Name: generation of size-controlled poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate droplets via semi-3-dimensional flow focusing microfluidic devices
Uploaded: 2018-07-03T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 11 min 8 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了深圳基础研究经费的支持 (批准号:JCYJ 20150630170146829, JCYJ20160531195439665 和 JCYJ20160317152359560)。作者要感谢中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院的教授, 为支持。

1. 模具制造
<ol><li>使用绘图软件设计两个光掩膜。描述微通道结构的轮廓, 并在同一绘图文件中使用两个单独的掩码1和2层, 以确保不同通道之间的所有连接。打印不同的层独立于玻璃上的铬板由供应商与1µm 分辨率。确保光掩膜是黑暗的, 透明设计的结构, 作为一个负极性。 注:掩模1包含分散的相进通道和孔。掩码2包含连续相进通道、过滤器和插座。</li>
	<li>在指定的光刻实验室, 清洁一个3英寸直径的硅片。将晶片放在旋转涂布机上, 打开真空, 将晶片贴在旋转卡盘上。自旋涂层2-3 毫升的 SU-8 2025 负光刻胶到硅片上十年代在 1000 rpm, 然后三十年代在 3000 rpm, 提供第一层厚度的20µm。</li>
	<li>软烘烤95°c 热板6分钟。涂层后的晶片冷却到室温 (RT), 暴露它通过面具1下的准直15兆瓦/cm2, 365 nm 紫外线十八年代. 曝光后, 烘烤95摄氏度热板6分钟, 然后让晶片冷却到 RT。</li>
	<li>重复自旋涂层过程。将2-3 毫升的 SU-8 2100 负光刻胶在硅片上, 十年代在 1000 rpm, 然后三十年代在 2000 rpm, 提供第二层厚度130µm。在软的烘烤在95°c 热板为35分钟之后, 安置面具2在第二层光刻胶揭露三十年代, 与分散的相位渠道层数是一致的由紫外光刻。曝光后, 烘烤95摄氏度热板7分钟。</li>
	<li>通过浸泡在50毫升丙二醇甲醚醋酸盐的搅拌浴中, 开发该晶片, 直到晶圆上的特征变得清晰, 然后用乙醇清洗。最后, 将晶片放在恒温平台上, 进行2小时的硬烘烤。</li>
</ol>2. Semi-3D 流聚焦微流控芯片制造
<ol><li>将该单体及其固化剂与顶部和底层的重量比略有不同, 通常为顶层 10:1, 8:1 为底层, 使用自动软膏搅拌器4分钟。 注:顶部和底部的基板是以略微不同的比例 (分别为10:1 和 8:1), 以固化剂为基础, 增强了粘结强度。当选择底部层的5:1 比时, 较硬的底板, 使对准困难, 并降低粘结强度由于缺乏灵活性。此外, 在适应显微镜工作距离的情况下, 底板的厚度约为1毫米。当选择15:1 比时, 芯片容易在高压下变形。</li>
