Name: a networked desktop virtual reality setup for decision science and navigation experiments with multiple participants
Uploaded: 2018-08-26T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 28 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Networked Desktop Virtual Reality Setup for Decision Science and Navigation Experiments with Multiple Participants at JoVE.com

该代表的研究由瑞士国家科学基金会资助, 作为赠款 "导向社会环境" (100014_162428) 的一部分。我们要感谢 m. Moussaid 有见地的讨论。我们还要感谢 c. 威廉、f. 泰勒、h. Abdelrahman、s Madjiheurem、a Ingold 和 Grossrieder 在软件开发期间的工作。

这里描述的所有方法都已被瑞士联邦研究伦理委员会批准, 作为提案的一部分, 克朗 2015-N-37。
1. 征聘参加计划的实验性会议的与会者。
<ol><li>使用参与者招聘系统, 在特定的限制条件下 (例如, 年龄、性别、教育背景) 对参与者进行抽样。</li>
	<li>使用招聘系统提供的联系信息, 通过电子邮件将邀请发送给随机选定的参与者。</li>
	<li>等待这些参与者通过在线系统注册。确保更多的参加者比要求 (e., 4 超额参加者为需要36人的会议) 登记。超额预订的参与者有助于确保在没有显示的情况下会话是可行的。</li>
	<li>确保自动向注册参与者发送确认电子邮件。</li>
</ol>2. 准备实验性会议。
<ol><li>准备实验室环境。<ol>
<li>从招聘系统中打印参与者列表。</li>
		<li>打开 DeSciL 控制室的服务器和灯, 根据所需的参与者数量组织测试室。</li>
		<li>在网络驱动器上复制可执行的实验程序及其相应的配置文件。这个可执行程序部署一个基于统一游戏引擎的定制编写的软件框架, 通过局域网支持不同计算机之间的客户端与服务器之间的通信。在导航实验中, 该框架提供了一种鸟瞰观察服务器系统, 用于监视客户端在实验过程中的行为。</li>
		<li>在 Windows 桌面上打开 PowerShell 集成脚本环境。在 PowerShell 控制台中, 指定一组计算机名称 (例如, $pool = "descil-w01"、"descil-w02") 来创建客户端池对象。接下来, 键入启动池 $pool以启动客户端计算机和注册池 $pool将服务器连接到客户端计算机。</li>
		<li>在启动程序之前, 准备客户端上的计算机。类型调用-池 {装入 NetworkShare $path}以指示计算机输入正确的文件夹路径。</li>
		<li>在服务器上 (i. e. GameServer) 和客户端 (i. e,调用池 {启动-GameClient}) 上执行准备好的函数。将服务器的 IP 地址指定为函数的参数。</li>
		<li>在服务器监视器上等待指示连接成功的消息。</li>
		<li>在每个隔间分发同意表格和钢笔。同意表格包含有关研究的信息 (例如,研究的目的, 试验的潜在风险和好处), 实验者的联系信息和法律免责声明。</li>
		<li>洗牌座位卡的甲板上, 表明与会者的座位安排。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>欢迎参加者。<ol>
<li>让参与者在实验室外面等。5分钟前正式开始时间, 检查参与者的身份证明文件, 以确保他们符合注册参与者的名单。同时, 让参与者挑选一张标明座位号码的卡片。让参与者步行到相应的隔间, 等待实验开始。</li>
		<li>等待几分钟的参与者阅读和签署同意表格。在进行实验之前收集这些表格。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. 进行实验。
<ol><li>用麦克风向所有参与者广播实验指令。通知他们基本规则, 包括不与其他参与者交流, 也不允许使用个人电子设备。请参加者举手, 如果他们对实验有任何疑问。</li>
	<li>通过向每个客户提交人口调查问卷 (例如, 性别和年龄) 开始实验。</li>
	<li>部署培训场景, 教学员如何在虚拟环境中进行机动操作。如果参与者在使用控制接口时遇到问题 (例如, 鼠标和键盘), 请向他们的隔间走, 以帮助他们。通过请求所有客户端的截图 (i., 在 PowerShell 控制台上键入"获取-截图") 继续监视参与者的进度, 直到所有参与者都完成了培训课程。</li>
	<li>训练结束后, 开始实验的测试阶段。从服务器计算机上的鸟眼界面观察参与者的行为。如果他们正在做一些反常的事情, 通过点击他们的头像, 向参与者发送警告消息。否则, 在实验过程中尽量不要干扰参与者。</li>
	<li>确保每次试用前都有一个简短的等待期, 以便加载下一场景并允许参与者阅读说明。</li>
</ol>4. 完成实验。
<ol><li>通过在 PowerShell 控制台中键入停止 GameClient和停止 GameServer , 关闭服务器和客户端程序。</li>
	<li>让参与者保持坐姿, 直到他们的号码通过麦克风呼叫。</li>
	<li>从服务器计算机上的项目文件夹中的文件 "Score.txt" 中提取参与者的最终分数, 并将其分数转换为货币付款。</li>
	<li>每次拨打一个小隔间号码, 并在前台接待每位与会者。感谢与会者, 并给予他们相应的付款。</li>
	<li>检查隔间并收集剩余的钢笔或表单。</li>
	<li>将实验数据从服务器复制并保存到外部磁盘, 以便将来进行分析。</li>
</ol>

