Name: analyzing the communication between monocytes and primary breast cancer cells in an extracellular matrix extract (ecme)-based three-dimensional system
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analyzing the Communication Between Monocytes and Primary Breast Cancer Cells in an Extracellular Matrix Extract ECME-based Three-dimensional System at JoVE.c

Bu eser CONACyT FONSEC SSA/IMSS/ISSSTE Proje No 233061 Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Pananá için ve Fondo de Apoyo a la Investigación, hastane Infantil de México Federico Gómez (proje numarası HIM-2014-053) tarafından desteklenmiştir. Espinoza-Sánchez NA Programa de Doctorado tr Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México (UNAM) ve alınan bursu 231663 CONACYT gelen doktora öğrencisidir. E-S NA, da Meksika Enstitüsü sosyal güvenlik (IMSS) tarafından sağlanan mali destek kabul.

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Yazarlar onlar herhangi bir çıkar çatışması yok bildirin.

Epitel hücreleri bir 3D kayma uyum içinde büyümek ve ECM proteinler ile onların etkileşim doku homeostazı için çok önemli. Monolayers (2D) yetiştirilen hücrelerde tabanlı birçok kanser çalışmaları ve onlar tümör oluşumu ve ilerleme birçok açıdan anlamak için kritik olmasına rağmen monolayers için hücrelerdeyse, ECM dayatır özellikleri özetlemek değil Örnek: sınırlayıcı yayılması, yapışma bağımlı hücre hayatta kalma, apikal demiri polarite, ECM remodeling, hücre farklılaşma...