	<li>将混合物倒入90毫米培养皿中完成的硅模具中, 并提供 2 ~ 3 毫米的厚度. 把它放在真空室里, 加德德, 直到所有气泡消失。在烤箱中治疗1小时80摄氏度。</li>
	<li>让它冷却到 RT. 使用手术刀切割设备至少3毫米以外的特点, 并慢慢剥离从硅片上的基片。使用0.75 毫米直径冲床, 在上一层中的分散相入口、连续相入口和出口处打孔。</li>
	<li>用胶带清洗该硅烷, 去除灰尘微粒。在 300 W 等离子清洗机中, 等离子同时对顶部和底部的两层都进行2分钟的处理。将顶层放在底层表面, 相对滑动曲面, 直到特征通过立体声显微镜对齐查看。</li>
	<li>在120摄氏度的烤箱中固化一天, 以提高强度和完整的粘合。</li>
</ol>3. 试剂制备
<ol><li>通过溶解18体积% 硅基非离子表面活性剂, 制备连续相的溶液: 烷。</li>
	<li>准备分散阶段的解决方案: 亲水性聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯 (PEGDA, 兆瓦 255,) 含有 2-羟基 4 '-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (98%, 兆瓦 224) 在浓度为5毫克/毫升作为照片引发剂, 和罗丹明 B (95%, 兆瓦 479.01), 浓度为1毫摩尔/升为荧光染料。</li>
	<li>用连续相填充气动压力控制器的1毫升储层。填充200µL 凝胶加载尖端与分散的阶段。</li>
</ol>4. 系统准备
<ol><li>将 semi-3D 微流控装置放在倒置光学显微镜的舞台上, 用高速相机观看。</li>
	<li>将氟化乙烯 (FEP) 管连接到连续相的冲孔孔上, 附加一个短的不锈钢管, 然后将凝胶加载尖端的末端插入到分散相的冲孔孔中。将20厘米长的 FEP 管插入设备的插座中, 并将末端放置在15毫升离心管中。 注:系统的配置如图 1所示。</li>
</ol>5. 液滴形成
<ol><li>将设备放在倒置显微镜工作台上, 确保不同通道的接合处大致位于显微镜光源的位置。将倒置显微镜聚焦于包含两相相交、孔区和下游通道的区域。</li>
	<li>设定两个阶段的压力, 使用气压控制器将流体缓慢地输送到相交的区域, 15 毫巴为离散相和30毫巴连续相。等待3分钟的稳定和平衡, 直到稳定的流体流动没有气泡和硅烷残渣。</li>
	<li>在控制软件的用户界面上输入参数。将分散相的压力设置为系统的基级压力, 例如, 将其保持在45毫巴。增加连续相的压力, 直到乳液破裂模式从射流转变为尖端流模式, 然后等待5分钟的稳定。</li>
	<li>将 FEP 管端连接出水孔和离心管以收集水滴。</li>
</ol>6. PEGDA 粒子的收集和表征
<ol><li>固定在夹具中的离心管斜。当液相流向管时, 通过紫外暴露快速凝固获得 PEGDA 颗粒。</li>
	<li>完成采集过程后, 分别通过20X 或60X 对象的荧光显微镜对 PEGDA 粒子进行取样和观察。 注意.通过定制的软件程序, 对摄像机捕获的数字荧光图像进行了分析。该图像是基于 R L 算法17的第一卷积, 消除聚焦光的模糊效应, 并基于精明边缘检测方法提取图像中的球面对象;最后, 用霍夫变换18计算出各球面对象的直径。因此, 可以估计每个图像中球面物体直径的平均值和标准偏差。</li>
</ol>