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作者没有什么可透露的。

在本文中, 我们描述了一个多用户桌面虚拟现实实验室, 其中多达36个参与者可以交互和同时浏览各种虚拟环境。实验协议详细介绍了此类研究所需的步骤以及对多用户方案的独特性。这些方案的具体考虑包括出席人数、看似小的实验者错误的成本、渲染和网络能力 (服务器和客户端)、与控制界面的培训以及数据安全。预定参加者是必要的, 以确保在一个实验性会议的确切数目的参与者。如果参加?...

空间认知与导航研究通常研究空间决策 (例如, 在交叉路口向左或向右拐) 和真实和虚拟环境中个体的心理表征1,2。虚拟现实的优点包括防止道德和安全问题 (例如, 在危险的疏散期间3), 对空间数据的自动测量和分析4, 以及平衡的内部和外部有效性5,6,7。例如, 韦斯伯格和同事对空间知识获取的个体差异进行了以往的研究, 证明虚拟现实中的空间任务可以为空间能力提供客观的行为测度8。本研究还建议 VR 中的导航行为近似于现实世界的导航, 因为虚拟环境是在 Schinazi 和同事9所使用的大学校园之后建模的 (也可以参见红土和同事的研究10). VR 也被应用到心理治疗11, 临床评估12, 消费者行为13和手术14,15。然而, 大多数 VR 系统缺乏本体和音频反馈, 可能改善存在和浸入16,17,18,19, 需要训练与控制接口20 ,21,22, 缺乏社会线索。事实上, 现实世界中的人们经常在23组中移动, 避免或跟随其他人3,24, 根据社会背景25,26做出决定。
同时, 对人群行为的研究往往集中在计算机上模拟或在现实世界中观察到的人群 (如车道形成、瓶颈拥塞) 的紧急特征。例如, Helbing 和同事们使用了真实世界的观测和计算机模拟的结合, 以建议通过将流入和流出与物理屏障分开, 并将障碍物置于中心27。Moussaïd 和同事们使用一种基于启发式的模型来研究在28人群灾难中高密度的情况。这种方法建议改善群众活动的环境设置, 以避免人群灾害。在现有开源框架的帮助下, 这种模拟的实施可能相对容易。SteerSuite 是一个开源框架, 允许用户通过提供方便、基准和测试29的工具轻松地模拟转向算法和人群行为。这个框架可以提供一个代理的导航原理的核心, 这是成功的人群模拟的关键。此外, 辛格和同事展示了一个单一的平台, 结合了各种转向技术30。虽然研究人员可以使用这种模拟来提出设计干预, 但在受控环境中很少对人类参与者进行验证。对照实验在人群研究中是罕见的, 因为它们很难组织, 对参与者来说是危险的。
VR 已被用来调查社会行为使用简单和复杂的虚拟环境与一个或多个计算机模拟代理。在对预兆和同事31,32的研究中, 参与者被要求从自上而下的角度从一个简单的虚拟环境中疏散几个代理, 发现退出选择受到静态标志和动机的影响。Kinateder 和同事们从一个人的角度向参与者展示了一个更加复杂的环境, 他们发现参与者在逃离虚拟隧道火灾25的过程中更有可能跟随一个计算机模拟代理。在一个复杂的虚拟环境中, 有多个代理, 德鲁德和同事发现, 参加者在疏散时倾向于协助倒下的特工, 当他们发现26人群时。总的来说, 这些发现表明 VR 可以是一种有效的方式来诱发社会行为, 甚至与计算机模拟的代理人。然而, 只有当有一个现实的社会信号 (如, 当参与者知道其他化身是由人控制的3) 时, 某些人群行为才会被观察到。为了解决这一缺点, 本议定书描述了一种在网络虚拟现实设置中进行多用户控制实验的方法。Moussaid 和同事最近进行的一项研究中使用了这种方法, 以调查36名网络参与者3的疏散行为。
