Name: a within-subjects experimental protocol to assess the effects of social input on infant eeg
Uploaded: 2017-05-03T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 20 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG at JoVE.com

Biz veri toplama konusundaki yardımlarından dolayı Ryan Johnson ve Leah Miller teşekkür ederim.

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Yazarlar rapor açıklama yok yok.

Birincisi, net uygulama doğru olduğunu ve empedansları indirimine gidildiği kritiktir. İkincisi, EEG, net uygulama ve paradigma gerektirecektir neyi ebeveyn onlar konuşarak veya arası sınırları zorlayan olur bebek, göz teması yapmadan telaşlı olursam bebeği sakinleştirmek nasıl yardımcı olabileceğini ebeveyne açıklamak için önemlidir sosyal ve sosyal olmayan koşullar. Ayrıca, EEG verileri etkileyebilir ve net zarar verebilir net, çekerek bebekleri korumak için anne talimat. Üçüncü olarak,...

Sosyal etkileşimler bebek nöral gelişim 1, 2 için çok önemlidir. Son araştırmalar sosyal beyinde 3, 4 gelişimine ağırlık vermeye başlamış olsa da, sosyal angajman katılan nöral süreçleri iyi anlaşılamamıştır. bildirilen yöntemin amacı bebek elektroensefalografi (EEG) güç, nöronal iletişimden salınan gerilimin bir ölçüsü, kontrollü sosyal ve nonsocial bağlamlarda göre nasıl farklılaştığını değerlendirmektir. Bu yöntem diferansiyel olarak nöral aktivasyon ile nasıl belirli sosyal girdinin yönleri değerlendirilmesi için izin verir ve fonksiyonel nöral aktivasyon değerlendirirken kayıt bağlamında rolünü dikkate almak gelecekteki çalışmalar için etkileri bulunmaktadır. EEG bu bebek hareketine invazif olmayan ve sağlam olduğu için, bebek beyin aktivitesini ölçmek için bir çok uygun bir yöntemdir. elektrot oluşan bir kapak pnöronal iletişim sırasında serbest serebral korteks elektriksel aktivite kaydetmek için bebek kafasına görüşlü. EEG güç belirli bir süre boyunca, her elektrot bölgesinde gerilimin bir ölçüsüdür. EEG sinir aktivitesinin bir fonksiyonel ölçüsüdür ve bu nedenle kısmen EEG kaydedildiği altında hemen koşullarını yansıtmaktadır. Nedeniyle, nitelikleri, EEG güçlü bir mesafede olan denekler tasarım kullanılarak bağlamlarında ve böylece göstergesi bağlama özgü aktivasyon için karşılaştırılabilir bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu nedenle, EEG sinir özellikle sosyal etkileşim öğeleri ve bağlama spesifik aktivasyonunun daha genel olarak, her iki değerlendirmek için de kullanılabilir. bebek EEG genellikle sadece bir şartla sırasında kaydedildiği Ancak bu potansiyel tam olarak gerçekleşmemiştir. Birçok çalışmada her zaman açıkça sosyal ve nonsocial girişi arasında ayrım yapmaz bir &quot;dinlenme durumunda&quot; veya başlangıca sırasında bebek EEG gücünü kaydettik. Bazı durumlarda, EEG bebek olarak kaydedilirs, bir deneyci bir tombala tekerleği 5, 6, 7 dönmeye izlemek bir deneyci darbe izlemek 8 kabarcıklar veya deneyci bir çıngırak 9, 10 sallamak izle. Ancak, bebekler deneyci veya nesne birine katılabilir ve bebek özellikleri onların dikkatinizi nasıl etkileyebilir. Böylece onlar deneyci için katılıyor, bazı bebekler için bazal sosyal olabilir ve onlar nesneye öncelikle katılmak eğer diğer bebekler için taban nonsocial olabilir. EEG kaydı bağlamını yansıtırken, araştırmacılar nedeniyle bebeklerin kayıt anında katılıyor ne farklılıklardan olarak stabil veya basitçe olabilir gelişimsel olarak anlamlı yorumlayabilir bazal EEG bireysel farklılıkları gözlenmektedir. Bir nesneyi tutarken bebeklerin bir kadın şarkı izlerken Nitekim, bir çalışmada EEG kaydedildi <supclass = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 11. Bebek EEG güç bebek kadın veya nesneye dikkat olmamasına bağlı olarak değişmiştir. Bu, sosyal etkileşim sinir bazları belirlemek için bebek EEG enerji işlevsel niteliği ve EEG kayıt sırasında kontrollü koşullar kullanılarak metodolojik önemini de göstermektedir. Sosyal etkileşim karmaşık ve çok-yönlüdür. EEG naturalistik etkileşim sırasında kaydedildi nedenle, (örneğin işitme dili, yüz yüze ya da ortak dikkat çekici etkileşen) etkileşimin farklı yönlerini nöral işlenmesini ayrı kızdırmak için zor olabilir. Bu