Tümör biyolojisi önceden tahmin ettiğimden çok daha karmaşık. Montaj kanıt tümör hücreleri daha fazla sadece bir kontrolsüz Proliferasyona hücrelerinin daha toplu gösterir; Bunun yerine, farklı neoplastik hücreler yüksek organizasyon ve hiyerarşi içinde tümör1görüntüleme farklı işlevleri yerine görünmektedir. Tümör hücreleri dönüştürülmüş olmayan hücreleri ile samimi iletişim de bulunmaktadır: makrofajlar, fibroblastlar, lenfositler, adipositler, endotel hücreleri, diğer hücreler arasında tüm iskele proteinler ve ECM teşkil polisakkaritler daldırılır. Çok sayıda doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileşimleri dönüştürülmüş ve sigara dönüştürülmüş hücreler arasında ve hastalık sonucu2,3üzerinde güçlü bir etkisi giderek artan ECM ile kurulur. BrC belirli olması durumunda, bu TAMs TAMs tümör gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynamaya metastaz ve4 hastalık Rekürrens riski artan bulunmuştur ki göz önünde bulundurarak, BrC hücrelerle iletişim incelemek özellikle önemlidir ,5.
İçi tumoral etkileşimleri ve onların olası sonuçlarını çözümlemek için yeni 3D vitro yaklaşımlar temel alınarak çok daha karmaşık bir microenvironment sağlamak ECM özleri kullanımı geliştirilmiştir tümör biyolojisi, karşılaştırma için gerçeğe daha yakın hangi hücrelerin büyümesine geleneksel monolayer hücre kültürleri için plastik bağlı. Petersen ve Bissell6 nonmalignant ilk modeli sağlanan ve malign meme epitel hücreleri kültürlenir laminin zengini bir membran üzerinde ve nonmalignant insan ayırımcılık 3D organotypic yapılarını açıklamak için ilk idi meme Malign karşılıklarından epitel hücreleri. On yıl sonra model Debnath, Muthuswamy, geliştirilen ve Brugge7,8,9 sağlanan glandüler acini, malign transformasyon sırasında tehlikeye biyolojik yollar aydınlatmak için değerli bir araç gibi büyük acini oluşumu nedeniyle kontrolsüz çoğalması, Engelli hücre polarizasyon kanıtı ve acini Lümen sonucu olarak anoikis, hücre direnç kaybı olarak sıkı kavşak proteinlerin delocalization olarak programlanmış hücre ölümü bir tür içinde oluşur Onlar çevreleyen ECM ayırdığınızda anchorage bağımlı hücreleri. Sameni, Jedeszko ve Sloane modellerinin invasiveness, tümör habis10,11,12başka bir önemli özelliği olan NBD'ye çok görüntüleme proteolitik aktivite hücreler tarafından üzerinde odaklanmıştır. Protein matrisler farklı floresan söndürülür protein yüzeyler ile karışık bu modeller itimat (DQ-jelatin, DQ-kollajen ı ve DQ-kollajen IV), hangi floresan sinyallerini kollajen proteolitik bozulması işaret etmektedir. 3D modelleri Ayrıca kök hücre özellikleri her iki sigara dönüştürdü ve tümör hücreleri, hangi hücreye toplamları, ayrıca olarak adlandırdığı pulcuklarının incelemek için kullanılır, süspansiyon veya ECM gibi proteinler hücre farklılaşması, asimetrik mekanizmaları için sorguya kültürlü olabilir hücre bölünmesi, hücre hücre bağlılık ve hücre hareketliliği13,14. İstila deneyleri sırasında invaziv işlem15chemoattractants hizmet molekülleri tanımlaması ve tümör içsel saldırganlık test izin. Genel olarak, 3D modeller daha yakından normal ve oncogenic doku morfogenez yansıtmak vitro hücre kültürü uygun fiyatlı bir çeşitlendirilmesi temsil eder.
Biz-si olmak ressam anılan modelleri7,10,11, temel 3D cep ortak kültür sistemi her iki insan ticari BrC hücre hatları bilinen agresif potansiyeli (luminal ve triple negatif türleri) ve ilköğretim kullanarak BrC hastalardan explanted hücreleri. Biz ilk geliştirilen bir model saldırgan olmayan (MCF-7) veya agresif (MDA-MB-231) BrC hücreleri U937 monosit bir hücre dışı matriks özü (ECME) ile işbirliği kültürlü neredeydin-tabanlı doğrudan hücre-hücre etkileşimleri izin 3D sistemi. Bu ortak kültürler nasıl etkiledi bu iki hücre soy arasındaki iletişimi genler kanseri saldırgan davranış ile ilgili bir dizi transkripsiyon belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. Bu bir artan üretim ürünlerinden birini, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), iltihap kanser ilerleme rolü vurgulanacak bir bulgu olan çakıştı Siklooksijenaz-2 (COX-2) transkript önemli bir artış gözlenmiştir. MMP, artan transkripsiyon da bu agresif MDA-MB-231 hücre U937 monosit DQ-kollajen IV içeren kültürde ile birlikte kültürlü ne zaman daha fazla kolajen proteolizis ile korelasyon gözlendi. Belirtmek gerekirse eş kültürlerimiz hücre-hücre etkileşim mekanizmaları kollajen yıkımı için gerekli olan varsayım desteklememektedir. Daha doğrusu iki hücre soy arasındaki iletişimi tarafından salgılanan moleküller aracılı önerdi. Ayrıca, bu ortak kültür deneyleri hasat supernatants glandüler acini sigara dönüştürülmüş MCF-10A hücreleri13tarafından kurulan dağınık çözünür faktörler içeriyordu. Agresif bulundu ve salgılanan birincil BrC hücreleri monosit kemotaktik molekülleri MCP-1, GM-CSF ve RANTES düzeyde yüksek. Böylece, bir 3D kültür hücreleri hücre-hücre etkileşimleri önlemek için hücre kültür ekler ayrı kaldık sıraladı. Bu kültürler BrC hücreleri ve monosit arasında dolaylı iletişim adresine kullanılmıştır. Bu deneyleri, saldırgan olmayan ve agresif ticari BrC hücre hatları ve birincil BrC hücreleri ve üç çeşit insan monosit: ticari U937 ve THP-1 hücreleri ve birincil monosit (PMs) sağlıklı bağış (tüm periferik kandan izole monosit etkin olmayan bir durumda kullanılmıştır) kullanılmıştır. İnflamatuar sitokinlerin IL-1β ve Il-8 artan konsantrasyonları ortak kültür zenginleştirilmiş tespit edildi. Benzer şekilde, bu MMP-1, MMP-2 ve MMP-10 de BrC hücreleri-monosit ortak kültürler ve güçlendiren önceki bulgular14böylece arttı bulundu. Bu makale, birincil BrC hücreleri yalıtım ve 3D kültürlerde test noktası noktası iş akışı temsilcisi sonuçları ile birlikte sunulur. Bu eser belirli yönleri ile tümör biyolojisi sorgulamaya vitro 3D hücre sistemleri sağlar büyük potansiyeli iyi bir örnek teşkil eder.