对网络虚拟现实的研究重点放在与导航策略无关的主题33、34和/或依赖于现有的在线游戏平台, 如第二人生。例如, Molka-丹尼尔森和 Chabada 利用第二生命35的现有用户中招募的参与者, 调查撤离选择和建筑空间知识方面的疏散行为。虽然作者提供了一些描述性的结果 (例如, 轨迹的可视化), 这项研究在参与者的招募, 实验控制, 和泛化以外的具体情况下有困难。最近, Normoyle 和同事发现, 在实验室中, 第二生命和参与者的现有用户在疏散性能和退出选择方面可比, 在自我报告的存在和对控制的挫折方面不同。接口36。这两项研究的结果突出了在线和实验室实验提供的一些挑战和机会。在线学习可以从一个更大和有积极性的潜在参与者的人群中吸取。然而, 实验室研究允许更多的实验性控制的物理环境和潜在的分心。此外, 在线研究可能会对数据匿名和保密性造成一些伦理上的关注。
作为一个网络化的桌面 VR 实验室, 苏黎世的决策科学实验室 (DeSciL) 主要用于研究在受控环境中的经济决策和战略互动。DeSciL 的技术基础设施包括硬件、实验室自动化软件和支持多用户桌面 VR 设置的软件。硬件包括具有 Microsoft Windows 10 企业操作系统的高性能台式计算机、控制接口 (例如, 鼠标和键盘、游戏杆)、耳机和眼睛跟踪器 (材料表)。所有客户端计算机都用一个千兆字节每秒的以太网连接到大学网络和相同的网络文件共享。当有36个客户端连接时, 没有可见的延迟或滞后。每秒帧数始终在100以上。实验还通过基于 Microsoft PowerShell (即PowerShell 所需的状态配置和 PowerShell 远程处理) 的实验室自动化软件进行管理和控制。该协议的所有相关步骤都是预先编写的, PowerShell 脚本称为 cmdlet (例如, 启动计算机, 停止计算机)。在实验过程中, 这些脚本可以在所有客户端计算机上同时和远程执行。这类实验室自动化确保了客户端计算机的相同状态, 减少了科学测试过程中的潜在错误和复杂性, 并防止研究人员不得不执行重复的手动任务。对于导航实验, 我们使用统一游戏引擎 (< https://unity3d.com/>), 以支持为多用户, 交互式桌面 VR 的2D 和3D 环境的发展。36台客户端计算机通过权威服务器体系结构连接到服务器。每次实验开始时, 每个客户端都会向服务器发送一个实例化请求, 服务器通过在所有连接的计算机上为该用户实例化一个头像来响应。每个用户的头像有一个50度视野的相机。在整个实验过程中, 客户端向服务器发送用户输入, 服务器更新所有客户端的移动。
在物理实验室中, 每台计算机都包含在三个半独立房间 (图 1) 中的一个单独的隔间中。实验室的整体大小是 170 m2 (150 m2为实验室和 20 m2为控制室)。每间客房均配备有录音和录像设备。实验由一个单独的相邻房间 (i. e) 控制, 通过提供指示和启动实验程序。在这个控制室里, 实验者还可以观察物理和虚拟环境中的参与者。DeSciL 还与苏黎世大学的经济系合作, 为研究参与者设立了大学登记中心, 该培训中心是基于 h 根37实施的。
虽然类似的系统已经在文献38中描述, DeSciL 是第一个功能实验室, 适合多用户桌面 VR 实验的导航和人群行为, 我们的知识。在这里, 我们描述了在 DeSciL 进行实验的协议, 这是一个关于社会导航行为的研究的代表结果, 并讨论了这个系统的潜力和局限性。