sorunu gidermek için bir strateji her sosyal etkileşim belli bir bölümünü içeren farklı koşullar da dahil olmak üzere içerir. Bu nedenle, bu paradigma EEG güç sosyal giriş spesifik tipine göre değişir kadar sistematik olarak karşılaştırmak için tasarlanmıştır. paradigma rec kapsar rapor içinde-konularording bebek EEG 4 koşullarında. Bu kayıt, bağlama bağlı olarak değişir nasıl - - ve sosyal girişler belirli türde rollerini değerlendirmek için koşullar bebek EEG gücünde fonksiyonel yapısını incelemek için her iki tasarlanmıştır. bebek iki bilgisayar ekranlarında nesneleri gördüğüm yerde Birincisi, bir nonsocial koşul dahil edildi. bilgisayar ekranlarında nesneleri sunan yerine bir deneyci bir nesne manipüle sahip olarak, bu durum açıkça nonsocial ve sosyal girdinin hiçbir formunu içerir. deneyci Resimlere bebeğin dikkatini yönettiği ve resimler hakkında konuştuk nerede Sonra, bir ortak dikkat koşulu dahil edildi. Yüz yüze etkileşim, dil giriş ve eklem ilgi eklenen bileşen: ortak dikkat koşulu dolayısıyla sosyal girişi üç tür içerir. Bu nedenle, nonsocial ve ortak dikkat koşulları üç boyutta (yüz yüze etkileşimi, dil giriş ve ortak dikkat varlığı) ile farklılık gösterir. Böylece herhangi bir farknonsocial ve eklem dikkat koşulları arasında EEG gücünde Erences bu üç sosyal girdilerin herhangi atfedilebilecek olabilir. Bu nedenle, ilave 2 koşullar sosyal giriş yönü nonsocial ve ortak dikkat koşulları arasında nöral aktivitede herhangi bir gözlenen farklılıklar açıklanmaktadır olan ayrı alay alındı. dilin etkisini değerlendirmek için, bir dil-tek koşulu bebek bilgisayarlarda resimler üzerinde deneyci yorumunu duyuyordu ama deneyci göremiyordu nereye dahil edildi. EEG güç eklem dikkat ve nonsocial durumuna göre dil-tek koşullarında benzerdi Dolayısıyla, eğer bu etki diline isnat edilebilir. Son olarak, deneyi yüz yüze bebek ile ve olumsal bebek ile meşgul burada, sosyal bir etkileşim durumu dahil yüz yüze etkileşim etkisini değerlendirmek için. EEG güç n kıyasla ortak ilgi ve sosyal nişan koşullarında benzer olsaydıonsocial durum, eklem dikkat ve nonsocial koşulları arasındaki farkı etkileşim-yüz yüze bağlanabilir. eklem dikkat ve nonsocial koşullar arasındaki fark dili okunur ve sosyal etkileşim koşullarından anlatmadık, bu ortak dikkat varlığı özellikle EEG güç farklılıklarını açıklayan olduğunu öneririm. Bu ortak ilgi için kapasite de 12 kurulan bir yaş olduğu gibi bu paradigma, 12 aylık bebeklerde ile pilot edildi. Buna ek olarak, bu süre içinde ortak dikkat hayatı 13, 14 2. yılında dil gelişimi için özellikle önemlidir, bu nedenle bu bağlamda nöral aktivasyon bu yaşta özel ilgi oldu. paradigma da koşulların standardize edilir sağlarken bebeklerin ilgisini korumak üzere tasarlanmış ve soc tipleridir okunurial girişi. Dört koşulların her biri mevcut olan (ortak dikkat ve sosyal etkileşim koşulları) veya yok (nonsocial ve dil-de koşulları) olmak deneyi arasında alternatif sekiz bloktan toplam, bir kez tekrarlanır. tutarlılığı korumak amacıyla, nesnelerin fotoğraflarını tüm koşullarda sunulmaktadır ve aynı sözleri bloklar arasında kullanılır. Her blok içinde, nonsocial nesnelerin 10 fotoğraf bilgisayar ekranlarında sekans görünür. Nesneleri (örneğin, çiçek, eldiven) 10 kategorileri ve her bir nesnenin dört renk vardır. Bu nedenle, aynı nesne 10 kategori bloklar arasında değişen nesneleri bir renk ile her blokta sunulmaktadır. uyaranlar bebekler için ilginç seçildi. Her nesne ekranda göründüğü gibi ortak dikkat ve dil-tek koşullar sırasında, deneyci bir metne ifadeyi yapar. eklemde sol veya sağ bilgisayar ekranında işaret edecek belirtilen talimatlar ile 10 belirli sözleri (vardırDikkat şart). Sözler ortak dikkat ve dil-tek koşullar için aynıdır ancak değişken bir sipariş bebek ilgisini korumak için ve özellikle deyişler ile nesnenin belirli kategoriler ilişkilendirerek önlemek için de söylenir. İfadelerin sırası ilk ortak ilgi blok ve ilk dil-tek blok için aynıdır. Sipariş sonra ikinci ortak ilgi ve dil-tek bloklar için değiştirir. Son olarak, işaret yönü her ortak dikkat bloğu için değişir ve sözde randomize bebekler yönünü tahmin edemez öyle mi.