<table><tbody><tr><td>U937</td><td>American Type Culture Collection ATCC&amp;nbsp;</td><td>CRL-1593.2</td><td>Monocytic cell line/histiocytic lymphoma&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>THP-1</td><td>American Type Culture Collection ATCC&amp;nbsp;</td><td>TIB-202</td><td>Monocytic cell line/acute monocytic leukemia&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>MCF-10A</td><td>American Type Culture Collection ATCC&amp;nbsp;</td><td>CRL-10317</td><td>Non-transformed breast cell line</td></tr><tr><td>MCF-7</td><td>American Type Culture Collection ATCC&amp;nbsp;</td><td>HTB-22</td><td>Breast Cancer Cell line</td></tr><tr><td>T47D</td><td>American Type Culture Collection ATCC&amp;nbsp;</td><td>HTB-133</td><td>Breast Cancer Cell line</td></tr><tr><td>HS578T</td><td>American Type Culture Collection ATCC&amp;nbsp;</td><td>HTB-126</td><td>Breast Cancer Cell line</td></tr><tr><td>MDA-MB-231</td><td>American Type Culture Collection ATCC&amp;nbsp;</td><td>HTB-26</td><td>Breast Cancer Cell line</td></tr><tr><td>RPMI 1640 medium</td><td>GIBCO BRL Life Technologies</td><td>11875-093</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM High Glucose&amp;nbsp;</td><td>GIBCO BRL Life Technologies</td><td>11964-092</td><td>4.5 g/L glucose</td></tr><tr><td>DMEM/F12</td><td>GIBCO BRL Life Technologies</td><td>11039-021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Antibiotic/Antimycotic</td><td>GIBCO BRL Life Technologies</td><td>15240-062</td><td>100 U/mL penicillin, 100 &amp;micro;g/mL streptomycin, and 0.25 &amp;micro;g/mL Fungizone</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td>GIBCO BRL Life Technologies</td><td>16000-044</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Horse serum&amp;nbsp;</td><td>GIBCO BRL Life Technologies</td><td>16050114</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.05% Trypsin-EDTA 1X</td><td>GIBCO BRL Life Technologies</td><td>25300-062</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS 1X (Phosphate Buffered Saline</td><td>GIBCO BRL Life Technologies</td><td>20012-027</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>AF-100-15 (1.00mg)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insulin</td><td>SIGMA-ALDRICH</td><td>I1882-100MG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrocortisone</td><td>SIGMA-ALDRICH</td><td>H088-5G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cholera toxin Vibrio cholerae</td><td>SIGMA-ALDRICH</td><td>C8052-1MG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Matrigel&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Corning Inc</td><td>356237</td><td>Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, extracellular matrix extract, Store at -20&amp;deg;C until use at 4&amp;deg;C</td></tr><tr><td>GM-CSF</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>300-03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MCP-1</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>300-04</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RANTES</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>300-06</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IL-8</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>200-08</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IL-1&amp;beta;</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>200-01B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Crystal-violet</td><td>Hycel M&amp;eacute;xico</td><td>541</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paraformaldehyde</td><td>SIGMA-ALDRICH</td><td>P6148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transwell permeable supports (inserts)</td><td>Corning Inc</td><td>3422</td><td>6.5 mm diameter, 8 &amp;micro;m pore size/24-well plates&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Transwell permeable supports (inserts)</td><td>Thermofisher Scientific</td><td>140620</td><td>6.5 mm diameter, 0.4 &amp;micro;m pore size/24-well plates&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Monocyte Isolation Kit II Human&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-091-153</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LS Columns</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-042-401</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Human Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel Kit 96 Well Plate Assay</td><td>EMD Millipore</td><td>HCYTOMAG-60K</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Magpix with xPonent software (laser based fluorescent analytical test instrumentation)</td><td>Luminex Corporation</td><td>40-072</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lab-Tek chamber slide with cover (8 well)</td><td>Nalge Nunc International</td><td>177402</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass bottom microwell 35mm petri&amp;nbsp; dishes</td><td>MatTek Corp.</td><td>P35G-1.5-14-C</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

analyzing the communication between monocytes and primary breast cancer cells in an extracellular matrix extract (ecme)-based three-dimensional system

