Name: high-speed continuous-wave stimulated brillouin scattering spectrometer for material analysis
Uploaded: 2017-09-22T12:30:00.000+00:00
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IR Doktora Bursu Ödülü Azrieli Vakfı için minnettar olduğunu.

<ol>
	<li>Koski, K. J., Akhenblit, P., McKiernan, K., Yarger, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-invasive+determination+of+the+complete+elastic+moduli+of+spider+silks.">Non-invasive determination of the complete elastic moduli of spider silks.</a> Nat. Mater. 12 (3), 262-267 (2013).</li><li>Palombo, F., Madami, M., Stone, N., Fioretto, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+mapping+with+chemical+specificity+by+confocal+Brillouin+and+Raman+microscopy.">Mechanical mapping with chemical specificity by confocal Brillouin and Raman microscopy.</a> Analyst. 139 (4), 729-733 (2014).</li><li>Scarcelli, G., Yun, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+Brillouin+optical+microscopy+of+the+human+eye.">In vivo Brillouin optical microscopy of the human eye.</a> Opt. Exp. 20 (8), 9197-9202 (2012).</li><li>Scarcelli, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noncontact+three-dimensional+mapping+of+intracellular+hydromechanical+properties+by+Brillouin+microscopy.">Noncontact three-dimensional mapping of intracellular hydromechanical properties by Brillouin microscopy.</a> Nat. Methods. 12 (12), 1132-1134 (2015).</li><li>Traverso, A. J., Thompson, J. V., Steelman, Z. A., Meng, Z., Scully, M. O., Yakovlev, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual+Raman-Brillouin+microscope+for+chemical+and+mechanical+characterization+and+imaging.">Dual Raman-Brillouin microscope for chemical and mechanical characterization and imaging.</a> Anal. Chem. 87 (15), 7519-7523 (2015).</li><li>Antonacci, G., Foreman, M. R., Paterson, C., T&#246;r&#246;k, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spectral+broadening+in+Brillouin+imaging.">Spectral broadening in Brillouin imaging.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 (22), 221105 (2013).</li><li>Antonacci, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+plaque+stiffness+by+Brillouin+microscopy+in+experimental+thin+cap+fibroatheroma.">Quantification of plaque stiffness by Brillouin microscopy in experimental thin cap fibroatheroma.</a> J. R. Soc. Interface. 12 (112), 20150483 (2015).</li><li>Grubbs, W. T., MacPhail, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+resolution+stimulated+Brillouin+gain+spectrometer.">High resolution stimulated Brillouin gain spectrometer.</a> Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65 (1), 34-41 (1994).</li><li>Ballmann, C. W., Thompson, J. V., Traverso, A. J., Meng, Z., Scully, M. O., Yakovlev, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulated+Brillouin+scattering+microscopic+imaging.">Stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopic imaging.</a> Sci Rep. 5, 18139 (2015).</li><li>Remer, I., Bilenca, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Background-free+Brillouin+spectroscopy+in+scattering+media+at+780+nm+via+stimulated+Brillouin+scattering.">Background-free Brillouin spectroscopy in scattering media at 780 nm via stimulated Brillouin scattering.</a> Opt. Lett. 41 (5), 926-929 (2016).</li><li>Remer, I., Bilenca, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-speed+stimulated+Brillouin+scattering+spectroscopy+at+780+nm.">High-speed stimulated Brillouin scattering spectroscopy at 780 nm.</a> APL Photonics. 1 (6), 061301 (2016).</li><li>She, C. Y., Moosm&#252;ller, H., Herring, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coherent+light+scattering+spectroscopy+for+supersonic+flow+measurements.">Coherent light scattering spectroscopy for supersonic flow measurements.</a> Appl. Phys. B-Lasers O. 46 (4), 283-297 (1988).</li><li>Fiore, A., Zhang, j., Peng Shao, ., Yun, S. H., Scarcelli, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-extinction+virtually+imaged+phased+array-based+Brillouin+spectroscopy+of+turbid+biological+media.">High-extinction virtually imaged phased array-based Brillouin spectroscopy of turbid biological media.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 (20), 203701 (2016).</li></ol>

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Şekil 1' de gösterilen sistem, sulu örnekleri yerleşimini kolaylaştıran bir optik masaya monte dikey bir 18'' x 24'' breadboard üzerinde inşa edilecek şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kuvvetle tüm optik ve mekanik öğeleri sıkın ve pompa ve yoklama kiriş collinear ve konsantrik örnek eksen dışı geometri aydınlatıcı önce çeşitli unsurları ile olduğundan emin olmak önemlidir.
Sinyal kazancı uyarılmış Brillouin gözlemleyerek zorluklar o ma...