<table><tbody><tr><td>PC</td><td>Lenovo</td><td>IdeaCentre AIO 700</td><td>24&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo; screen, 16 GB RAM, and SSDs. CPU: Intel core i7. GPU:NVidia GeForce GTX 950A</td></tr><tr><td>Keyboard</td><td>Lenovo</td><td>LXH-EKB-10YA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mouse</td><td>Lenovo</td><td>SM-8825</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eye tracker</td><td>Tobii Technology</td><td>Tobii EyeX</td><td>Data rate: 60 Hz. Tracking screen size: Up to 27&amp;Prime;</td></tr><tr><td>Communication audio system</td><td>Biamp Systems</td><td>Networked paging station - 1</td><td>Ethernet:100BaseTX</td></tr></tbody></table>

a networked desktop virtual reality setup for decision science and navigation experiments with multiple participants

研究多参与者之间的相互作用对不同学科的研究者来说是一个挑战, 包括决策科学和空间认知。通过局域网和专用软件平台, 实验者可以有效地监控参与者的行为, 同时沉浸在桌面虚拟环境中, 并数字化收集的数据。这些功能允许在空间认知和导航研究中进行实验设计, 这在现实世界中很难 (如果不是不可能的话) 进行。可能的实验性变化包括在疏散时的压力, 合作和竞争性搜索任务, 以及其他可能影响紧急人群行为的语境因素。然而, 这样一个实验室需要维护和严格的协议, 数据收集在一个受控的设置。虽然实验室研究与人类参与者的外部有效性有时受到质疑, 但最近的一些论文表明, 真实和虚拟环境之间的对应关系, 可能足以研究社会行为, 从轨迹, 犹豫和空间决定。在本文中, 我们描述了一个在一个网络桌面虚拟现实设置 (i., 决策科学实验室或 DeSciL) 上进行决策和导航实验的方法, 多达36名参与者。该实验协议可以由其他研究人员进行修改和应用, 以建立一个网络化的桌面虚拟现实实验室。

对于每一次试验中的每个客户, DeSciL 中的实验数据通常包括轨迹、时间戳和性能度量 (例如, 参与者是否在某个交叉路口打开 "正确" 方向)。一项代表性的研究调查了在简单的 Y 形虚拟环境中, 在人类参与者 (虚拟化身) 的人群中, 标志复杂度对路线选择的影响。在这个实验中, 28 名参与者 (12 名妇女和16男子; 平均年龄 = 22.5) 被赋予相同的目标位置 (i. e., 门号), 并...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Networked Desktop Virtual Reality Setup for Decision Science and Navigation Experiments with Multiple Participants at JoVE.com

A Networked Desktop Virtual Reality Setup for Decision Science and Navigation Experiments with Multiple Participants

本文介绍了一种利用网络化计算机实验室进行多用户决策和导航实验的方法。

面向多参与者的决策科学与导航实验的网络化桌面虚拟现实设置

Investigating the interactions among multiple participants is a challenge for researchers from various disciplines, including the decision sciences and ...

a-networked-desktop-virtual-reality-setup-for-decision-science

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

5.9K 次观看.  ETH Zürich. 本文介绍了一种利用网络化计算机实验室进行多用户决策和导航实验的方法。

视频: A Networked Desktop Virtual Reality Setup for Decision Science and Navigation Experiments with Multiple Participants