Hücre dışı Matriks (ECM) gömülü, normal ve neoplastik epitel hücreleri hematopoetik ve sigara hematopoetik hücreler ile böylece büyük ölçüde etkileyen normal doku homeostazı ve hastalık sonucu yakından iletişim kurmak. Meme Kanserinde tümör ilişkili makrofajlar (TAMs) hastalık ilerlemesi, metastaz ve yineleme kritik bir rol oynamaktadır; Bu nedenle, monosit chemoattraction tümör microenvironment ve tümör hücreleri ile onların etkileşim mekanizmaları anlama hastalık kontrol etmek önemlidir. Burada, insan meme kanseri (BrC) hücreleri ve insan monosit üç boyutlu (3D) ortak kültür sistemi ayrıntılı bir açıklamasını sağlar. BrC hücreler üretilen düzenlenmiş etkinleştirme üzerinde Bazal düzeyi yüksek, normal T hücreli ifade ve (RANTES) salgılanan, monosit chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) ve granülosit-makrofaj koloni uyarıcı faktör (G-CSF), monosit ile ortak kültür iken Pro-inflamatuar sitokinlerin İnterlökin (Il) -1 beta (IL-1β) ve Il-8 matriks metalloproteinazların (MMP) -1, MMP-2 ve MMP-10 ile birlikte zenginleştirilmiş. Bu tümör stroma microenvironment direnci anoikis MCF-10A 3D acini benzeri yapıları, monosit chemoattraction ve agresif BrC hücreleri işgali için terfi. Burada sunulan protokollerini Intra-tümör iletişim çalışmaya uygun fiyatlı alternatif sunmak ve tümör biyolojisi tümör için ilgili belirli özellikleri sorgulamaya vitro 3D hücre sistemleri sağlar büyük potansiyel bir örnektir saldırganlık.

Morfolojik analiz 3D kültürlerde BrC hücre:
Düşük ve yüksek yoğunlukları, 3D kültürlerde büyüyen birincil BrC hücre morfolojisi 5 gün içinde incelenmiştir. İlk 48 saat boyunca hücreleri ECME için uygun ve düşük yoğunluklu korumak. Zaman bu noktada, bu açıkça hücreleri uzun bir iğ benzeri şekli, bazı iki veya daha fazla uzun sitoplazmik projeksiyonlar ile ve belirgin hücre-hücre k...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analyzing the Communication Between Monocytes and Primary Breast Cancer Cells in an Extracellular Matrix Extract ECME-based Three-dimensional System at JoVE.c

Analyzing the Communication Between Monocytes and Primary Breast Cancer Cells in an Extracellular Matrix Extract ECME-based Three-dimensional System

Monosit ve bir hücre dışı matriks içinde birincil meme kanseri hücreleri arasındaki iletişimi analiz özü (ECME)-üç boyutlu sistem tabanlı

Burada, doğrudan/dolaylı ilişkileri monosit ve kollajen bozulması, bağışıklık hücre işe alım, hücre gibi sonuçlar ile çalışma olarak birincil meme kanser hücrelerinin de Morfoloji çözümlenecek bir üç boyutlu kültür yöntemi açıklamak işgali ve promosyon inflamasyon kanserle ilgili.

Embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM), normal and neoplastic epithelial cells intimately communicate with hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, ...

analyzing-communication-between-monocytes-primary-breast-cancer-cells

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Analyzing the Communication Between Monocytes and Primary Breast Cancer Cells in an Extracellular Matrix Extract (ECME)-based Three-dimensional System

10.9K Görüntüleme.  Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Burada, doğrudan/dolaylı ilişkileri monosit ve kollajen bozulması, bağışıklık hücre işe alım, hücre gibi sonuçlar ile çalışma olarak birincil meme kanser hücrelerinin de Morfoloji çözümlenecek bir üç boyutlu kültür yöntemi açıklamak işgali ve promosyon inflamasyon kanserle ilgili.

Video: Analyzing the Communication Between Monocytes and Primary Breast Cancer Cells in an Extracellular Matrix Extract ECME-based Three-dimensional System

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-&#946;-induced Invasion

TGF-&beta; has opposing roles in breast cancer progression by acting as a tumor suppressor in the initial phase, but stimulating invasion and metastasis at later stage1,2. Moreover, TGF-&beta; is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer and its expression correlates with poor prognosis and metastasis 3,4. The mechanisms by which TGF-&beta; induces invasion are not well understood.
TGF-&beta; elicits its cellular responses via TGF-&beta; type II (T&beta;RII) and type I (T&beta;RI) receptors. Upon TGF-&beta;-induced heteromeric complex formation, T&beta;RII phosphorylates the T&beta;RI. The activated T&beta;RI initiates its intracellular canonical signaling pathway by phosphorylating receptor Smads (R-Smads), i.e. Smad2 and Smad3. These activated R-Smads form heteromeric complexes with Smad4, which accumulate in the nucleus and regulate the transcription of target genes5. In addition to the previously described Smad pathway, receptor activation results in activation of several other non-Smad signaling pathways, for example Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways6.
To study the role of TGF-&beta; in different stages of breast cancer, we made use of the MCF10A cell system. This system consists of spontaneously immortalized MCF10A1 (M1) breast epithelial cells7, the H-RAS transformed M1-derivative MCF10AneoT (M2), which produces premalignant lesions in mice8, and the M2-derivative MCF10CA1a (M4), which was established from M2 xenografts and forms high grade carcinomas with the ability to metastasize to the lung9. This MCF10A series offers the possibility to study the responses of cells with different grades of malignancy that are not biased by a different genetic background.
For the analysis of TGF-&beta;-induced invasion, we generated homotypic MCF10A spheroid cell cultures embedded in a 3D collagen matrix in vitro (Fig 1). Such models closely resemble human tumors in vivo by establishing a gradient of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in active and invasive cells on the outside and quiescent or even necrotic cells in the inside of the spheroid10. Spheroid based assays have also been shown to better recapitulate drug resistance than monolayer cultures11. This MCF10 3D model system allowed us to investigate the impact of TGF-&beta; signaling on the invasive properties of breast cells in different stages of malignancy.

An assay to quantitatively measure Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-&#x03B2;-induced invasion in 3-dimensional collagen gels is described. This assay takes advantage of the MCF10A series of cell lines, which represent different stages of breast cancer development. This method can be adopted to be used with other cell lines and might be used to investigate other potential activators or inhibitors of invasion.

TGF-β-kaynaklı Invasion Tedbir Sfero Testi

TGF-&beta; has opposing roles in breast cancer progression by acting as a tumor suppressor in the initial phase, but stimulating invasion and metastasis ...

Tıp

Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System

Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of death for women. Despite more than $700 million invested in BC research annually, 97% of candidate BC drugs fail clinical trials. Therefore, new models are needed to improve our understanding of the disease. The NIH Microphysiological Systems (MPS) program was developed to improve the clinical translation of basic science discoveries and promising new therapeutic strategies. Here we present a method for generating MPS for breast cancers (BC-MPS). This model adapts a previously described approach of culturing primary human white adipose tissue (WAT) by sandwiching WAT between adipose-derived stem cell sheets (ASC)s. Novel aspects of our BC-MPS include seeding BC cells into non-diseased human breast tissue (HBT) containing native extracellular matrix, mature adipocytes, resident fibroblasts, and immune cells; and sandwiching the BC-HBT admixture between HBT-derived ASC sheets. The resulting BC-MPS is stable in culture ex vivo for at least 14 days. This model system contains multiple elements of the microenvironment that influence BC including adipocytes, stromal cells, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix. Thus BC-MPS can be used to study the interactions between BC and its microenvironment. 
We demonstrate the advantages of our BC-MPS by studying two BC behaviors known to influence cancer progression and metastasis: 1) BC motility and 2) BC-HBT metabolic crosstalk. While BC motility has previously been demonstrated using intravital imaging, BC-MPS allows for high-resolution time-lapse imaging using fluorescence microscopy over several days. Furthermore, while metabolic crosstalk was previously demonstrated using BC cells and murine pre-adipocytes differentiated into immature adipocytes, our BC-MPS model is the first system to demonstrate this crosstalk between primary human mammary adipocytes and BC cells in vitro.