Spontan Brillouin spektroskopisi kurulmuştur, sıvılar gibi yumuşak malzemelerin mekanik analizi için değerli bir yaklaşım olarak son yıllarda gerçek dokusu, doku hayaletler, biyolojik hücreleri1,2, 3,4,5,6,7. Bu yaklaşım, tek bir lazer örnek aydınlatan ve inelastically gelen spontan termal akustik dalgalar orta dağınık ışık örnek visko elastik özellikleri üzerinde yararlı bilgiler sağlayan bir Spektrometre tarafından toplanır. Spontan Brillouin yelpazenin iki Brillouin doruklarına akustik Stokes ve anti-Stokes rezonanslar malzemenin ve aydınlatıcı lazer frekans (nedeniyle Melosun dağınık ışık) Rayleigh zirvesinde içerir. Bir Brillouin backscattering geometri için Brillouin frekansları tarafından birkaç GHz aydınlatıcı lazer frekans kaydırılır ve yüzlerce MHz spektral genişliğe sahiptir.
Fabry-Perot Spektrometreler tarama sistemleri--spontan Brillouin spectra yumuşak madde1,2kazanılması için seçim olmuştur iken, son teknolojik gelişmeler hemen hemen faz dizi (VIPA) görüntüsü Spektrometreler yeterli spektral çözünürlüklü (alt-GHz)3,4,5,6,7ile önemli ölçüde daha hızlı (alt ikinci) Brillouin ölçümleri etkinleştirdiniz. Bu protokol için biz continuous-wave-teşvik-Brillouin-saçılma (CW-SBS) ışık bulanık olmayan ve bulanık algılama dayalı bir farklı, yüksek hızlı, yüksek spektral çözünürlüklü, doğru Brillouin Spektrometre inşaatı mevcut Neredeyse arka saçılma geometrisi örnekleri.
CW-SBS spektroskopisi biraz frekans detuned sürekli (CW) pompa ve yoklama lazerler, akustik dalgalar uyarmak için bir örnek üst üste geliyor. Frekans farkı pompa ve yoklama kirişler arasında belirli bir akustik rezonans malzemenin eşleştiğinde, amplifikasyon veya deamplification sonda sinyal tarafından uyarılan Brillouin kazancı veya kaybı (SBG/SBL) işlemleri, sırasıyla sağlanır; Aksi halde, hiçbir SBS (de) amplifikasyon8,9,10,11oluşur. Böylece, bir SBG (SBL) spektrum malzeme Brillouin rezonanslar genelinde lazerler frekans farkı tarama ve algılama artış (azalış) elde edilebilir veya sonda yoğunluğu nedeniyle SBS (kaybı), kazanç. Aksine spontan Brillouin saçılma, elastik saçılma arka plan gereği yoktur, SBS, bulanık ve bulanık olmayan örnekleri Rayleigh ret filtreler için herhangi bir ihtiyaç olarak gereken VIPA olmadan mükemmel Brillouin kontrast etkinleştirme Spektrometreler10,11,13.
CW-SBS Spektrometre ana bina bloklarını pompa ve yoklama lazerler ve uyarılmış Brillouin kazanç/kayıp dedektörü vardır. Yüksek spektral çözünürlüklü, yüksek hızlı CW-SBS spektroskopisi için lazerler tek frekanslı gerekir (&#60; 10 MHz linewidth) yeterince geniş dalga boyu ayar (20-30 GHz) ve tarama hızı ile (&#62; 200 GHz/s), uzun vadeli frekans istikrar (&#60; 50 MHz/h) ve düşük yoğunluklu gürültü. Ayrıca, birkaç yüz güçlerle doğrusal polarize ve kırınım-limited lazer ışınları (on) mW örneği, pompa (soruşturma) ışın için gereklidir. Son olarak, uyarılmış Brillouin kazanç/kayıp dedektörü güvenilir bir şekilde yumuşak bu konuda zayıf geriye dönük uyarılmış Brillouin kazanç/kayıp (SBG/SBL) düzeyleri (10-5 - 10-6) tespit etmek için tasarlanmış olması. Bu ihtiyaçları karşılamak için biz dağıtılmış geribildirim (DFB) diyot lazerler polarizasyon korumak açısından birleştiğinde seçilen lifleri birleştirerek bir ultra-dar