<table><tbody><tr><td>EEG Amplifier</td><td>EGI</td><td>N/A</td><td>We used a net amps 300 system. Contact EGI for more information or to purchase. https://www.egi.com/</td></tr><tr><td>EEG Sensor Nets</td><td>EGI</td><td>N/A</td><td>We used HDGSN 130 nets with 128 channels in pediatric sizes. Contact EGI for more information or to purchase. https://www.egi.com/clinical-division/geodesic-sensor-nets</td></tr><tr><td>EEG Recording Software</td><td>Netstation</td><td>N/A</td><td>Contact EGI for more information or to purchase. https://www.egi.com/clinical-division/net-station</td></tr><tr><td>EEG Recording Computer</td><td>Apple</td><td>N/A</td><td>An apple computer is required to run the Netstation software. The operating system just has to match the version of Netstation used.</td></tr><tr><td>Stimulus Presentation Computer</td><td>Dell</td><td>N/A</td><td>E-Prime 2.0 is compatible with PCs running Microsoft Windows&lt;br/&gt; XP SP3, Vista SP1, 7 SP1, 8/8.1 and 10</td></tr><tr><td>Stimulus Presentation Software - E-Prime 2.0 Professional Edition</td><td>Psychology Software Tools, Inc.</td><td>http://www.psychology-software-tools.mybigcommerce.com/e-prime-2-0-professional/</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stimulus Presentation Monitors</td><td>Dell</td><td>N/A</td><td>LCD monitors are appropriate.</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium Chloride</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/p9541?lang=en&amp;amp;region=US</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipettes</td><td>Karter Scientific Labware Manufacturing Co.</td><td>http://www.kartersci.com/7ml_&lt;br /&gt;Volume_3ml_Graduated_&lt;br /&gt;Transfer_Pipette_Karter_&lt;br /&gt;p/206h2.htm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disinfectant-Control 3 Disinfectent Germicide</td><td>Maril Products Inc</td><td>https://www.amazon.com/Control-Disinfectant-Germicide-Cntrl3-Concntr/dp/B007AZ37VC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EEG Processing Software</td><td>MATLAB</td><td>https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Data Analysis Software</td><td>SPSS</td><td>https://www.ibm.com/marketplace/cloud/statistical-analysis-and-reporting/purchase/us/en-us#product-header-top</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Coding Software - The Observer XT</td><td>Noldus</td><td>http://www.noldus.com/</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;General Note:&lt;/strong&gt; This equipment list includes what was used in the presented study, however other systems and products with the same capabilities are also appropriate.</td></tr></tbody></table>

a within-subjects experimental protocol to assess the effects of social input on infant eeg