This protocol describes the construction of an in vitro microphysiological system for studying breast cancer using primary human breast tissue with off the shelf materials.

Mikrofizyolojik Sistem Kullanarak İnsan Meme Dokusunda Meme Kanseri Modellemesi

Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of death for women. Despite more than $700 million invested in BC research annually, 97% of candidate BC drugs ...

Kanser Araştırmaları

A Three-dimensional Tissue Culture Model to Study Primary Human Bone Marrow and its Malignancies

Tissue culture has been an invaluable tool to study many aspects of cell function, from normal development to disease. Conventional cell culture methods rely on the ability of cells either to attach to a solid substratum of a tissue culture dish or to grow in suspension in liquid medium. Multiple immortal cell lines have been created and grown using such approaches, however, these methods frequently fail when primary cells need to be grown ex vivo. Such failure has been attributed to the absence of the appropriate extracellular matrix components of the tissue microenvironment from the standard systems where tissue culture plastic is used as a surface for cell growth. Extracellular matrix is an integral component of the tissue microenvironment and its presence is crucial for the maintenance of physiological functions such as cell polarization, survival, and proliferation. Here we present a 3-dimensional tissue culture method where primary bone marrow cells are grown in extracellular matrix formulated to recapitulate the microenvironment of the human bone (rBM system). Embedded in the extracellular matrix, cells are supplied with nutrients through the medium supplemented with human plasma, thus providing a comprehensive system where cell survival and proliferation can be sustained for up to 30 days while maintaining the cellular composition of the primary tissue. Using the rBM system we have successfully grown primary bone marrow cells from normal donors and patients with amyloidosis, and various hematological malignancies. The rBM system allows for direct, in-matrix real time visualization of the cell behavior and evaluation of preclinical efficacy of novel therapeutics. Moreover, cells can be isolated from the rBM and subsequently used for in vivo transplantation, cell sorting, flow cytometry, and nucleic acid and protein analysis. Taken together, the rBM method provides a reliable system for the growth of primary bone marrow cells under physiological conditions.

In standard culture methods cells are taken out of their physiological environment and grown on the plastic surface of a dish. To study the behavior of primary human bone marrow cells we created a 3-D culture system where cells are grown under conditions recapitulating the native microenvironment of the tissue.

İlköğretim İnsan Kemik İliği ve Maligniteleri Eğitim Bir Üç boyutlu Doku Kültürü Modeli

Tissue culture has been an invaluable tool to study many aspects of cell function, from normal development to disease. Conventional cell culture methods ...

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional (3D) Model

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of cell behavior in culture and homeostasis in vivo. The current approach of culturing cells on two-dimensional (2D), plastic surfaces results in the disturbance and loss of complex interactions between cells and their microenvironment. Through the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture assays, the conditions for cell-microenvironment interaction are established resembling the in vivo microenvironment. This article provides a detailed methodology to grow breast cancer cells in a 3D basement membrane protein matrix, exemplifying the potential of 3D culture in the assessment of cell invasion into the surrounding environment. In addition, we discuss how these 3D assays have the potential to examine the loss of signaling molecules that regulate epithelial morphology by immunostaining procedures. These studies aid to identify important mechanistic details into the processes regulating invasion, required for the spread of breast cancer.

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional 3D Model

This article provides detailed methodologies for the use of three-dimensional (3D) assays to quantify breast cancer cell invasion. Specifically, we discuss the procedures required to set up such assays, quantification, and data analysis, as well as methods to examine the loss of membrane integrity that occurs when cells invade.