atom uyarılmış bir Brillouin kazanç/kayıp dedektörü ile birlikte Buhar çentik filtresi ve yüksek frekans şekil 1' deki resimli olarak tek-modülasyon amplifikatör kilitli. Bu algılama düzeni SBG sinyalin yoğunluğunu süre önemli ölçüde gürültü azaltma sonda yoğunluğu istenilen SBG sinyal katıştırılmış11nerede iki katına çıkar. Atomik Buhar çentik-filtre bizim SBS Spektrometre kullanılan rolü önemli ölçüde azaltan istenmeyen sokak pompa yansımaları tespiti yerine olduğu gibi her ikisi de tespit VIPA Spektrometreler elastik saçılma arka plan azaltmak için olduğunu unutmayın spontan Rayleigh ve Brillouin ışık dağılmış. Aşağıda ayrıntılı iletişim kuralını kullanarak, CW-SBS Spektrometre SBG düzeyleri olarak 10-6 düşük su ve doku hayaletler iletim spectra edinme yeteneği ile inşa edilebilir &#60; 35 MHz Brillouin kaymalı ölçüm hassas ve 100 ms içinde veya daha az.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55527/55527fig1.jpg"> 
Şekil 1: sürekli teşvik Brillouin saçılma (CW-SBS) Spektrometre. İki sürekli pompa ve yoklama diyot lazerler (DL), frekans örnek Brillouin üst karakter detuned polarizasyon Bakımı tek modlu fiberler collimators C1 ve C2, sırasıyla birleştiğinde. Pompa-sonda frekans farkı bir set elyaf ayırıcılar (FS), hızlı photodetector (FPD) ve bir frekans sayacı (FC) kullanarak pompa ve yoklama lazerler soyulmuş kirişler arasında beat frekansı tespit ederek ölçülür. S polarize sonda ışını (ışık kırmızı), kiriş genişletici (L1 ve M2), doğru dairesel yayın bir çeyrek-dalga plate (λ1/4) tarafından polarize bir Keplerian kullanarak genişletilmiş ve bir achromatic lens (M3) örnek (S) odaklı. Etkili SBS etkileşim ve optik yalıtım için bir Keplerian ışını genişletici (L5 ve L6), kullanarak genişletilmiş pompa kiriş (derin kırmızı), ilk P polarize-bir yarı-dalga plaka λ2/4 kullanarak), bir kutuplaşma aracılığıyla aktarılan Splitter (PBS), kiriş ve sonunda sol dairesel yayın bir çeyrek-dalga plate (λ2/4) tarafından polarize ve örnek bir achromatic lens (L4; aynı derecede L3) ile üzerinde duruldu. Pompa ve yoklama kirişler neredeyse örnek karşı sonradan ve (P) (λ1dışında /4 gelme) P polarize pompa ışın sonda girmesini önlemek için kullanılan bir S odaklı polarize lazer unutmayın. Kilitlenme algılaması için pompa ışın sinusoidally fm bir acousto optik modülatör (AOM) ile modüle. Frekans fm yoğunluğu varyasyonları olarak tecelli SBG sinyal (bkz. iç metin) ile demodülealgılama bir geniş alan fotodiyot (PD) tarafından takip bir kilit-in amplifikatör (LIA). Fotodiyot sokak pompa yansımalar önemli kaldırılması için bir dar bant Bragg filtre (BF) ve pompa dalga boyu etrafında bir atomik çentik filtresi (85RB) yanında bir ışık engelleme Iris ile (I) kullanılır. Verileri daha fazla Brillouin spektrum analiz için bir kişisel bilgisayar (PC) bağlı bir veri alma kartı (DAQ) tarafından kaydedilir. Tüm katlanır aynalar (M1- M6) dikey sulu örnekleri yerleşimini kolaylaştırmak için optik masaya monte 18'' × 24'' breadboard üzerinde Spektrometre sığdırmak için kullanılır. <a href="https://ecsource-jove-com.bdigitaluss.remotexs.co/files/ftp_upload/55527/55527fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakam daha büyük bir versiyonunu görüntülemek için buraya tıklayınız.</a>