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使用2D 和 semi-3D 微流控装置的流聚焦模式产生的水滴, 以前已经在各种报告8,9,15,19,20, 21。在这些系统中, 不凝固的水溶液被选择为分散的相, 如去离子水8,15,20,<sup class="xre...

液滴基微流控系统具有从纳米到微米直径范围1的高单分散液滴的能力, 在高通量药物发现2中具有很大的潜力, 生物大分子的合成3 、4和诊断测试5。由于小水滴的独特优势, 如表面积大、体积比大、应用少, 微升的样品多, 这项技术在广泛的领域引起了广泛的关注。两种不相容液体的乳化是产生水滴的最典型方法之一。在以前的报告中, 研究人员开发了各种不同的水滴形成几何学, 包括 T 连接, 流动聚焦和共同流动的几何图形。在 T 形连接几何中, 分散相通过垂直通道传递到主通道中, 连续相流6,7。在典型的二维 (2D) 流聚焦8、9几何中, 分散相流从侧面剪切;而对于共流几何10,11, 另一方面, 一毛细管引入分散相流被放置在一个较大的毛细管内的共同流动的几何, 使分散的相流被剪切从所有方向。
液滴尺寸通过调整通道尺寸和流速比来控制, 而由共流或 T 结产生的最小尺寸仅限于数微米。对于流动聚焦液滴形成系统, 通过调整两相和表面活性剂浓度的压力比, 包括滴水状态、喷射机制和尖端流15, 形成三种液滴破裂形式。提示流模式也称为螺纹形成, 并观察从分散相流锥尖端绘制出的细线的外观。先前的研究表明, 在2D 或 semi-3D 流聚焦装置8,12中, 可以产生小于几微米的水滴。然而, 作为一个含有极低浓度 PEGDA 的水溶液作为分散相, PEGDA 颗粒的收缩率大约是光聚合后直径的原水滴的 60%, 而 PEGDA 不稀释作为分散相位导致不稳定的尖端流模式12。界面张力是乳化过程的重要参数, 由于表面活性剂加入到连续相液中会降低, 从而降低液滴尺寸、高频率13、高弯曲尖端, 并防止不稳定14。此外, 当大块表面活性剂浓度比临界胶束浓度高得多时, 在饱和态13中界面张力近似不变, 尖端流态可发生15。
在此基础上, 本文利用多层软光刻技术制备了一种 semi-3D 流聚焦微流控器 PEGDA 液滴生成方法。与典型的2D 流聚焦装置不同, semi-3D 流聚焦装置具有浅分散相通道和深部连续相通道, 使分散相可以在侧边上下剪切。这为流聚焦模式提供了更大的调整范围, 减少了液滴破碎所需的能量和压力。与上一次报告12不同, 分散相是纯 PEGDAcontaining 的光引发剂, 确保 PEGDA 颗粒的收缩率低于 10%16;连续相是烷溶于硅基非离子表面活性剂的高体积浓度的混合物。通过调整两个相的压力比, 产生尺寸可控和均匀的水滴。水滴的直径从80µm 到1µm, 因为液滴分解过程从射流模式到尖端流模式的变化。此外, 在紫外曝光的光聚合过程中合成了 PEGDA 颗粒。易于制造的液滴生成微流控系统将为生物应用提供更多的可能性。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Silicon wafer</td><td>Huashi Co., Ltd</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SU-8 2025, 2100</td><td>Microchem Co.</td><td>Y111069</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SU-8 developer</td><td>Microchem Co.</td><td>Y020100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chromium mask</td><td>Qingyi Precision Mask Making Co., Ltd</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)</td><td>Dow Corning</td><td>Sylgard 184</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>26570-48-9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-hydroxy-40-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone</td><td>TCI</td><td>H1361-5G</td><td>photoinitiator</td></tr><tr><td>Hexadecane</td><td>Sigma</td><td>544-76- 3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ABIL EM 90</td><td>CHT</td><td>144243-53-8</td><td>surfactants</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodamine B</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>81-88-9</td><td>fluorescent dye</td></tr><tr><td>Spin Coater</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lithography machine</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Automatic ointment agitator</td><td>Thinky</td><td>ARV-310</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oven</td><td>BluePard</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Optical microscope</td><td>OLYMPUS</td><td>IX71</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>High-speed camera</td><td>Hamamatsu, Japan</td><td>ORCA-flash</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MAESFLO Microfluidic Fluid Control System</td><td>FLUIGENT</td><td>MFCS-EZ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>UV lamp</td><td>FUTANSI</td><td></td><td>365 nm UV light, 8000 MW/CM&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table>

generation of size-controlled poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate droplets via semi-3-dimensional flow focusing microfluidic devices

通过微流控装置中的流动聚焦过程, 可以产生均匀和大小可控的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯 (PEGDA) 液滴。本文提出了一种用于雾滴形成的三维 (semi-3D) 流聚焦微流控芯片。采用多层软光刻法制作了烷芯片。烷含有表面活性剂作为连续相, PEGDA 与紫外光引发剂是分散相。表面活性剂允许局部表面张力下降, 形成了一个更 cusped 的尖端, 促进破碎成微小的微滴。当分散相的压力恒定时, 液滴的大小随着连续相压力的增大而逐渐减小, 从而使分散相流中断。因此, 通过改变两个进气道的压力比, 可选择性地实现直径从1µm 到80µm 的水滴, 平均变化系数估计在7% 以下。此外, 在光聚合中, 液滴可以通过紫外线照射变成微珠。这种微珠表面的共轭生物分子在生物学和化学领域有许多潜在的应用。

semi-3D 流聚焦微流控芯片采用多层软光刻技术制作而成。protocolare 中主模的制作过程和结果如图 2所示。第一层提供65µm 宽通道, 用于引入分散相和50µm 宽孔 (图 2a), 厚度为20µm。另外130µm 厚度层用于提供连续相通道和出口通道 (图 2b)。图 2c显示?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices at JoVE.com

