencies of these optical traps are increased due to the enhanced fields produced by the nanostructures described in this paper.

Plasmonic tweezers and photonic crystal nanostructures are shown to produce useful enhancements in the efficiency and orientation control of optically trapping micro- and nano-particles.

为增强微型和纳米操纵利用电浆和光子晶体纳米结构

A method to manipulate the position and orientation of submicron particles nondestructively would be an incredibly useful tool for basic biological ...

生物工程

Synthesis of Immunotargeted Magneto-plasmonic Nanoclusters

Magnetic and plasmonic properties combined in a single nanoparticle provide a synergy that is advantageous in a number of biomedical applications including contrast enhancement in novel magnetomotive imaging modalities, simultaneous capture&#160;and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs),&#160;and multimodal molecular imaging combined with photothermal therapy of cancer cells. These applications have stimulated significant interest in development of protocols for synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles with optical absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region and a strong magnetic moment. Here, we present a novel protocol for synthesis of such hybrid nanoparticles that is based on an oil-in-water microemulsion method. The unique feature of the protocol described herein is synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles of various sizes from primary blocks which also have magneto-plasmonic characteristics. This approach yields nanoparticles with a high density of magnetic and plasmonic functionalities which are uniformly distributed throughout the nanoparticle volume. The hybrid nanoparticles can be easily functionalized by attaching antibodies through the Fc moiety leaving the Fab portion that is responsible for antigen binding available for targeting.

Here, we describe a protocol for synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles with a strong magnetic moment and a strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance. The protocol also includes antibody conjugation to the nanoparticles through the Fc moiety for various biomedical applications which require molecular specific targeting.

Immunotargeted的合成磁等离子团簇

Magnetic and plasmonic properties combined in a single nanoparticle provide a synergy that is advantageous in a number of biomedical applications ...

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

We present a template-free method for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; nanoparticles into long chains without side branches. A variety of nanoparticles are encapsulated in polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PSPAA) shells and then used as monomers for their self-assembly. Spherical PSPAA micelles upon acid treatment are known to assemble into cylindrical micelles. Exploiting this tendency, the core-shell nanoparticles are induced to aggregate, coalesce, and then transform into long chains. When more than one type of nanoparticles are used, random and block &#8220;copolymers&#8221; of nanoparticles can be obtained. Detailed procedures are reported for the PSPAA encapsulation of nanoparticles, homo- and co-polymerization of the core-shell nanoparticles, separation and purification of the resulting nanoparticle chains. Transformations of single-line chains into double- and triple-line chains are also presented. The synergy between the polymer shell and the embedded nanoparticles leads to an unusual chain-growth polymerization mode, giving long nanoparticle chains that are distinct from the products of the traditional step-growth aggregation process.

Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

We report protocols for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; various types of polymer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles into long chains of &#8220;homo-&#8220; and &#8220;co-polymers&#8221;.

使用聚苯乙烯<em&gt;块</em&gt; - 聚（丙烯酸）涂层的金属纳米颗粒作为单体他们均聚物和共聚物聚合

We present a template-free method for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; nanoparticles into long chains without side branches. A variety of nanoparticles are ...

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large extinction coefficients which can be tuned across the visible spectrum. Research into the plasmonic enhancement of optical transitions has become popular, due to the possibility of altering and in some cases improving photo-absorption or emission properties of nearby chromophores such as molecular dyes or quantum dots. The electric field of the plasmon can couple with the excitation dipole of a chromophore, perturbing the electronic states involved in the transition and leading to increased absorption and emission rates. These enhancements can also be negated at close distances by energy transfer mechanism, making the spatial arrangement of the two species critical. Ultimately, enhancement of light harvesting efficiency in plasmonic solar cells could lead to thinner and, therefore, lower cost devices. The development of hybrid core/shell particles could offer a solution to this issue. The addition of a dielectric spacer between a gold nanoparticles and a chromophore is the proposed method to control the exciton plasmon coupling strength and thereby balance losses with the plasmonic gains. A detailed procedure for the coating of gold nanoparticles with CdS and ZnS semiconductor shells is presented. The nanoparticles show high uniformity with size control in both the core gold particles and shell species allowing for a more accurate investigation into the plasmonic enhancement of external chromophores.

The synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles coated with semiconductor shells of CdS or ZnS is performed. The semiconductor coating is conducted by first depositing a silver sulfide shell and exchanging the silver cations for zinc or cadmium cations.

合成，表征和混合金/硫化镉和Au / ZnS核/壳纳米颗粒功能化

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances-collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle-in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization-dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-infrared (near-IR) was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

We demonstrate the fabrication of periodic gold nanocup arrays using colloidal lithographic techniques and discuss the importance of nanoplasmonic films.

用胶体光刻制备周期性金 Nanocup 阵列

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot electrons upon SPR irradiation drive reductive deposition of Pd on colloidal AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2-. Plasmon-driven reduction of secondary metals potentiates covalent, sub-wavelength deposition at targeted locations coinciding with electric field &#8220;hot-spots&#8221; of the plasmonic substrate using an external field (e.g., laser). The process described herein details a solution-phase deposition of a catalytically-active noble metal (Pd) from a transition metal halide salt (H2PdCl4) onto aqueously-suspended, anisotropic plasmonic structures (AuNR). The solution-phase process is amenable to making other bimetallic architectures. Transmission UV-vis monitoring of the photochemical reaction, coupled with ex situ XPS and statistical TEM analysis, provide immediate experimental feedback to evaluate properties of the bimetallic structures as they evolve during the photocatalytic reaction. Resonant plasmon irradiation of AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2- creates a thin, covalently-bound Pd0 shell without any significant dampening effect on its plasmonic behavior in this representative experiment/batch. Overall, plasmonic photodeposition offers an alternative route for high-volume, economical synthesis of optoelectronic materials with sub-5 nm features (e.g., heterometallic photocatalysts or optoelectronic interconnects).

A protocol for anisotropic photodeposition of Pd onto aqueously-suspended Au nanorods via localized surface plasmon excitation is presented.

通过表面等离子体激发将 Pd 光沉积到胶体 Au 纳米棒上

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot ...

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) can accelerate and control the selectivity of a variety of molecular transformations. This opens possibilities for the use of visible or near-IR light as a sustainable input to drive and control reactions when plasmonic nanoparticles supporting LSPR excitation in these ranges are employed as catalysts. Unfortunately, this is not the case for several catalytic metals such as palladium (Pd). One strategy to overcome this limitation is to employ bimetallic NPs containing plasmonic and catalytic metals. In this case, the LSPR excitation in the plasmonic metal can contribute to accelerate and control transformations driven by the catalytic component. The method reported herein focuses on the synthesis of bimetallic silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) NPs supported on ZrO2 (Ag-Pd/ZrO2) that acts as a plasmonic-catalytic system. The NPs were prepared by co-impregnation of corresponding metal precursors on the ZrO2 support followed by simultaneous reduction leading to the formation of bimetallic NPs directly on the ZrO2 support. The Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs were then used as plasmonic catalysts for the reduction of nitrobenzene under 425 nm illumination by LED lamps. Using gas chromatography (GC), the conversion and selectivity of the reduction reaction under the dark and light irradiation conditions can be monitored, demonstrating the enhanced catalytic performance and control over selectivity under LSPR excitation after alloying non-plasmonic Pd with plasmonic metal Ag. This technique can be adapted to a wide range of molecular transformations and NPs compositions, making it useful for the characterization of the plasmonic catalytic activity of different types of catalysis in terms of conversion and selectivity.

Presented here is a protocol for the synthesis of silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) supported on ZrO2 (Ag-Pd/ZrO2). This system allows for harvesting energy from visible light irradiation to accelerate and control molecular transformations. This is illustrated by nitrobenzene reduction under light irradiation catalyzed by Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs.

在等离子体激元和纳米光子学应用Nanopatch天线的合成胶体

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节