<table><tbody><tr><td>Probe diode laser head and controller</td><td>Toptica Photonics</td><td>SYST DL-100-DFB</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Pump amplified diode laser and controller</td><td>Toptica Photonics</td><td>SYST TA-pro-DFB</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>FC/APC fiber dock</td><td>Toptica Photonics</td><td>FiberDock&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Quantity: 3</td></tr><tr><td>High power single mode polarization maintaining FC/APC fiber patchcord</td><td>Toptica Photonics</td><td>OE-000796</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>FC/APC fiber collimation with adjustable collimation optics</td><td>Toptica Photonics</td><td>FiberOut</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>FC/APC fiber fixed collimator</td><td>OZ Optics</td><td>HPUCO-33A-780-P-6.1-AS</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Single mode polarization maintaining fiber splitter 33:67</td><td>OZ Optics</td><td>FOBS-12P-111-4/125-PPP-780-67/33-40-3A3A3A-3-1</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Single mode polarization maintaining fiber splitter 50:50</td><td>OZ Optics</td><td>FOBS-12P-111-4/125-PPP-780-50/50-40-3S3A3A-3-1</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>f=25 mm, &amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Achromatic Doublet, SM05-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>AC127-025-B-ML</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>f=30 mm, &amp;Oslash;1&quot; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>AC254-30-B-ML</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>f=50 mm, &amp;Oslash;1&quot; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>AC254-50-B-ML</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>f=100 mm, &amp;Oslash;1&quot; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> AC254-100-B-ML</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>f=200 mm, &amp;Oslash;1&quot; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> AC254-200-B-ML</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Broadband Dielectric Mirror, 750-1100 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> BB05-E03</td><td>Quantity: 4</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Broadband Dielectric Mirror, 750-1100 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> BB1-E03</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>1&quot; Polarizing beamsplitter cube, 780 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> PBS25-780</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Linear polarizer with N-BK7 protective windows, 600-1100 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> LPNIRE100-B</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Shearing Interferometer with a 1-3 mm Beam Diameter Shear Plate</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>SI035</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>6-Axis Locking kinematic optic mount</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> K6XS</td><td>Quantity: 4</td></tr><tr><td>Compact five-axis platform</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> PY005</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Pedestal mounting adapter for 5-axis platform</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> PY005A2</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Polaris low drift &amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; kinematic mirror mount, 3 adjusters</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> POLARIS-K05</td><td>Quantity: 4</td></tr><tr><td>Lens mount for &amp;Oslash;1&quot; optics</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> LMR1</td><td>Quantity: 5</td></tr><tr><td>Adapter with external SM1 threads and Internal SM05 threads, 0.40&quot; thick</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> SM1A6T</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Rotation mount for &amp;Oslash;1&quot; optics</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> RSP1</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>1&quot; Kinematic prism mount</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> KM100PM</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Graduated ring-activated SM1 iris diaphragm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> SM1D12C</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Post-mounted iris diaphragm, &amp;Oslash;12.0 mm max aperture</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>ID12</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>1/2&quot; translation stage with standard micrometer</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>MT1</td><td>Quantity: 3</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 1&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RS1P8E</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 1.5&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RS1.5P8E</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 2&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RS2P8E</td><td>Quantity: 4</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 2.5&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RS2.5P8E</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 3&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RS3P8E</td><td>Quantity: 4</td></tr><tr><td>Short clamping fork</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>CF125</td><td>Quantity: 12</td></tr><tr><td>Mounting base</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>BA1S</td><td>Quantity: 8</td></tr><tr><td>Large V-Clamp with PM4 Clamping Arm, 2.5&quot; Long, Imperial</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>VC3C</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Post holder, spring-loaded hex-locking thumbscrew, L = 1&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PH1</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Post holder, spring-loaded hex-locking thumbscrew, L = 1.5&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PH1.5</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Post holder, spring-loaded hex-locking thumbscrew, L = 2&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PH2</td><td>Quantity: 6</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Optical post, SS, 8-32 setscrew, 1/4&quot;-20 tap, L = 1&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>TR1</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Optical post, SS, 8-32 setscrew, 1/4&quot;-20 tap, L = 1.5&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>TR1.5</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Optical post, SS, 8-32 setscrew, 1/4&quot;-20 tap, L = 2&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>TR2</td><td>Quantity: 6</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum breadboard 18&quot; x 24&quot; x 1/2&quot;, 1/4&quot;-20 taps</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>MB1824</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>12&quot; Vertical bracket for breadboards, 1/4&quot;-20 holes, 1 piece</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>VB01</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>Si photodiode, 40 ns Rise time, 400 - 1100 nm, 10 mm x 10 mm active area</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> FDS1010</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Waveplate, zero order, 1/4 wave 780nm</td><td>Tower Optics</td><td>Z-17.5-A-.250-B-780</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>Waveplate, zero order, 1/2 wave 780nm</td><td>Tower Optics</td><td>Z-17.5-A-.500-B-780</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Fiber coupled ultra high speed photodetector</td><td>Newport</td><td>1434</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Gimbal optical miror mount</td><td>Newport</td><td>U100-G2H ULTIMA</td><td>Quantity: 3</td></tr><tr><td>linear stage with 25 mm travel range</td><td>Newport</td><td>&amp;nbsp;M-423&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Lockable differential micrometer, 25 mm coarse, 0.2 mm fine,11 lb. load</td><td>Newport</td><td>&amp;nbsp;DM-25L</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>XYZ Motor linear stage</td><td>Applied Scientific Instrumentation</td><td>LS-50</td><td>Quantity: 3</td></tr><tr><td>Stage controller</td><td>Applied Scientific Instrumentation</td><td>MS-2000</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Sample holder</td><td>Home made</td><td>Custom</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Rubidium 85 Fused Silica spectroscopy cell with flat AR-coated windows, 150 mm length, 25mm diameter</td><td>Photonics Technologies</td><td>SC-RB85-25x150-Q-AR</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Thermally conductive pad 300 mm x 300 mm</td><td>BERGQUIST</td><td>Q3AC 300MMX300MM SHEET</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Heat tape 0.15 mm x 2.5&amp;nbsp; 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dual 0-30V 5A</td><td>MEILI</td><td>MCH-305D-ii</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Thermocouple</td><td>MRC</td><td>TP-01</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Thermometer</td><td>MRC</td><td>TM-5007</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Coaxial low pass filter DC-1.9 MHz</td><td>Mini Circuits</td><td>BLP-1.9+</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>20% lipid-emulsion</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>I141-100ml</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>round 25 mm diameter cover glass thick:1 #</td><td>Menzel Glaser</td><td>150285</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Computational software&amp;nbsp;</td><td>MathWorks</td><td>MATLAB 2015a</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