Human Fear Conditioning Conducted in Full Immersion 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality 

Fear conditioning is a widely used paradigm in non-human animal research to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying fear and anxiety. A major challenge in conducting conditioning studies in humans is the ability to strongly manipulate or simulate the environmental contexts that are associated with conditioned emotional behaviors. In this regard, virtual reality (VR) technology is a promising tool. Yet, adapting this technology to meet experimental constraints requires special accommodations. Here we address the methodological issues involved when conducting fear conditioning in a fully immersive 6-sided VR environment and present fear conditioning data.
In the real world, traumatic events occur in complex environments that are made up of many cues, engaging all of our sensory modalities. For example, cues that form the environmental configuration include not only visual elements, but aural, olfactory, and even tactile. In rodent studies of fear conditioning animals are fully immersed in a context that is rich with novel visual, tactile and olfactory cues. However, standard laboratory tests of fear conditioning in humans are typically conducted in a nondescript room in front of a flat or 2D computer screen and do not replicate the complexity of real world experiences. On the other hand, a major limitation of clinical studies aimed at reducing (extinguishing) fear and preventing relapse in anxiety disorders is that treatment occurs after participants have acquired a fear in an uncontrolled and largely unknown context. Thus the experimenters are left without information about the duration of exposure, the true nature of the stimulus, and associated background cues in the environment1. In the absence of this information it can be difficult to truly extinguish a fear that is both cue and context-dependent. Virtual reality environments address these issues by providing the complexity of the real world, and at the same time allowing experimenters to constrain fear conditioning and extinction parameters to yield empirical data that can suggest better treatment options and/or analyze mechanistic hypotheses.
In order to test the hypothesis that fear conditioning may be richly encoded and context specific when conducted in a fully immersive environment, we developed distinct virtual reality 3-D contexts in which participants experienced fear conditioning to virtual snakes or spiders. Auditory cues co-occurred with the CS in order to further evoke orienting responses and a feeling of "presence" in subjects 2 . Skin conductance response served as the dependent measure of fear acquisition, memory retention and extinction.

Human Fear Conditioning Conducted in Full Immersion 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality

Classical fear conditioning paradigm was adapted for human participants in a fully immersive virtual reality setting. Using a discrimination paradigm, conditioned fear, cue and context memory retention, and extinction was measured with skin conductance response to dynamic virtual snakes and spiders (the conditioned stimuli) in two distinct virtual contexts.

人类的恐惧充分浸泡三维虚拟现实中进行的空调

Fear conditioning is a widely used paradigm in non-human animal research to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying fear and anxiety. A major ...

科研

神经科学

Novel 3D/VR Interactive Environment for MD Simulations, Visualization and Analysis

The increasing development of computing (hardware and software) in the last decades has impacted scientific research in many fields including materials science, biology, chemistry and physics among many others. A new computational system for the accurate and fast simulation and 3D/VR visualization of nanostructures is presented here, using the open-source molecular dynamics (MD) computer program LAMMPS. This alternative computational method uses modern graphics processors, NVIDIA CUDA technology and specialized scientific codes to overcome processing speed barriers common to traditional computing methods. In conjunction with a virtual reality system used to model materials, this enhancement allows the addition of accelerated MD simulation capability. The motivation is to provide a novel research environment which simultaneously allows visualization, simulation, modeling and analysis. The research goal is to investigate the structure and properties of inorganic nanostructures (e.g., silica glass nanosprings) under different conditions using this innovative computational system. The work presented outlines a description of the 3D/VR Visualization System and basic components, an overview of important considerations such as the physical environment, details on the setup and use of the novel system, a general procedure for the accelerated MD enhancement, technical information, and relevant remarks. The impact of this work is the creation of a unique computational system combining nanoscale materials simulation, visualization and interactivity in a virtual environment, which is both a research and teaching instrument at UC Merced.

A new computational system featuring GPU-accelerated molecular dynamics simulation and 3D/VR visualization, analysis and manipulation of nanostructures has been implemented, representing a novel approach to advance materials research and promote innovative investigation and alternative methods to learn about material structures with dimensions invisible to the human eye.