bebekler sosyal etkileşim sırasında bebek beyin gelişimi için sosyal etkileşimlerin önemine rağmen, çok az araştırma fonksiyonel nöral aktivasyon değerlendirdi. EEG (EEG) güç bebek işlevsel sinir aktivasyonunu değerlendirmek için avantajlı bir tekniktir. Ancak, birçok çalışmalar rekor bebek EEG tek tedavi durumu sırasında. Bu protokol kapsamlı sosyal girdilerin farklı türleri farklı şekilde bebek EEG ile nasıl birbirinden bebek EEG hem sosyal ve nonsocial bağlamlarda aktiviteyi hem de alay değerlendirmek için tasarlanmış bir paradigma açıklanır. içi konular paradigma dört kontrol koşulları içermektedir. nonsocial durumda, bebeklerin bilgisayar ekranlarında nesneleri görüntülemek. ortak dikkat koşulu resimlere bebeğin dikkatini yönlendiren bir deneyci içerir. dil, yüz yüze etkileşim ve ortak dikkat varlığı: ortak dikkat koşulu sosyal girişinin üç türlerini içerir. farklılıklarnonsocial ve ortak dikkat koşulları arasında bebek EEG giriş bu üç tip herhangi birine bağlı olabilir. Bu nedenle, iki koşullar (deneyci bir ekran gizli iken dil girişi ile bir ve yüz yüze etkileşimi ile) bebek sinir aktivasyonu desen sürüş bağlamsal faktörleri değerlendirmek için alındı. Örnek sonuçlar bebek EEG enerji fonksiyonel yapısını destekleyen, beyin bölgesine göre hem de genel olarak ve diferansiyel olarak, duruma göre değiştirilebilir yani bebek EEG gücünü göstermektedir. Bu teknik açıkça sosyal ya da nonsocial olan koşulları içermesi avantajlıdır ve sosyal girişin belirli türden EEG güç ile nasıl incelenmesi için izin verir. Bu paradigma, sosyoekonomik statü, yaş ne kadar bireysel farklılıkları değerlendirmek etkilemek için kullanılabilir ve ebeveyn-çocuk etkileşimi kaliteli sosyal beynin gelişimi ile ilgilidir. bebek EEG güç göstermiştir fonksiyonel doğasına bağlı olarak, gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalar should açıkça sosyal ya da nonsocial olan EEG kayıt bağlam ve tasarım koşulları rolünü düşünün.

Bebek Looking Davranış Temsilci sonuçlar 73 x 12 aylık bebeklerde 12 gelmektedir. Koşullar bebeklerin görünümlü davranışını 16 değiştirmede etkili olmuştur. amaçlandığı gibi sosyal nişan durumda, bebekler, deneyci bakarak zaman çoğunluğu geçirdi (ortalama olarak, sosyal nişan koşulu sırasında zamanın 60,06%). Bundan başka, her bebek deneyci zaman% 50&#...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG at JoVE.com

A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG

Bu yeni protokol bebeklerde sosyal etkileşim sinirsel temellerini değerlendirmek için tasarlanmıştır. paradigma dil, ortak dikkat ve yüz yüze etkileşimi gibi sosyal girişler bebek sinir aktivasyonu ile ilgili ayrı nasıl çeşitli alay için tasarlanmıştır. Bebek EEG güç sosyal ve nonsocial koşulları hem sırasında kaydedilir.

Bir içi konular Deneysel Protokol Bebek EEG Sosyal Input Etkilerinin Değerlendirmek için

Despite the importance of social interactions for infant brain development, little research has assessed functional neural activation while infants ...

a-within-subjects-experimental-protocol-to-assess-effects-social

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

7.7K Görüntüleme.  Boston University.  Bu yeni protokol bebeklerde sosyal etkileşim sinirsel temellerini değerlendirmek için tasarlanmıştır. paradigma dil, ortak dikkat ve yüz yüze etkileşimi gibi sosyal girişler bebek sinir aktivasyonu ile ilgili ayrı nasıl çeşitli alay için tasarlanmıştır. Bebek EEG güç sosyal ve nonsocial koşulları hem sırasında kaydedilir. 

