Name: combining multiple data acquisition systems to study corticospinal output and multi-segment biomechanics
Uploaded: 2016-01-09T13:00:01.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 48 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics at JoVE.com

The authors thank funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council to AJN.

<ol>
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The authors have nothing to disclose.

The present manuscript details an innovative method to integrate TMS and motion capture systems in the context of a visuo-motor task. To make rapid and meaningful advances in the study of human motor control, it is essential that methodologies allow for precise communication across multiple hardware and software systems. The paradigm presented could be used to study a variety of research interests including the cortical contribution to motor learning, the neurophysiology of motor control, and multi-joint movement contr...

경 두개 자기 자극 (TMS)의 기능적 연결성을 프로빙 그러한 단일 및 다중 펄스, 이중 사이트 자극으로 피질 기능을 이해하기 위해 사용되는 여러 TMS 프로토콜이있다. 3,5- 인간 피질 자극하는 비 침습적 방법이며 반복 펄스는 신경 가소성을 촉진. 4,6-8 TMS 프로토콜은 신경 재활 전략을 인간의 대뇌 피질 프로세스의 현재 이해를 발전 안내하기 위해 결합 될 수있다. 피질 자극 이외에, TMS는 피질 또는 소뇌 요로 자극에 의​​해 서브 피질 기능을 이해하기 위해 사용될 수있다. 현재 TMS 연구가 직면하고있는 가장 큰 기술적 과제 중 하나는 인간의 목표 지향적 자율 이동하는 동안 대뇌 피질 영역의 역할을 연구 할 수있는 능력이다. 몇 가지 고려 사항이 기술적 인 도전에 기여하고 있습니다. 우선, TMS 전달 실시간 인간 움직임 C와 결합되어야apture. 이러한 방식으로, TMS 펄스는 복잡한 움직임을 연구 시각 동기 방법을 제공하는 움직임 시퀀스 내의 기능으로 전달하거나 트리거 될 수있다. 이 모터 제어를 뒷받침 뇌 동작 관계의 이해를 향상 할 펼쳐져 둘째, TMS 전달 및 모션 캡쳐를 통합하면 복합 운동의 상세한 특성을 허용한다. 현재, 포괄적으로 TMS와 모션 캡쳐 방법을 통합 상업적으로 사용 가능한 시스템이 없습니다. 모터 제어 분야에서 신경 과학자,이 보이드는 통상적으로 다수의 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어의 데이터 수집 및 전송 시스템을 통합하는 기술적 문제를 소비 시간으로 변환한다. 이 기술 제한은 상지를 포함하는 동적 다 관절 운동의 연구에 전념 스파 스의 연구 결과이다. TMS 인간 모터 제어의 미리 필드 들어, 피질 기능 복잡한 인간 이동중 프로브 할 것이 필수적이다. (예., 움직임의 설명), 운동 역학 (예., 그 원인을 강제 이동)과 근육 활동. 셋째로, 이러한 시스템은 이동 기능을 TMS 펄스를 동기화하고, 복잡한 운동 기능에 기초한 기준에 의해 트리거 될 수 있어야한다. 이러한 시스템은 대뇌 피질의 기능과 운동과 운동의 역학 사이의 필수적인 연결을 제공 할 것입니다. 이 원고는 TMS와 모션 캡쳐의 방법을 통합하는 독특한 접근 방식을 자세히 설명합니다. 이 방법은 복잡한 다중 관절 운동 역학의 상세한 분석이 가능하고, 이동 (즉, 운동학, 동력학, 또는 근육 활동)의 특정 기능을 트리거 TMS 펄스 제어를 자동화 허용한다. 또한,이 데이터 ACQuisition 시스템은 TMS와 모션 캡쳐가 visuo 모터 또는 감각 작업을 필요로 실험 패러다임과 통합 할 수 있습니다. 이 원고는 TMS 인간 이동 수집 및 분석을 결합 할 목적으로 일반적으로 사용되는 모션 캡쳐 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 시스템을 통합하는 혁신적인 방법을 자세히. 데이터는 평면 다 관절 운동시 인간의 대뇌 피질 기능의 샘플 연구를 사용되게됩니다. 실험을 수행하는 데 필요한 소프트웨어 스크립트를 다운로드 할 수 있습니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Polhemus FASTRAK</td><td>Polhemus Inc.</td><td></td><td>6 degrees of freedom electromagnetic motion tracking device with 4 sensors</td></tr><tr><td>Presentation</td><td>Neurobehavioural Systems Inc.</td><td></td><td>A fully programmable software for experiments involving data acquisition and stimulus delivery</td></tr><tr><td>Cutom built Exoskeleton</td><td>80/20 Inc. - The industrial erector set</td><td>Varies</td><td>Various parts used to build the exoskeleton</td></tr><tr><td>Brainsight</td><td>Rogue Research Inc.</td><td></td><td>Neuronavigation software to track coil position throughout the experiment</td></tr></tbody></table>

combining multiple data acquisition systems to study corticospinal output and multi-segment biomechanics

Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use of TMS to study human movement, has been limited by the challenges related to precisely timing the delivery of TMS to features of the unfolding movement and, also, by accurately characterizing kinematics and kinetics. To overcome these technical challenges, TMS delivery and acquisition systems should be integrated with an online motion tracking system. The present manuscript details technical innovations that integrate multiple acquisition systems to facilitate and advance the use of TMS to study human movement. Using commercially available software and hardware systems, a step-by-step approach to both the hardware assembly and the software scripts necessary to perform TMS studies triggered by specific features of a movement is provided. The approach is focused on the study of upper limb, planar, multi-joint reaching movements. However, the same integrative system is amenable to a multitude of sophisticated studies of human motor control.

그림 3은 하나의 재판의 결과를 표시합니다. 이 시험에서, 그림 3a는 참가자의 초기 위치를 표시하고, 청각 &#39;이동&#39;큐 후, 참가자는 대상 (예., 최종 위치)에 가능한 한 신속하고 정확하게로 이동했다. 스윕 기반 데이터 수집 소프트웨어 상완 이두근 근 EMG의 발병에 기초 TMS 펄스를 트리거. 이 작업의 성능 동안 특정 시간에 평가되는 상부...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics at JoVE.com

Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics

The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study human motor control requires the integration of data acquisition systems to control TMS delivery and simultaneously record human behavior. The present manuscript provides a detailed methodology for integrating data acquisition systems for the purpose of investigating human movement via TMS.

여러 데이터 수집 시스템을 결합하면 피질 출력 및 멀티 세그먼트 역학을 연구하는

Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use ...

combining-multiple-data-acquisition-systems-to-study-corticospinal

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Behavior

6.9K 조회수.  McMaster University. The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study human motor control requires the integration of data acquisition systems to control TMS delivery and simultaneously record human behavior. The present manuscript provides a detailed methodology for integrating data acquisition systems for the purpose of investigating human movement via TMS. 

비디오: Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disorder, which produces profound deficits in volitional motor control. Following medical stabilization, recovery from SCI typically involves long term rehabilitation. While recovery of walking ability is a primary goal in many patients early after injury, those with a motor incomplete SCI, indicating partial preservation of volitional control, may have the sufficient residual descending pathways necessary to attain this goal. However, despite physical interventions, motor impairments including weakness, and the manifestation of abnormal involuntary reflex activity, called spasticity or spasms, are thought to contribute to reduced walking recovery. Doctrinaire thought suggests that remediation of this abnormal motor reflexes associated with SCI will produce functional benefits to the patient. For example, physicians and therapists will provide specific pharmacological or physical interventions directed towards reducing spasticity or spasms, although there continues to be little empirical data suggesting that these strategies improve walking ability.
In the past few decades, accumulating data has suggested that specific neuromodulatory agents, including agents which mimic or facilitate the actions of the monoamines, including serotonin (5HT) and norepinephrine (NE), can initiate or augment walking behaviors in animal models of SCI. Interestingly, many of these agents, particularly 5HTergic agonists, can markedly increase spinal excitability, which in turn also increases reflex activity in these animals. Counterintuitive to traditional theories of recovery following human SCI, the empirical evidence from basic science experiments suggest that this reflex hyper excitability and generation of locomotor behaviors are driven in parallel by neuromodulatory inputs (5HT) and may be necessary for functional recovery following SCI. 
The application of this novel concept derived from basic scientific studies to promote recovery following human SCI would appear to be seamless, although the direct translation of the findings can be extremely challenging. Specifically, in the animal models, an implanted catheter facilitates delivery of very specific 5HT agonist compounds directly onto the spinal circuitry. The translation of this technique to humans is hindered by the lack of specific surgical techniques or available pharmacological agents directed towards 5HT receptor subtypes that are safe and effective for human clinical trials. However, oral administration of commonly available 5HTergic agents, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may be a viable option to increase central 5HT concentrations in order to facilitate walking recovery in humans. Systematic quantification of how these SSRIs modulate human motor behaviors following SCI, with a specific focus on strength, reflexes, and the recovery of walking ability, are missing.
This video demonstration is a progressive attempt to systematically and quantitatively assess the modulation of reflex activity, volitional strength and ambulation following the acute oral administration of an SSRI in human SCI. Agents are applied on single days to assess the immediate effects on motor function in this patient population, with long-term studies involving repeated drug administration combined with intensive physical interventions.