high-speed continuous-wave stimulated brillouin scattering spectrometer for material analysis

Son yıllarda önemli bir artış için temassız çözümleme-in yumuşak oldu, sulu çözümler ve Biyomalzeme, hızlı edinme kez gibi kendiliğinden Brillouin Spektrometreler kullanımında tanık olduk. Burada, biz derleme tartışmak ve işletimi kullanan bir Brillouin Spektrometre ile Brillouin saçılma (SBS) uyarılmış Brillouin kazanç (SBG) spectra emülsiyon esaslı doku benzeri örnekleri su ve lipid iletim modunda ölçmek için uyarılmış &lt; 10 MHz Spektral çözünürlüklü ve &lt; 35 MHz Brillouin kaymalı ölçüm hassas, &lt; 100 Bayan Spektrometre oluşur iki neredeyse sürekli (CW) dar-linewidth lazerler, 780 karşı propaganda olan frekans detuning taranmış aracılığıyla nm malzeme Brillouin vardiyası. Sinyal-için-gürültü-oranı SBG sinyal önemli ölçüde geliştirilmiş bir ultra-dar bant sıcak rubidyum-85 buharı çentik filtresi ve bir faz duyarlı Dedektör kullanarak, varolan CW-SBS Spektrometreler ile elde ile karşılaştırıldığında. Bu gelişme SBG spectra kez, böylece yüksek hızda yumuşak malzemelerin yüksek spektral çözünürlüklü ve yüksek hassasiyetli Brillouin analizi kolaylaştırmak için 100-fold daha hızlı Alım ile ölçülmesi sağlar.

Rakamlar 2b ve 3b tipik noktası SBG spectra distile su ve lipid emülsiyonu doku (2,25 saçılma olaylar ve 45 cm-1zayıflama katsayısı ile) hayali örnekleri 10 ms ve 100 ms içinde anılan sıraya göre ölçülen görüntüler. Karşılaştırma için biz 10 SBG spectra ölçülen rakamlar 2a ve 3agösterildiği gibi s. Bu ölçümlerde, rubidyum-85 buharı hücre 90 ° c ~ 104 tarafından soka...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis at JoVE.com

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Biz bir hızlı continuous-wave-teşvik-Brillouin-saçılma (CW-SBS) Spektrometre inşaatı tarif. Spektrometre tek frekanslı diyot lazerler istihdam ve ilâ 100-fold mevcut CW-SBS Spektrometreler olanların daha hızlı bir atomik Buhar çentik-iletim spectra yüksek spektral çözünürlüklü bulanık/sigara-bulanık örneklerinin elde etmek için filtre hızlandırır. Bu geliştirme yüksek hızlı Brillouin malzeme çözümleme sağlar.

Yüksek hızda sürekli uyarılan Brillouin saçılma Spektrometre için malzeme analizi

Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the use of spontaneous Brillouin spectrometers for non-contact analysis of soft matter, such as ...

high-speed-continuous-wave-stimulated-brillouin-scattering

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

10.1K Görüntüleme.  Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Biz bir hızlı continuous-wave-teşvik-Brillouin-saçılma (CW-SBS) Spektrometre inşaatı tarif. Spektrometre tek frekanslı diyot lazerler istihdam ve ilâ 100-fold mevcut CW-SBS Spektrometreler olanların daha hızlı bir atomik Buhar çentik-iletim spectra yüksek spektral çözünürlüklü bulanık/sigara-bulanık örneklerinin elde etmek için filtre hızlandırır. Bu geliştirme yüksek hızlı Brillouin malzeme çözümleme sağlar. 

Video: High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is often plagued by a strong fluorescent background, particularly for biological samples. If a sample is excited with a train of ultrafast pulses, a system that can temporally separate spectrally overlapping signals on a picosecond timescale can isolate promptly arriving Raman scattered light from late-arriving fluorescence light. Here we discuss the construction and operation of a complex nonlinear optical system that uses all-optical switching in the form of a low-power optical Kerr gate to isolate Raman and fluorescence signals. A single 808 nm laser with 2.4 W of average power and 80 MHz repetition rate is split, with approximately 200 mW of 808 nm light being converted to &lt; 5 mW of 404 nm light sent to the sample to excite Raman scattering. The remaining unconverted 808 nm light is then sent to a nonlinear medium where it acts as the pump for the all-optical shutter. The shutter opens and closes in 800 fs with a peak efficiency of approximately 5%. Using this system we are able to successfully separate Raman and fluorescence signals at an 80 MHz repetition rate using pulse energies and average powers that remain biologically safe. Because the system has no spare capacity in terms of optical power, we detail several design and alignment considerations that aid in maximizing the throughput of the system. We also discuss our protocol for obtaining the spatial and temporal overlap of the signal and pump beams within the Kerr medium, as well as a detailed protocol for spectral acquisition. Finally, we report a few representative results of Raman spectra obtained in the presence of strong fluorescence using our time-gating system.