Video: A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

EEG is traditionally described as a neuroimaging technique with high temporal and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in biophysical modelling and signal processing make it possible to exploit information from other imaging modalities like structural MRI that provide high spatial resolution to overcome this constraint1. This is especially useful for investigations that require high resolution in the temporal as well as spatial domain. In addition, due to the easy application and low cost of EEG recordings, EEG is often the method of choice when working with populations, such as young children, that do not tolerate functional MRI scans well. However, in order to investigate which neural substrates are involved, anatomical information from structural MRI is still needed. Most EEG analysis packages work with standard head models that are based on adult anatomy. The accuracy of these models when used for children is limited2, because the composition and spatial configuration of head tissues changes dramatically over development3.&#160;
In the present paper, we provide an overview of our recent work in utilizing head models based on individual structural MRI scans or age specific head models to reconstruct the cortical generators of high density EEG. This article describes how&#160;EEG recordings are acquired, processed, and analyzed with pediatric populations at the London Baby Lab, including laboratory setup, task design, EEG preprocessing, MRI processing, and EEG channel level and source analysis.&#160;

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in estimating the cortical sources of scalp measured electrical activity for cognitive neuroscience experiments. This article describes how high density EEG is acquired and how recordings are processed for cortical source estimation in children from the age of 2 years at the London Baby Lab.

Çocuklarda Yüksek Yoğunlukta EEG Recordings kortikal Kaynak Analizi

EEG is traditionally described as a neuroimaging technique with high temporal and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in biophysical modelling and ...

Davranış

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Rapid auditory processing and acoustic change detection abilities play a critical role in allowing human infants to efficiently process the fine spectral and temporal changes that are characteristic of human language. These abilities lay the foundation for effective language acquisition; allowing infants to hone in on the sounds of their native language. Invasive procedures in animals and scalp-recorded potentials from human adults suggest that simultaneous, rhythmic activity (oscillations) between and within brain regions are fundamental to sensory development; determining the resolution with which incoming stimuli are parsed. At this time, little is known about oscillatory dynamics in human infant development. However, animal neurophysiology and adult EEG data provide the basis for a strong hypothesis that rapid auditory processing in infants is mediated by oscillatory synchrony in discrete frequency bands. In order to investigate this, 128-channel, high-density EEG responses of 4-month old infants to frequency change in tone pairs, presented in two rate conditions (Rapid: 70 msec ISI and Control: 300 msec ISI) were examined. To determine the frequency band and magnitude of activity, auditory evoked response averages were first co-registered with age-appropriate brain templates. Next, the principal components of the response were identified and localized using a two-dipole model of brain activity. Single-trial analysis of oscillatory power showed a robust index of frequency change processing in bursts of Theta band (3 - 8 Hz) activity in both right and left auditory cortices, with left activation more prominent in the Rapid condition. These methods have produced data that are not only some of the first reported evoked oscillations analyses in infants, but are also, importantly, the product of a well-established method of recording and analyzing clean, meticulously collected, infant EEG and ERPs. In this article, we describe our method for infant EEG net application, recording, dynamic brain response analysis, and representative results.

High-density electroencephalography (dEEG) is being used increasingly to study brain development and plasticity in the early years of life. Here we present an application of sophisticated analysis techniques that builds on traditional EEG recording to understand the oscillatory dynamics of rapid auditory processing in the infant brain.

Bebek İşitsel İşleme ve Olaya ilişkin Beyin Salınımlılığı

Rapid auditory processing and acoustic change detection abilities play a critical role in allowing human infants to efficiently process the fine spectral ...

Applying Stereotactic Injection Technique to Study Genetic Effects on Animal Behaviors

Stereotactic injection is a useful technique to deliver high titer lentiviruses to targeted brain areas in mice. Lentiviruses can either overexpress or knockdown gene expression in a relatively focused region without significant damage to the brain tissue. After recovery, the injected mouse can be tested on various behavioral tasks such as the Open Field Test (OFT) and the Forced Swim Test (FST). The OFT is designed to assess locomotion and the anxious phenotype in mice by measuring the amount of time that a mouse spends in the center of a novel open field. A more anxious mouse will spend significantly less time in the center of the novel field compared to controls. The FST assesses the anti-depressive phenotype by quantifying the amount of time that mice spend immobile when placed into a bucket of water. A mouse with an anti-depressive phenotype will spend significantly less time immobile compared to control animals. The goal of this protocol is to use the stereotactic injection of a lentivirus in conjunction with behavioral tests to assess how genetic factors modulate animal behaviors.