This video demonstrates modulation of reflex activity, volitional strength and ambulation through clinical and quantitative assessments in individuals with motor incomplete SCI as a result of acute oral administration of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

인간의 불완전 SCI에 모터 기능에 Pharmacologically 유도 수선을 계량하는 방법

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disorder, which produces profound deficits in volitional motor control. Following medical stabilization, ...

연구

의학

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Recent studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal human walking. Part of this evidence encompasses studies, including our previous work, demonstrating that gait kinematics and limb coordination during treadmill walking can be inferred from the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) with reasonably high decoding accuracies. These results provide impetus for development of non-invasive brain-machine-interface (BMI) systems for use in restoration and/or augmentation of gait- a primary goal of rehabilitation research. To date, studies examining EEG decoding of activity during gait have been limited to treadmill walking in a controlled environment. However, to be practically viable a BMI system must be applicable for use in everyday locomotor tasks such as over ground walking and turning. Here, we present a novel protocol for non-invasive collection of brain activity (EEG), muscle activity (electromyography (EMG)), and whole-body kinematic data (head, torso, and limb trajectories) during both treadmill and over ground walking tasks. By collecting these data in the uncontrolled environment insight can be gained regarding the feasibility of decoding unconstrained gait and surface EMG from scalp EEG.

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Development of an effective brain-machine-interface (BMI) system for restoration and rehabilitation of bipedal locomotion requires accurate decoding of user's intent. Here we present a novel experimental protocol and data collection technique for simultaneous non-invasive acquisition of neural activity, muscle activity, and whole-body kinematics during various locomotion tasks and conditions.

동시에 두피 뇌파 (EEG), 근전도 (EMG), 멀티 모달 신경 디코딩을위한 전체 몸 분절 관성 기록

Recent  studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal  human walking. Part of this evidence  encompasses studies, ...

행동분석학

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone else's action becomes anticipatory simulation of a complementary act. TMS was delivered to the left primary motor cortex corresponding to the hand to induce the highest level of MEP activity from the abductor digiti minimi (ADM; the muscle serving little finger abduction) as well as the first dorsal interosseus (FDI; the muscle serving index finger flexion/extension) muscles. A neuronavigation system was used to maintain the position of the TMS coil, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the right ADM and FDI muscles. Producing original data with regard to motor resonance, the combined TMS/MEP technique has taken research on the perception-action coupling mechanism a step further. Specifically, it has answered the questions of how and when observing another person's actions produces motor facilitation in an onlooker's corresponding muscles and in what way corticospinal excitability is modulated in social contexts.

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, neuronavigation, and registration of electromyographic activity of hand muscles were used in this study to explore corticospinal excitability while participants were observing action sequences.

행동 관찰 중 코르티코피날 흥분성 변조

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone ...

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, Motion Capture, and Virtual Reality

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular function include transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and three-dimensional motion capture. The advent of readily available and cost-effective virtual reality solutions has expanded the capabilities of researchers in recreating &#8220;real-world&#8221; environments and movements in a laboratory setting. Naturalistic movement analysis will not only garner a greater understanding of motor control in healthy individuals, but also permit the design of experiments and rehabilitation strategies that target specific motor impairments (e.g. stroke). The combined use of these tools will lead to increasingly deeper understanding of neural mechanisms of motor control. A key requirement when combining these data acquisition systems is fine temporal correspondence between the various data streams. This protocol describes a multifunctional system&#8217;s overall connectivity, intersystem signaling, and the temporal synchronization of recorded data. Synchronization of the component systems is primarily accomplished through the use of a customizable circuit, readily made with off the shelf components and minimal electronics assembly skills.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and 3D motion capture are commonly used non-invasive techniques for investigating neuromuscular function in humans. In this paper, we describe a protocol that synchronously samples data generated by all three of these tools along with the unique addition of virtual reality stimulus presentation and feedback.