新颖的3D / VR互动环境MD模拟，可视化和分析

The increasing development of computing (hardware and software) in the last decades has impacted scientific research in many fields including materials ...

工程学

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional rubber-hand illusion or the more recently discovered enfacement illusion. However, these examples require rather artificial experimental setups, in which the artificial effector needs to be stroked in synchrony with the participants&#39; real hand or face&#8212;a situation in which participants have no control over the stroking or the movements of their real or artificial effector. Here, we describe a technique to establish ownership illusions in a setup that is more realistic, more intuitive, and of presumably higher ecological validity. It allows creating the virtual-hand illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual hand presented on a screen or in virtual space in front of them. If the virtual hand moves in synchrony with the participants&#39; own real hand, they tend to perceive the virtual hand as part of their own body. The technique also creates the virtual-face illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual face in front of them, again with the effect that they tend to perceive the face as their own if it moves in synchrony with their real face. Studying the circumstances that illusions of this sort can be created, increased, or reduced provides important information about how people create and maintain representations of themselves.

Here, we describe virtual-hand and virtual-face illusion paradigms that can be used to study body-related self-perception/-representation. They have already been used in various studies to demonstrate that, under specific conditions, a virtual hand or face can be incorporated into one&#39;s body representation, suggesting that body representations are rather flexible.

创建虚拟手和虚拟面对面幻想调查自我表现

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional ...

行为学

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

Path integration is a process in which self-motion is integrated over time to obtain an estimate of one's current position relative to a starting point 1. Humans can do path integration based exclusively on visual 2-3, auditory 4, or inertial cues 5. However, with multiple cues present, inertial cues - particularly kinaesthetic - seem to dominate 6-7. In the absence of vision, humans tend to overestimate short distances (&lt;5 m) and turning angles (&lt;30&deg;), but underestimate longer ones 5. Movement through physical space therefore does not seem to be accurately represented by the brain.
Extensive work has been done on evaluating path integration in the horizontal plane, but little is known about vertical movement (see 3 for virtual movement from vision alone). One reason for this is that traditional motion simulators have a small range of motion restricted mainly to the horizontal plane. Here we take advantage of a motion simulator 8-9 with a large range of motion to assess whether path integration is similar between horizontal and vertical planes. The relative contributions of inertial and visual cues for path navigation were also assessed.
16 observers sat upright in a seat mounted to the flange of a modified KUKA anthropomorphic robot arm. Sensory information was manipulated by providing visual (optic flow, limited lifetime star field), vestibular-kinaesthetic (passive self motion with eyes closed), or visual and vestibular-kinaesthetic motion cues. Movement trajectories in the horizontal, sagittal and frontal planes consisted of two segment lengths (1st: 0.4 m, 2nd: 1 m; &plusmn;0.24 m/s2 peak acceleration). The angle of the two segments was either 45&deg; or 90&deg;. Observers pointed back to their origin by moving an arrow that was superimposed on an avatar presented on the screen.
Observers were more likely to underestimate angle size for movement in the horizontal plane compared to the vertical planes. In the frontal plane observers were more likely to overestimate angle size while there was no such bias in the sagittal plane. Finally, observers responded slower when answering based on vestibular-kinaesthetic information alone. Human path integration based on vestibular-kinaesthetic information alone thus takes longer than when visual information is present. That pointing is consistent with underestimating and overestimating the angle one has moved through in the horizontal and vertical planes respectively, suggests that the neural representation of self-motion through space is non-symmetrical which may relate to the fact that humans experience movement mostly within the horizontal plane.

An efficient way to gain insight into how humans navigate themselves in three dimensions is described. The method takes advantage of a motion simulator capable of moving observers in ways unattainable by traditional simulators. Results confirm that movement in the horizontal plane is underestimated, while vertical movement is overestimated.