We discuss the construction and operation of a complex nonlinear optical
system that uses ultrafast all-optical switching to isolate Raman from fluorescence
signals. Using this system we are able to successfully separate Raman and fluorescence
signals utilizing pulse energies and average powers that remain biologically safe.

Rezonans ve spontan Raman Microspectroscopy Floresan Arkaplan reddi

Raman spectroscopy is often plagued by a strong fluorescent background, particularly for biological samples. If a sample is excited with a train of ...

Biyomühendislik

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Slow light has been one of the hot topics in the photonics community in the past decade, generating great interest both from a fundamental point of view and for its considerable potential for practical applications. Slow light photonic crystal waveguides, in particular, have played a major part and have been successfully employed for delaying optical signals1-4 and the enhancement of both linear5-7 and nonlinear devices.8-11
Photonic crystal cavities achieve similar effects to that of slow light waveguides, but over a reduced band-width. These cavities offer high Q-factor/volume ratio, for the realization of optically12 and electrically13 pumped ultra-low threshold lasers and the enhancement of nonlinear effects.14-16 Furthermore, passive filters17 and modulators18-19 have been demonstrated, exhibiting ultra-narrow line-width, high free-spectral range and record values of low energy consumption.
To attain these exciting results, a robust repeatable fabrication protocol must be developed. In this paper we take an in-depth look at our fabrication protocol which employs electron-beam lithography for the definition of photonic crystal patterns and uses wet and dry etching techniques. Our optimised fabrication recipe results in photonic crystals that do not suffer from vertical asymmetry and exhibit very good edge-wall roughness. We discuss the results of varying the etching parameters and the detrimental effects that they can have on a device, leading to a diagnostic route that can be taken to identify and eliminate similar issues.
The key to evaluating slow light waveguides is the passive characterization of transmission and group index spectra. Various methods have been reported, most notably resolving the Fabry-Perot fringes of the transmission spectrum20-21 and interferometric techniques.22-25 Here, we describe a direct, broadband measurement technique combining spectral interferometry with Fourier transform analysis.26 Our method stands out for its simplicity and power, as we can characterise a bare photonic crystal with access waveguides, without need for on-chip interference components, and the setup only consists of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with no need for moving parts and delay scans.
When characterising photonic crystal cavities, techniques involving internal sources21 or external waveguides directly coupled to the cavity27 impact on the performance of the cavity itself, thereby distorting the measurement. Here, we describe a novel and non-intrusive technique that makes use of a cross-polarised probe beam and is known as resonant scattering (RS), where the probe is coupled out-of plane into the cavity through an objective. The technique was first demonstrated by McCutcheon et al.28 and further developed by Galli et al.29

Use of photonic crystal slow light waveguides and cavities has been widely adopted by the photonics community in many differing applications. Therefore fabrication and characterization of these devices are of great interest. This paper outlines our fabrication technique and two optical characterization methods, namely: interferometric (waveguides) and resonant scattering (cavities).

Fotonik Kristal Yavaş Işık Dalga Kılavuzları Ve Çürükler Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu

Slow light has been one of the hot topics in the photonics community in the past decade, generating great interest both from a fundamental point of view ...

Mühendislik

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Light interacts with an organism's integument on a variety of spatial scales. For example in an iridescent bird: nano-scale structures produce color; the milli-scale structure of barbs and barbules largely determines the directional pattern of reflected light; and through the macro-scale spatial structure of overlapping, curved feathers, these directional effects create the visual texture. Milli-scale and macro-scale effects determine where on the organism's body, and from what viewpoints and under what illumination, the iridescent colors are seen. Thus, the highly directional flash of brilliant color from the iridescent throat of a hummingbird is inadequately explained by its nano-scale structure alone and questions remain. From a given observation point, which milli-scale elements of the feather are oriented to reflect strongly? Do some species produce broader "windows" for observation of iridescence than others? These and similar questions may be asked about any organisms that have evolved a particular surface appearance for signaling, camouflage, or other reasons.
In order to study the directional patterns of light scattering from feathers, and their relationship to the bird's milli-scale morphology, we developed a protocol for measuring light scattered from biological materials using many high-resolution photographs taken with varying illumination and viewing directions. Since we measure scattered light as a function of direction, we can observe the characteristic features in the directional distribution of light scattered from that particular feather, and because barbs and barbules are resolved in our images, we can clearly attribute the directional features to these different milli-scale structures. Keeping the specimen intact preserves the gross-scale scattering behavior seen in nature. The method described here presents a generalized protocol for analyzing spatially- and directionally-varying light scattering from complex biological materials at multiple structural scales.