경 두개 자기 자극, 근전도, 모션 캡쳐, 가상 현실을 이용하여 인간의 모터 제어 유학을위한 다기능 설치

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular ...

Substantiating Appropriate Motion Capture Techniques for the Assessment of Nordic Walking Gait and Posture in Older Adults

Nordic walking (NW) has become a safe and simple form of exercise in recent years, and in studying this gait pattern, various data collection techniques have been employed, each with positives and negatives. The aim was to determine the effect of NW on older adult gait and posture and to determine optimal use of different data collection systems in both short and long duration analysis. Gait and posture during NW and normal walking were assessed in 17 healthy older adults (age: 69 &#177; 7.3). Participants performed two trials of 6 Minute Walk Tests (6MWT) (1 with poles (WP) and 1 without poles (NP)) and 6 trials of a 5m walk (3 WP and 3 NP). Motion was recorded using two systems, a 6-sensor accelerometry system and an 8-camera 3-dimensional motion capture system, in order to quantify spatial-temporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters.
With both systems, participants demonstrated increased stride length and double support and decreased gait speed and cadence WP compared to NP (p &#60;0.05). Also, with motion capture, larger single support time was found WP (p &#60;0.05). With 3-D capture, smaller hip power generation and moments of force were found at heel contact and pre-swing as well as smaller knee power absorption at heel contact, pre-swing, and terminal swing WP compared to NP, when assessed over one cycle (p &#60;0.05). Also, WP yielded smaller moments of force at heel contact and terminal swing along with larger moments at mid-stance of a gait cycle (p &#60;0.05). No changes were found for posture.
NW seems appropriate for promoting a normal gait pattern in older adults. Three-dimensional motion capture should primarily be used during short duration gait analysis (i.e. single gait cycle), while accelerometry systems should be primarily employed in instances requiring longer duration analysis such as during the 6MWT.

The aim was to substantiate optimal use of data collection techniques for Nordic walking gait and posture analysis. Three-dimensional motion capture should be used during short duration analysis (i.e. single gait cycle), while accelerometry should be employed for longer duration analysis (i.e. repeated cycles) like a 6 Minute Walk Test.

이전 성인의 노르딕 워킹 보행의 평가와 자세에 대한 적절한 모션 캡처 기술을 실증

Nordic walking (NW) has become a safe and simple form of exercise in recent years, and in studying this gait pattern, various data collection techniques ...

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Individuals with sensorimotor pathology e.g., stroke have difficulty executing the common task of rising from sitting and initiating gait (sit-to-walk: STW). Thus, in clinical rehabilitation separation of sit-to-stand and gait initiation - termed sit-to-stand-and-walk (STSW) - is usual. However, a standardized STSW protocol with a clearly defined analytical approach suitable for pathological assessment has yet to be defined.
Hence, a goal-orientated protocol is defined that is suitable for healthy and compromised individuals by requiring the rising phase to be initiated from 120% knee height with a wide base of support independent of lead limb. Optical capture of three-dimensional (3D) segmental movement trajectories, and force platforms to yield two-dimensional (2D) center-of-pressure (COP) trajectories permit tracking of the horizontal distance between COP and whole-body-center-of-mass (BCOM), the decrease of which increases positional stability but is proposed to represent poor dynamic postural control.
BCOM-COP distance is expressed with and without normalization to subjects&#39; leg length. Whilst COP-BCOM distances vary through STSW, normalized data at the key movement events of seat-off and initial toe-off (TO1) during steps 1 and 2 have low intra and inter subject variability in 5 repeated trials performed by 10 young healthy individuals. Thus, comparing COP-BCOM distance at key events during performance of an STSW paradigm between patients with upper motor neuron injury, or other compromised patient groups, and normative data in young healthy individuals is a novel methodology for evaluation of dynamic postural stability.

Here, we present a novel protocol to measure positional stability at key events during the sit-to-stand-to-walk using the center-of-pressure to the whole-body-center-of-mass distance. This was derived from the force platform and three-dimensional motion-capture technology. The paradigm is reliable and can be utilized for the assessment of neurologically compromised individuals.

앉아 - 투 - 독립 및-거리에 120 % 무릎 높이에서 : 소설 접근을 동적 자세 제어 독립적 인 리드 사지의 평가에

Individuals with sensorimotor pathology e.g., stroke have difficulty executing the common task of rising from sitting and initiating gait (sit-to-walk: ...