Stereotactic injection of lentiviruses expressing cDNAs or shRNAs can modulate gene expression in specific brain areas of mice. Here, we present a protocol to combine stereotactic injections with behavioral tasks, such as the Open Field Test (OFT) and the Forced Swim Test (FST).

Stereotaktik Enjeksiyon Tekniği uygulamak Hayvan Davranışları üzerinde Genetik Etkileri Eğitim için

Stereotactic injection is a useful technique to deliver high titer lentiviruses to targeted brain areas in mice. Lentiviruses can either overexpress or ...

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test

In many situations humans are influenced by the behavior of other people and their relationships with them. For example, in stressful situations supportive behavior of other people as well as positive social relationships can act as powerful resources to cope with stress. In order to study the interplay between these variables, this protocol describes two effective experimental manipulations of social relationships and supportive behavior in the laboratory. In the present article, these two manipulations are implemented in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)&#8212;a standard stress induction paradigm in which participants are subjected to a simulated job interview. More precisely, we propose (a) a manipulation of the relationship between different protagonists in the TSST by making a shared social identity salient and (b) a manipulation of the behavior of the TSST-selection committee, which acts either supportively or unsupportively. These two experimental manipulations are designed in a modular fashion and can be applied independently of each other but can also be combined. Moreover, these two manipulations can also be integrated into other stress protocols and into other standardized social interactions such as trust games, negotiation tasks, or other group tasks.

Previous research on the social dimension of stress has focused on two important variables: social identity and social support. This protocol introduces an effective experimental manipulation of these two social variables and describes their implementation in a standard stress induction paradigm (Trier Social Stress Test).

Stres Sosyal Boyutu: Trier Sosyal Sosyal Destek ve Sosyal Kimlik Deneysel manipülasyonları Testi Stres

In many situations humans are influenced by the behavior of other people and their relationships with them. For example, in stressful situations ...

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Human beings are constantly surrounded by uncertainty and change. The question arises how people cope with such uncertainty. To date, most research has focused on the cognitive strategies people adopt to deal with uncertainty. However, especially when uncertainty is due to unpredictable societal events (e.g., economical crises, political revolutions, terrorism threats) of which one is unable to judge the impact on one&#8217;s future live, cognitive strategies (like seeking additional information) is likely to fail to combat uncertainty. Instead, the current paper discusses a method demonstrating that people might deal with uncertainty experientially through soft haptic sensations. More specifically, because touching something soft creates a feeling of comfort and security, people prefer objects with softer as compared to harder properties when feeling uncertain. Seeking for softness is a highly efficient and effective tool to deal with uncertainty as our hands are available at all times. This protocol describes a set of methods demonstrating 1) how environmental (un)certainty can be situationally activated with an experiential priming procedure, 2) that the quality of the softness experience (what type of softness and how it is experienced) matters and 3) how uncertainty can be reduced using different methods.

To date research has focused on cognitive strategies people adopt to cope with uncertainty. This research examines instead an experiential way of dealing with uncertainty and introduces a set of experimental methods showing how the experience of haptic softness can serve as a tool to deal with uncertainty.

İnsanlar Yumuşak Haptic Sensations sayesinde Belirsizlik Cope Nasıl incelenmesi Deneysel Araştırma

Human beings are constantly surrounded by uncertainty and change. The question arises how people cope with such uncertainty. To date, most research has ...

A Method for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol in Rats without Water Deprivation, Saccharin Fading or Extended Access Training

Operant oral self-administration methods are commonly used to study the reinforcing properties of ethanol in animals. However, the standard methods require saccharin/sucrose fading, water deprivation and/or extended training to initiate operant responding in rats. This paper describes a novel and efficient method to quickly initiate operant responding for ethanol that is convenient for experimenters and does not require water deprivation or saccharin/sucrose fading, thus eliminating the potential confound of using sweeteners in ethanol operant self-administration studies. With this method, Wistar rats typically acquire and maintain self-administration of a 20% ethanol solution in less than two weeks of training. Furthermore, blood ethanol concentrations and rewards are positively correlated for a 30 min self-administration session. Moreover, naltrexone, an FDA-approved medication for alcohol dependence that has been shown to suppress ethanol self-administration in rodents, dose-dependently decreases alcohol intake and motivation to consume alcohol for rats self-administering 20% ethanol, thus validating the use of this new method to study the reinforcing properties of alcohol in rats.