MPI Cyber​​Motion模拟器：一种新型的运动模拟器的执行情况调查三个维度的多感官的路径积分

Path integration is a process in which self-motion is integrated over time to obtain an estimate of one's current position relative to a starting point 1. ...

Measuring the Kinematics of Daily Living Movements with Motion Capture Systems in Virtual Reality

The inability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a precursor to various neuropsychological diseases. Questionnaire-based assessments of IADL are easy to use but prone to subjective bias. Here, we describe a novel virtual reality (VR) test to assess two complex IADL tasks: handling financial transactions and using public transportation. While a participant performs the tasks in a VR setting, a motion capture system traces the position and orientation of the dominant hand and head in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Kinematic raw data are collected and converted into &#39;kinematic performance measures,&#39; i.e., motion trajectory, moving distance, and time to completion. Motion trajectory is the path of a particular body part (e.g., dominant hand or head) in space. Moving distance refers to the total distance of the trajectory, and time to completion is how long it took to complete an IADL task. These kinematic measures could discriminate patients with cognitive impairment from healthy controls. The development of this kinematic measuring protocol allows detection of early IADL-related cognitive impairments.

We designed a virtual reality test to assess instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) with a motion capture system. We propose a detailed kinematic analysis to interpret the participant&#39;s various movements, including trajectory, moving distance, and time to completion to evaluate IADL capabilities.

虚拟现实中运动捕捉系统的日常生活运动运动学测量

The inability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a precursor to various neuropsychological diseases. Questionnaire-based ...

Virtual Reality Experiments with Physiological Measures

Virtual reality (VR) experiments are increasingly employed because of their internal and external validity compared to real-world observation and laboratory experiments, respectively. VR is especially useful for geographic visualizations and investigations of spatial behavior. In spatial behavior research, VR provides a platform for studying the relationship between navigation and physiological measures (e.g., skin conductance, heart rate, blood pressure). Specifically, physiological measures allow researchers to address novel questions and constrain previous theories of spatial abilities, strategies, and performance. For example, individual differences in navigation performance may be explained by the extent to which changes in arousal mediate the effects of task difficulty. However, the complexities in the design and implementation of VR experiments can distract experimenters from their primary research goals and introduce irregularities in data collection and analysis. To address these challenges, the Experiments in Virtual Environments (EVE) framework includes standardized modules such as participant training with the control interface, data collection using questionnaires, the synchronization of physiological measurements, and data storage. EVE also provides the necessary infrastructure for data management, visualization, and evaluation. The present paper describes a protocol that employs the EVE framework to conduct navigation experiments in VR with physiological sensors. The protocol lists the steps necessary for recruiting participants, attaching the physiological sensors, administering the experiment using EVE, and assessing the collected data with EVE evaluation tools. Overall, this protocol will facilitate future research by streamlining the design and implementation of VR experiments with physiological sensors.

Virtual reality (VR) experiments can be difficult to implement and require meticulous planning. This protocol describes a method for the design and implementation of VR experiments that collect physiological data from human participants. The Experiments in Virtual Environments (EVE) framework is employed to accelerate this process.

用生理学方法进行虚拟现实实验

Virtual reality (VR) experiments are increasingly employed because of their internal and external validity compared to real-world observation and ...

Evaluating Usability Aspects of a Mixed Reality Solution for Immersive Analytics in Industry 4.0 Scenarios

In medicine or industry, the analysis of high-dimensional data sets is increasingly required. However, available technical solutions are often complex to use. Therefore, new approaches like immersive analytics are welcome. Immersive analytics promise to experience high-dimensional data sets in a convenient manner for various user groups and data sets. Technically, virtual-reality devices are used to enable immersive analytics. In Industry 4.0, for example, scenarios like the identification of outliers or anomalies in high-dimensional data sets are pursued goals of immersive analytics. In this context, two important questions should be addressed for any developed technical solution on immersive analytics: First, is the technical solutions being helpful or not? Second, is the bodily experience of the technical solution positive or negative? The first question aims at the general feasibility of a technical solution, while the second one aims at the wearing comfort. Extant studies and protocols, which systematically address these questions are still rare. In this work, a study protocol is presented, which mainly investigates the usability for immersive analytics in Industry 4.0 scenarios. Specifically, the protocol is based on four pillars. First, it categorizes users based on previous experiences. Second, tasks are presented, which can be used to evaluate the feasibility of the technical solution. Third, measures are presented, which quantify the learning effect of a user. Fourth, a questionnaire&#160;evaluates the stress level when performing tasks. Based on these pillars, a technical setting was implemented that uses mixed reality smartglasses to apply the study protocol. The results of the conducted study show the applicability of the protocol on the one hand and the feasibility of immersive analytics in Industry 4.0 scenarios on the other. The presented protocol includes a discussion of discovered limitations.