3D Kinematic Gait Analysis for Preclinical Studies in Rodents

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of complex algorithms and mathematical modeling that accompany 3D data collection and analysis procedures. This work provides a simple, user-friendly, step-by-step detailed methodology for 3D kinematic gait analysis during treadmill locomotion in healthy and neurotraumatic rats using a six-camera motion capture system. Also provided are details on 1) calibration of the system in an experimental set-up customized for quadrupedal locomotion, 2) data collection for treadmill locomotion in adult rats using markers positioned on all four limbs, 3) options available for video tracking and processing, and 4) basic 3D kinematic data generation and visualization and quantification of data using the built-in data collection software. Finally, it is suggested that the utility of this motion capture system be expanded to studying a variety of motor behaviors before and after neurotrauma.

Presented here is a protocol to collect and analyze three-dimensional kinematics of quadrupedal locomotion in rodents for preclinical studies.

설치류의 전임상 연구를 위한 3D 운동걸음걸이 분석

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of ...

정량적 움직임-근육 활동 평가를 위한 VR과 바이오센서 통합

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

The ability to move allows us to interact with the world. When this ability is impaired, it can significantly reduce one's quality of life and independence and may lead to complications. The importance of remote patient evaluation and rehabilitation has recently grown due to limited access to in-person services. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly resulted in strict regulations, reducing access to non-emergent healthcare services. Additionally, remote care offers an opportunity to address healthcare disparities in rural, underserved, and low-income areas where access to services remains limited. 
Improving accessibility through remote care options would limit the number of hospital or specialist visits and render routine care more affordable. Finally, the use of readily available commercial consumer electronics for at-home care can enhance patient outcomes due to improved quantitative observation of symptoms, treatment efficacy, and therapy dosage. While remote care is a promising means to address these issues, there is a crucial need to quantitatively characterize motor impairment for such applications. The following protocol seeks to address this knowledge gap to enable clinicians and researchers to obtain high-resolution data on complex movement and underlying muscle activity. The ultimate goal is to develop a protocol for remote administration of functional clinical tests. 
Here, participants were instructed to perform a medically-inspired Box and Block task (BBT), which is frequently used to assess hand function. This task requires subjects to transport standardized cubes between two compartments separated by a barrier. We implemented a modified BBT in virtual reality to demonstrate the potential of developing remote assessment protocols. Muscle activation was captured for each subject using surface electromyography. This protocol allowed for the acquisition of high-quality data to better characterize movement impairment in a detailed and quantitative manner. Ultimately, these data have the potential to be used to develop protocols for virtual rehabilitation and remote patient monitoring.

저자 스포트라이트: Enhancing Remote Rehabilitation with Virtual Reality and Electromyography

The protocol described here aims to enhance the quantitative evaluation of upper limb deficits, with the goal of developing additional technology for remote assessment both in the clinic and at home. Virtual reality and biosensor technologies are combined with standard clinical techniques to provide insights into the functioning of the neuromuscular system.

여러 데이터 수집 시스템을 결합하면 피질 출력 및 멀티 세그먼트 역학을 연구하는

요약

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인간의 불완전 SCI에 모터 기능에 Pharmacologically 유도 수선을 계량하는 방법

동시에 두피 뇌파 (EEG), 근전도 (EMG), 멀티 모달 신경 디코딩을위한 전체 몸 분절 관성 기록

행동 관찰 중 코르티코피날 흥분성 변조

경 두개 자기 자극, 근전도, 모션 캡쳐, 가상 현실을 이용하여 인간의 모터 제어 유학을위한 다기능 설치

이전 성인의 노르딕 워킹 보행의 평가와 자세에 대한 적절한 모션 캡처 기술을 실증

앉아 - 투 - 독립 및-거리에 120 % 무릎 높이에서 : 소설 접근을 동적 자세 제어 독립적 인 리드 사지의 평가에

설치류의 전임상 연구를 위한 3D 운동걸음걸이 분석

Virtual Modified Box and Block Test 중 동작 및 근육 활동의 정량적 평가를 위한 설정

Virtual Modified Box and Block Test 중 동작 및 근육 활동의 정량적 평가를 위한 설정

Virtual Modified Box and Block Test 중 동작 및 근육 활동의 정량적 평가를 위한 설정