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

在这里, 我们提出了一个协议来说明一个半三维 (semi-3D) 流聚焦微流控芯片的形成过程和验证实验。

Semi-3-Dimensional 流聚焦微流控装置产生尺寸控制的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯液滴

Uniform and size-controllable poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) droplets could be produced via the flow focusing process in a microfluidic device. ...

generation-size-controlled-poly-ethylene-glycol-diacrylate-droplets

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Generation of Size-controlled Poly (ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

7.7K 次观看.  Tsinghua University. 在这里, 我们提出了一个协议来说明一个半三维 (semi-3D) 流聚焦微流控芯片的形成过程和验证实验。

视频: Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets

Here, we demonstrate a simple method for the rapid production of size-controllable, monodisperse, W/O microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal microfluidic device. W/O microdroplets have recently been used in powerful methods that enable miniaturized chemical experiments. Therefore, developing a versatile method to yield monodisperse W/O microdroplets is needed. We have developed a method for generating monodisperse W/O microdroplets based on a capillary-based centrifugal axisymmetric co-flowing microfluidic device. We succeeded in controlling the size of microdroplets by adjusting the capillary orifice. Our method requires equipment that is easier-to-use than with other microfluidic techniques, requires only a small volume (0.1-1 &#181;l) of sample solution for encapsulation, and enables the production of hundreds of thousands number of W/O microdroplets per second. We expect this method will assist biological studies that require precious biological samples by conserving the volume of the samples for rapid quantitative analysis biochemical and biological studies.

Here, we demonstrate a simple production method for size-controllable, monodisperse, water-in-oil (W/O) microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal microfluidic device. This method requires only a small sample volume and enables high-yield production. We expect this method will be useful for rapid biochemical and cellular analyses.

基于毛细管的离心微流体装置单分散微滴的大小可控的形成

Here, we demonstrate a simple method for the rapid production of size-controllable, monodisperse, W/O microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal ...

科研

工程学

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

The generation of monodisperse droplets with high viscosity has always been a challenge in droplet microfluidics. Here, we demonstrate a phase-inversion co-flow device to generate uniform high-viscosity droplets in a low-viscosity fluid. The microfluidic capillary device has a common co-flow structure with its exit connecting to a wider tube. Elongated droplets of the low-viscosity fluid are first encapsulated by the high-viscosity fluid in the co-flow structure. As the elongated low-viscosity droplets flow through the exit, which is treated to be wetted by the low-viscosity fluid, phase inversion is then induced by the adhesion of the low viscosity droplets to the tip of the exit, which results in the subsequent inverse encapsulation of the high-viscosity fluid. The size of the resultant high-viscosity droplets can be adjusted by changing the flow rate ratio of the low-viscosity fluid to the high-viscosity fluid. We demonstrate several typical examples of the generation of high-viscosity droplets with a viscosity up to 11.9 Pas, such as glycerol, honey, starch, and polymer solution. The method provides a simple and straightforward approach to generate monodisperse high-viscosity droplets, which may be used in a variety of droplet-based applications, such as materials synthesis, drug delivery, cell assay, bioengineering, and food engineering.

A phase-inversion co-flow device is demonstrated to generate monodisperse high-viscosity droplets above 1 Pas, which is difficult to realize in droplet microfluidics.

反相共流微流控毛细管装置制备高粘度水滴的方法

The generation of monodisperse droplets with high viscosity has always been a challenge in droplet microfluidics. Here, we demonstrate a phase-inversion ...