This protocol describes a novel and efficient method to quickly initiate operant responding for ethanol in rats that, contrary to standard methods, does not require water deprivation or saccharin/sucrose fading to initiate responding.

Su Yoksunluk, Sakarin Fading veya Genişletilmiş Erişim Eğitim olmadan Sıçanlarda Etanol Güçlendirme Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi Bir Yöntem

Operant oral self-administration methods are commonly used to study the reinforcing properties of ethanol in animals. However, the standard methods ...

A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants

Understanding typical and atypical development remains one of the fundamental questions in developmental human neuroscience. Traditionally, experimental paradigms and analysis tools have been limited to constrained laboratory tasks and contexts due to technical limitations imposed by the available set of measuring and analysis techniques and the age of the subjects. These limitations severely limit the study of developmental neural dynamics and associated neural networks engaged in cognition, perception and action in infants performing &#8220;in action and in context&#8221;. This protocol presents a novel approach to study infants and young children as they freely organize their own behavior, and its consequences in a complex, partly unpredictable and highly dynamic environment. The proposed methodology integrates synchronized high-density active scalp electroencephalography (EEG), inertial measurement units (IMUs), video recording and behavioral analysis to capture brain activity and movement non-invasively in freely-behaving infants. This setup allows for the study of neural network dynamics in the developing brain, in action and context, as these networks are recruited during goal-oriented, exploration and social interaction tasks.

This protocol presents a novel methodology for the neural decoding of intent from freely-behaving infants during unscripted social interaction with an actor. Neural activity is acquired using non-invasive high-density active scalp electroencephalography (EEG). Kinematic data is collected with inertial measurement units and supplemented with synchronized video recording.

İnsan Bebekler Serbestçe-davrandığını Sosyal Etkileşim sırasında Niyet Multimodal Sinir Coded Yeni Bir Deneysel ve Analitik Bir Yaklaşım

Understanding typical and atypical development remains one of the fundamental questions in developmental human neuroscience. Traditionally, experimental ...

Investigating Social Cognition in Infants and Adults Using Dense Array Electroencephalography (dEEG)

Dense array electroencephalography (dEEG), which provides a non-invasive window for measuring brain activity and a temporal resolution unsurpassed by any other current brain imaging technology1,2, is being used increasingly in the study of social cognitive functioning in infants and adults. While dEEG is enabling researchers to examine brain activity patterns with unprecedented levels of sensitivity, conventional EEG recording systems continue to face certain limitations, including 1) poor spatial resolution and source localization3,4,2) the physical discomfort for test subjects of enduring the individual application of numerous electrodes to the surface of the scalp, and 3) the complexity for researchers of learning to use multiple software packages to collect and process data. Here we present an overview of an established methodology that represents a significant improvement on conventional methodologies for studying EEG in infants and adults. Although several analytical software techniques can be used to establish indirect indices of source localization to improve the spatial resolution of dEEG, the HydroCel Geodesic Sensor Net (HCGSN) by Electrical Geodesics, Inc. (EGI), a dense sensory array that maintains equal distances among adjacent recording electrodes on all surfaces of the scalp, further enhances spatial resolution4,5,6 compared to standard dEEG systems. The sponge-based HCGSN can be applied rapidly and without scalp abrasion, making it ideal for use with adults7,8, children9,10,11, and infants12, in both research and clinical4,5,6,13,14,15 settings. This feature allows for considerable cost and time savings by decreasing the average net application time compared to other dEEG systems. Moreover, the HCGSN includes unified, seamless software applications for all phases of data, greatly simplifying the collection, processing, and analysis of dEEG data.
The HCGSN features a low-profile electrode pedestal, which, when filled with electrolyte solution, creates a sealed microenvironment and an electrode-scalp interface. In all Geodesic dEEG systems, EEG sensors detect changes in voltage originating from the participant's scalp, along with a small amount of electrical noise originating from the room environment. Electrical signals from all sensors of the Geodesic sensor net are received simultaneously by the amplifier, where they are automatically processed, packaged, and sent to the data-acquisition computer (DAC). Once received by the DAC, scalp electrical activity can be isolated from artifacts for analysis using the filtering and artifact detection tools included in the EGI software. Typically, the HCGSN can be used continuously for only up to two hours because the electrolyte solution dries out over time, gradually decreasing the quality of the scalp-electrode interface.
In the Parent-Infant Research Lab at the University of Toronto, we are using dEEG to study social cognitive processes including memory, emotion, goals, intentionality, anticipation, and executive functioning in both adult and infant participants.