We present a non-destructive method for sampling spatial variation in the direction of light scattered from structurally complex materials. By keeping the material intact, we preserve gross-scale scattering behavior, while concurrently capturing fine-scale directional contributions with high-resolution imaging. Results are visualized in software at biologically-relevant positions and scales.

Biyolojik materyalden mekansal-ve Yönde-değişen ışık saçılımı Ölçme

Light interacts with an organism's integument on a variety of spatial scales. For example in an iridescent bird: nano-scale structures produce color; the ...

Observation and Analysis of Blinking Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering

From a single molecule at a silver nanoaggregate junction, blinking surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is observed. Here, a protocol is presented on how to prepare the SERS-active silver nanoaggregate, record a video of certain blinking spots in the microscopic image, and analyze the blinking statistics. In this analysis, a power law reproduces the probability distributions for bright events relative to their duration. The probability distributions for dark events are fitted by a power law with an exponential function. The parameters of the power law represent molecular behavior in both bright and dark states. The random walk model and the speed of the molecule across the entire silver surface can be estimated. It is difficult to estimate even when using averages, autocorrelation functions, and super-resolution SERS imaging. In the future, power law analyses should be combined with spectral imaging, because the origins of blinking cannot be confirmed by this analysis method alone.

This protocol describes the analysis of blinking surface-enhanced Raman scattering due to the random walk of a single molecule on a silver surface using power laws.

Gözlem ve yüzey gelişmiş Raman saçılması yanıp sönen analizi

From a single molecule at a silver nanoaggregate junction, blinking surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is observed. Here, a protocol is presented on ...

Kimya

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

The goal of this protocol is to build a parallel high-extinction and high-resolution optical Brillouin spectrometer. Brillouin spectroscopy is a non-contact measurement method that can be used to obtain direct readouts of viscoelastic material properties. It has been a useful tool in material characterization, structural monitoring and environmental sensing. In the past, Brillouin spectroscopy has usually employed scanning Fabry-Perot etalons to perform spectral analysis. This process requires high illumination power and long acquisition times, making the technique unsuitable for biomedical applications. A recently introduced novel spectrometer overcomes this challenge by employing two VIPAs in a cross-axis configuration. This innovation enables sub-Gigahertz (GHz) resolution spectral analysis with sub-second acquisition time and illumination power within the safety limits of biological tissue. The multiple new applications facilitated by this improvement are currently being explored in biological research and clinical application.

Here we present a protocol to build a rapid Brillouin spectrometer. Cascading virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) etalons achieve a measurement speed more than 1,000 times faster than traditional scanning Fabry-Perot spectrometers. This improvement provides the means for Brillouin analysis of tissue and biomaterials at low power levels in vivo.

Brillouin Saçılma Analiz Yüksek Hızlı Alt GHz Spektrometre

The goal of this protocol is to build a parallel high-extinction and high-resolution optical Brillouin spectrometer. Brillouin spectroscopy is a ...

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy uses near-infrared excitation light; therefore, it shares many multi-photon microscopic imaging properties. SRS imaging modality can be obtained using commercial laser-scanning microscopes by equipping with a non-descanned forward detector with proper bandpass filters and lock-in amplifier (LIA) detection scheme. A schematic layout of a typical SRS microscope includes the following: two pulsed laser beams, (i.e., the pump and probe directed in a scanning microscope), which must be overlapped in both space and time at the image plane, then focused by a microscope objective into the sample through two scanning mirrors (SMs), which raster the focal spot across an x-y plane. After interaction with the sample, transmitted output pulses are collected by an upper objective and measured by a forward detection system inserted in an inverted microscope. Pump pulses are removed by a stack of optical filters, whereas the probe pulses that are the result of the SRS process occurring in the focal volume of the specimen are measured by a photodiode (PD). The readout of the PD is demodulated by the LIA to extract the modulation depth. A two-dimensional (2D) image is obtained by synchronizing the forward detection unit with the microscope scanning unit. In this paper, the implementation of an SRS microscope is described and successfully demonstrated, as well as the reporting of label-free images of polystyrene beads with diameters of 3 &#181;m. It is worth noting that SRS microscopes are not commercially available, so in order to take advantage of these characteristics, the homemade construction is the only option. Since SRS microscopy is becoming popular in many fields, it is believed that this careful description of the SRS microscope implementation can be very useful for the scientific community.

In this manuscript, the implementation of a stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscope, obtained by the integration of an SRS experimental set-up with a laser scanning microscope, is described. The SRS microscope is based on two femtosecond (fs) laser sources, a Ti-Sapphire (Ti:Sa) and synchronized optical parametric oscillator (OPO).

Stimululated Raman saçılma dayalı doğrusal olmayan mikroskop uygulanması

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy uses near-infrared excitation light; therefore, it shares many multi-photon microscopic imaging properties. ...