This protocol delineates the technical setting of a developed mixed reality application that is used for immersive analytics. Based on this, measures are presented, which were used in a study to gain insights into usability aspects of the developed technical solution.

评估工业 4.0 方案中沉浸式分析的混合现实解决方案的可用性方面

In medicine or industry, the analysis of high-dimensional data sets is increasingly required. However, available technical solutions are often complex to ...

基于游戏的探索：解锁人类的空间导航能力

Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise

Spatial navigation (SN) is the ability to locomote through the environment, which requires an understanding of where one is located in time and space. This capacity is known to rely on the sequential firing of place cells within the hippocampus. SN is an important behavior to investigate as this process deteriorates with age, especially in neurodegenerative disorders. However, the investigation of SN is limited by the lack of sophisticated behavioral techniques to assess this hippocampal-dependent task. Therefore, the goal of this protocol was to develop a novel, real-world approach to studying SN in humans. Specifically, an active virtual SN task was developed using a cross-platform game engine. During the encoding phase, participants navigated their way through a virtual city to locate landmarks. During the remembering phase, participants remembered where these reward locations were and delivered items to these locations. Time to find each location was captured and episodic memory was assessed by a free recall phase, including aspects of place, order, item, and association. Movement behavior (x, y, and z coordinates) was assessed through an asset available in the game engine. Importantly, results from this task demonstrate that it accurately captures both spatial learning and memory abilities as well as episodic memory. Further, findings indicate that this task is sensitive to exercise, which improves hippocampal functioning. Overall, the findings suggest a novel way to track human hippocampal functioning over the course of time, with this behavior being sensitive to physical activity training paradigms.

作者聚焦：研究身心运动练习对大脑功能的影响

Here, we present a novel, brief, and active spatial navigation task that assesses both spatial navigation and episodic memory ability. Importantly, spatial navigation and episodic memory were associated with one another, and this task demonstrated sensitivity to exercise.

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

Spatial navigation (SN) is the ability to locomote through the environment, which requires an understanding of where one is located in time and space. ...

面向多参与者的决策科学与导航实验的网络化桌面虚拟现实设置

摘要

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此视频中的章节

人类的恐惧充分浸泡三维虚拟现实中进行的空调

新颖的3D / VR互动环境MD模拟，可视化和分析

创建虚拟手和虚拟面对面幻想调查自我表现

MPI CyberMotion模拟器：一种新型的运动模拟器的执行情况调查三个维度的多感官的路径积分

虚拟现实中运动捕捉系统的日常生活运动运动学测量

用生理学方法进行虚拟现实实验

评估工业 4.0 方案中沉浸式分析的混合现实解决方案的可用性方面

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

面向多参与者的决策科学与导航实验的网络化桌面虚拟现实设置

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

人类的恐惧充分浸泡三维虚拟现实中进行的空调

新颖的3D / VR互动环境MD模拟，可视化和分析

创建虚拟手和虚拟面对面幻想调查自我表现

MPI Cyber​​Motion模拟器：一种新型的运动模拟器的执行情况调查三个维度的多感官的路径积分

虚拟现实中运动捕捉系统的日常生活运动运动学测量

用生理学方法进行虚拟现实实验

评估工业 4.0 方案中沉浸式分析的混合现实解决方案的可用性方面

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

MPI CyberMotion模拟器：一种新型的运动模拟器的执行情况调查三个维度的多感官的路径积分