Investigating Social Cognition in Infants and Adults Using Dense Array Electroencephalography dEEG

Dense array electroencephalography is being used increasingly to study social cognitive functions in infants and adults. Here we present an established methodology that represents a significant improvement on conventional methodologies for studying EEG in infants and adults.

(Bebekler ve Yetişkin Yoğun Dizi Elektroensefalografi kullanarak Sosyal Biliş incelenmesi D EEG)

Dense array electroencephalography (dEEG), which provides a non-invasive window for measuring brain activity and a temporal resolution unsurpassed by any ...

Nörobilim

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

A limited number of studies have explored lower-limb biomechanics during high-heeled jogging and running, and most studies have failed to clarify the wearing experience of subjects. This protocol describes the differences in lower-limb kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) between experienced wearers (EW) and inexperienced wearers (IEW) during moderate high-heeled jogging and running. A three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system with a configured force platform was used to synchronously capture lower-limb joint movements and GRF. 36 young females volunteered to participate in this study and were asked about high-heeled shoe-wearing experience, including frequency, duration, heel types, and heel heights. Eleven who had the experience of 3 to 6 cm heels for a minimum of three days per week (6 h per day) for at least two years and eleven who wore high heels less than twice per month participated. Subjects performed jogging and running at comfortable low and high speeds, respectively, with the right foot completely stepping onto a force platform when passing by along a 10 m walkway. EW and IEW adopted different biomechanical adaptations while jogging and running. IEW exhibited a generally larger range of joint movement, while EW showed a dramatically larger loading rate of GRF during running. Hence, further studies on the lower-limb biomechanics of high-heeled gait should strictly control the wearing experience of the subjects.

This study investigated lower-limb kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) during moderate high-heeled jogging and running. Subjects were divided into groups of experienced wearers and inexperienced wearers. A three-dimensional motion analysis system with a configured force platform captured lower-limb joint movements and GRF.

Orta yüksek topuklu koşu ve çalıştırma sırasında alt ekstremite mekanik etkisi deneyimi değerlendirmek için altın standart yürüyüş analiz yöntemlerini kullanma

A limited number of studies have explored lower-limb biomechanics during high-heeled jogging and running, and most studies have failed to clarify the ...

Bebek-Bakıcı Etkileşimlerinde Gerçek Hayat EEG ve EKG Senkronizasyonu

Home-Based EEG Hyperscanning for Infant-Caregiver Social Interactions

Prior hyperscanning studies that record the brain activities of caregivers and children concurrently have primarily been conducted within the confines of the laboratory, thus limiting the generalizability of results to real-life settings. Here, a comprehensive protocol for capturing synchronized electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and behavioral recordings from infant-caregiver dyads during various interactive tasks at home is proposed. This protocol demonstrates how to synchronize the different data streams and report EEG data retention rates and quality checks. Additionally, critical issues and possible solutions with respect to the experimental setup, tasks, and data collection in home settings are discussed. The protocol is not limited to infant-caregiver dyads but can be applied to various dyadic constellations. Overall, we demonstrate the flexibility of EEG hyperscanning setups, which allow experiments to be conducted outside of the laboratory to capture participants' brain activities in more ecologically valid environmental settings. Yet, movement and other types of artifacts still constrain the experimental tasks that can be performed in the home setting.

Yazar Spotlight: Senkronize Multimodal Veri Toplama Yoluyla Bebek Bakıcısı Etkileşimlerini Yakalama

This protocol describes how synchronized electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and behavioral recordings were captured from infant-caregiver dyads in a home setting.

Bebek-Bakıcının Sosyal Etkileşimleri için Ev Tabanlı EEG Hiper Tarama

Prior hyperscanning studies that record the brain activities of caregivers and children concurrently have primarily been conducted within the confines of ...