Optimizing Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analyzers Based on Gain Spectrum Engineering

Demonstrated is a unique method for sensing performance enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA). A Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) is superimposed with two symmetric Brillouin loss spectra (BLS). This leads to a complex engineered spectrum shape that is more resistant to the sensing system noise. Instead of only one pump and probe interaction as in the conventional BOTDA setup, three optical probe waves are exploited, with one probe located in the BGS and the other two symmetrically in the BLS. Due to the resistance and insensitivity of the engineered spectrum shape to the noise, the sensing performance is enhanced by 60% and the measurand resolution is doubled.

A protocol for Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers based on gain spectrum engineering is presented. Enhancements in the sensing performance, including sensing range and measurand resolution are achieved and the excess Brillouin intensity noise is studied. The protocol introduces a new way to enhance distributed Brillouin sensing performance.

Demonstrated is a unique method for sensing performance enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA). A Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) is ...

Preparation of Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibers for Brillouin Spectroscopy

Brillouin spectroscopy is an emerging technique in the biomedical field. It probes the mechanical properties of a sample through the interaction of visible light with thermally induced acoustic waves or phonons propagating at a speed of a few km/sec. Information on the elasticity and structure of the material is obtained in a nondestructive contactless manner, hence opening the way to in vivo applications and potential diagnosis of pathology. This work describes the application of Brillouin spectroscopy to the study of biomechanics in elastin and trypsin-digested type I collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix. Fibrous proteins of the extracellular matrix are the building blocks of biological tissues and investigating their mechanical and physical behavior is key to establishing structure-function relationships in normal tissues and the changes which occur in disease. The procedures of sample preparation followed by measurement of Brillouin spectra using a reflective substrate are presented together with details of the optical system and methods of spectral data analysis.

We present a protocol for the application of Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy to elastin and trypsin-purified type I collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix to extract their full elastic properties.

Brillouin Spektroskopisi için Ekstraselüler Matriks Proteini Elyaf Hazırlama

Brillouin spectroscopy is an emerging technique in the biomedical field. It probes the mechanical properties of a sample through the interaction of ...

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a nonlinear optical technique for label-free chemical imaging. This analytical tool delivers chemical maps at high speed, and high spatial resolution of thin samples by directly interrogating their molecular vibrations. In its standard implementation, SRS microscopy is narrowband and forms images with only a single vibrational frequency at a time. However, this approach not only hinders the chemical specificity of SRS but also neglects the wealth of information encoded within vibrational spectra. 
These limitations can be overcome by broadband SRS, an implementation capable of extracting a vibrational spectrum per pixel of the image in parallel. This delivers hyperspectral data that, when coupled with chemometric analysis, maximizes the amount of information retrieved from the specimen. Thus, broadband SRS improves the chemical specificity of the system, allowing the quantitative determination of the concentration of the different constituents of a sample. Here, we report a protocol for chemical imaging with broadband SRS microscopy, based on a home-built SRS microscope operating with a custom differential multichannel-lock-in amplifier detection. It discusses the sample preparation, alignment of the SRS apparatus, and chemometric analysis. By acquiring vibrational Raman spectra, the protocol illustrates how to identify different chemical species within a mixture, determining their relative concentrations.

We present a protocol to acquire chemical images with broadband stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. Based on an SRS microscope that operates with differential multichannel-lock-in detection, the protocol describes the sample preparation, adjustment of the SRS apparatus, and chemometrics to disentangle different constituents of chemically heterogeneous samples.

Geniş Bant Uyarılmış Raman Saçılma Mikroskobuna Dayalı Multipleks Kimyasal Görüntüleme

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a nonlinear optical technique for label-free chemical imaging. This analytical tool delivers chemical maps ...

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy are the most widely used coherent Raman scattering imaging technologies. Hyperspectral SRS and CARS imaging offer Raman spectral information at every pixel, which enables better separation of different chemical compositions. Although both techniques require two excitation lasers, their signal detection schemes and spectral properties are quite different. The goal of this protocol is to perform both hyperspectral SRS and CARS imaging on a single platform and compare the two microscopy techniques for imaging different biological samples. The spectral focusing method is employed to acquire spectral information using femtosecond lasers. By using standard chemical samples, the sensitivity, spatial resolution, and spectral resolution of SRS and CARS in the same excitation conditions (i.e., power at the sample, pixel dwell time, objective lens, pulse energy) are compared. The imaging contrasts of CARS and SRS for biological samples are juxtaposed and compared. The direct comparison of CARS and SRS performances would allow for optimal selection of the modality for chemical imaging.

This paper directly compares the resolution, sensitivity, and imaging contrasts of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) integrated into the same microscope platform. The results show that CARS has a better spatial resolution, SRS gives better contrasts and spectral resolution, and both methods have similar sensitivity.

Kimyasal Görüntüleme için Hiperspektral Uyarılmış Raman Saçılması ve Tutarlı Anti-Stokes Raman Saçılma Mikroskobunun Doğrudan Karşılaştırılması

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy are the most widely used coherent Raman scattering imaging ...