Üç boyutlu (3D) Modeli Kullanılarak Meme Kanseri Hücre invazivliğinin Kantitasyonu

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the ...

Preparation and Analysis of In Vitro Three Dimensional Breast Carcinoma Surrogates

Three dimensional (3D) culture is a more physiologically relevant method to model cell behavior in vitro than two dimensional culture. Carcinomas, including breast carcinomas, are complex 3D tissues composed of cancer epithelial cells and stromal components, including fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM). Yet most in vitro models of breast carcinoma consist only of cancer epithelial cells, omitting the stroma and, therefore, the 3D architecture of a tumor in vivo. Appropriate 3D modeling of carcinoma is important for accurate understanding of tumor biology, behavior, and response to therapy. However, the duration of culture and volume of 3D models is limited by the availability of oxygen and nutrients within the culture. Herein, we demonstrate a method in which breast carcinoma epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts are incorporated into ECM to generate a 3D breast cancer surrogate that includes stroma and can be cultured as a solid 3D structure or by using a perfusion bioreactor system to deliver oxygen and nutrients. Following setup and an initial growth period, surrogates can be used for preclinical drug testing. Alternatively, the cellular and matrix components of the surrogate can be modified to address a variety of biological questions. After culture, surrogates are fixed and processed to paraffin, in a manner similar to the handling of clinical breast carcinoma specimens, for evaluation of parameters of interest. The evaluation of one such parameter, the density of cells present, is explained, where ImageJ and CellProfiler image analysis software systems are applied to photomicrographs of histologic sections of surrogates to quantify the number of nucleated cells per area. This can be used as an indicator of the change in cell number over time or the change in cell number resulting from varying growth conditions and treatments.

Preparation and Analysis of In Vitro Three Dimensional Breast Carcinoma Surrogates

We demonstrate a method to generate 3D breast cancer surrogates, which can be cultured using a perfusion bioreactor system to deliver oxygen and nutrients. Following growth, surrogates are fixed and processed to paraffin for evaluation of parameters of interest. The evaluation of one such parameter, cell density, is explained.

Hazırlama ve Analizler<em&gt; İn Vitro</em&gt; Üç Boyutlu Meme Kanseri Suretler

Three dimensional (3D) culture is a more physiologically relevant method to model cell behavior in vitro than two dimensional culture. Carcinomas, ...

Biyomühendislik

Methods for Culturing Human Femur Tissue Explants to Study Breast Cancer Cell Colonization of the Metastatic Niche

Bone is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis. Although it is widely accepted that the microenvironment influences cancer cell behavior, little is known about breast cancer cell properties and behaviors within the native microenvironment of human bone tissue.We have developed approaches to track, quantify and modulate human breast cancer cells within the microenvironment of cultured human bone tissue fragments isolated from discarded femoral heads following total hip replacement surgeries. Using breast cancer cells engineered for luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression, we are able to reproducibly quantitate migration and proliferation patterns using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), track cell interactions within the bone fragments using fluorescence microscopy, and evaluate breast cells after colonization with flow cytometry. The key advantages of this model include: 1) a native, architecturally intact tissue microenvironment that includes relevant human cell types, and 2) direct access to the microenvironment, which facilitates rapid quantitative and qualitative monitoring and perturbation of breast and bone cell properties, behaviors and interactions. A primary limitation, at present, is the finite viability of the tissue fragments, which confines the window of study to short-term culture. Applications of the model system include studying the basic biology of&#160;breast cancer and other bone-seeking malignancies within the metastatic niche, and developing therapeutic strategies to effectively target breast cancer cells in bone tissues.

Protocols are described for studying breast cancer cell migration, proliferation and colonization in a human bone tissue explant model system.

Kültürleme İnsan Femur Doku Eksplantlarından yöntemleri Metastatik Niche Meme Kanseri Hücre Kolonizasyon Eğitim için

Bone is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis. Although it is widely accepted that the microenvironment influences cancer cell behavior, little ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Makrofaj-Tümör Sferoid Etkileşimlerinin 3 Boyutlu Kollajen Matriks Kurulumunda İncelenmesi

A Macrophage-Tumor Spheroid Co-Invasion Assay

The interaction of immune and cancer cells and their respective impact on metastasis represents an important aspect of cancer research. So far, only a few protocols are available that allow an in vitro approximation of the in vivo situation. Here, we present a novel approach to observing the impact of human macrophages on the invasiveness of cancer cells, using tumor spheroids of H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen I matrix. With this co-cultivation setup, we tested the impact of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based depletion of regulatory factors in macrophages on the 3D invasion of cancer cells from the tumor spheroid compared to controls. This method allows the determination of different parameters, such as spheroid area or the number of invading cancer cells, and thus, to detect differences in cancer cell invasion. In this article, we present the respective setup, discuss the subsequent analysis, as well as the advantages and potential pitfalls of this method.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Bir Makrofaj-Tümör Sferoid Ko-İnvazyon Testi

Here, we present a protocol to investigate the interaction of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages with a tumor spheroid in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen I matrix, with the possibility to compare the impact of soluble and physical properties of the microenvironment on cell invasion.

Bir Makrofaj-Tümör Sferoid Ko-İnvazyon Testi

The interaction of immune and cancer cells and their respective impact on metastasis represents an important aspect of cancer research. So far, only a few ...

Heteromulticellular Stromal Cells in Scaffold-free 3D Cultures of Epithelial Cancer Cells to Drive Invasion

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the U.S. Organoid models of solid tumors have been shown to faithfully recapitulate aspects of cancer progression such as proliferation and invasion. Although patient-derived organoids and patient-derived xenograft organoids are pathophysiologically relevant, they are costly to propagate, difficult to manipulate, and comprised primarily of the most proliferative cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME). These limitations prevent their use for elucidating cellular mechanisms of disease progression that depend upon tumor-associated stromal cells which are found within the TME and known to contribute to metastasis and therapy resistance. 
Here, we report on methods for cultivating epithelial-stromal multicellular 3D cultures. The advantages of these methods include a cost-effective system for rapidly generating organoid-like 3D cultures within scaffold-free environments that can be used to track invasion at single-cell resolution within hydrogel scaffolds. Specifically, we demonstrate how to generate these heteromulticellular 3D cultures using BT-474 breast cancer cells in combination with fibroblasts (BJ-5ta), monocyte-like cells (THP-1), and/or endothelial cells (EA.hy926). Additionally, differential fluorescent labeling of cell populations enables time-lapse microscopy to define 3D culture assembly and invasion dynamics. 
Notably, the addition of any two stromal cell combinations to 3D cultures of BT-474 cells significantly reduces circularity of the 3D cultures, consistent with the presence of organoid-like or secondary spheroid structures. In tracker dye experiments, fibroblasts and endothelial cells co-localize in the peripheral organoid-like protrusions and are spatially segregated from the primary BT-474 spheroid. Finally, heteromulticellular 3D cultures of BT-474 cells have increased hydrogel invasion capacity. Since we observed these protrusive structures in heteromulticellular 3D cultures of both non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic breast epithelial cells, this work provides an efficient and reproducible method for generating organoid-like 3D cultures in a scaffold-free environment for subsequent analyses of phenotypes associated with solid tumor progression.

There is a critical need for 3D cancer models that capture heterocellular crosstalk to study cancer metastasis. Our study presents the generation of heteromulticellular stromal-epithelial in a scaffold and scaffold-free environment that can be used to study invasion and cellular spatial distributions.

İstilayı Yönlendirmek İçin Epitelyal Kanser Hücrelerinin İskelesiz 3D Kültürlerinde Heteromultihücreli Stromal Hücreler

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the U.S. Organoid models of solid tumors have been shown to faithfully ...

Monosit ve bir hücre dışı matriks içinde birincil meme kanseri hücreleri arasındaki iletişimi analiz özü (ECME)-üç boyutlu sistem tabanlı

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İstilayı Yönlendirmek İçin Epitelyal Kanser Hücrelerinin İskelesiz 3D Kültürlerinde Heteromultihücreli Stromal Hücreler