化学

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

This paper focuses on the microfluidic process (and its parameters) to prepare actuating particles from liquid crystalline elastomers. The preparation usually consists in the formation of droplets containing low molar mass liquid crystals at elevated temperatures. Subsequently, these particle precursors are oriented in the flow field of the capillary and solidified by a crosslinking polymerization, which produces the final actuating particles. The optimization of the process is necessary to obtain the actuating particles and the proper variation of the process parameters (temperature and flow rate) and allows variations of size and shape (from oblate to strongly prolate morphologies) as well as the magnitude of actuation. In addition, it is possible to vary the type of actuation from elongation to contraction depending on the director profile induced to the droplets during the flow in the capillary, which again depends on the microfluidic process and its parameters. Furthermore, particles of more complex shapes, like core-shell structures or Janus particles, can be prepared by adjusting the setup. By the variation of the chemical structure and the mode of crosslinking (solidification) of the liquid crystalline elastomer, it is also possible to prepare actuating particles triggered by heat or UV-vis irradiation.

This article describes the microfluidic process and parameters to prepare actuating particles from liquid crystalline elastomers. This process allows the preparation of actuating particles and the variation of their size and shape (from oblate to strongly prolate, core-shell, and Janus morphologies) as well as the magnitude of actuation.

液晶弹性体致动器的微流控制备

This paper focuses on the microfluidic process (and its parameters) to prepare actuating particles from liquid crystalline elastomers. The preparation ...

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Double emulsions are useful in a number of biological and industrial applications in which it is important to have an aqueous carrier fluid. This paper presents a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device capable of generating water/oil/water double emulsions using a coaxial flow focusing geometry that can be fabricated entirely using soft lithography. Similar to emulsion devices using glass capillaries, double emulsions can be formed in channels with uniform wettability and with dimensions much smaller than the channel sizes. Three dimensional flow focusing geometry is achieved by casting a pair of PDMS slabs using two layer soft lithography, then mating the slabs together in a clamshell configuration. Complementary locking features molded into the PDMS slabs enable the accurate registration of features on each of the slab surfaces. Device testing demonstrates formation of double emulsions from 14 &#181;m to 50 &#181;m in diameter while using large channels that are robust against fouling and clogging.

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Microfluidic double emulsions generation typically involves devices with patterned wettability or custom-fabricated glass components. Here we describe the fabrication and testing of an all polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) double emulsion generator that does not require surface treatment or complicated fabrication processes, and is capable of producing double emulsions down to 14 &#181;m.

复乳代使用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）同轴流量聚焦设备

Double emulsions are useful in a number of biological and industrial applications in which it is important to have an aqueous carrier fluid. This paper ...

生物工程

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules

Advances in spatial resolution and detection sensitivity of scientific instrumentation make it possible to apply small reactors for biological and chemical research. To meet the demand for high-performance microreactors, we developed a femtoliter droplet array (FemDA) device and exemplified its application in massively parallel cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions. Over one million uniform droplets were readily generated within a finger-sized area using a two-step oil-sealing protocol. Every droplet was anchored in a femtoliter microchamber composed of a hydrophilic bottom and a hydrophobic sidewall. The hybrid hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic structure and the dedicated sealing oils and surfactants are crucial for stably retaining the femtoliter aqueous solution in the femtoliter space without evaporation loss. The femtoliter configuration and the simple structure of the FemDA device allowed minimal reagent consumption. The uniform dimension of the droplet reactors made large-scale quantitative and time-course measurements convincing and reliable. The FemDA technology correlated the protein yield of the CFPS reaction with the number of DNA molecules in each droplet. We streamlined the procedures about the microfabrication of the device, the formation of the femtoliter droplets, and the acquisition and analysis of the microscopic image data. The detailed protocol with the optimized low running cost makes the FemDA technology accessible to everyone who has standard cleanroom facilities and a conventional fluorescence microscope in their own place.

The overall goal of the protocol is to prepare over one million ordered, uniform, stable, and biocompatible femtoliter droplets on a 1 cm2 planar substrate that can be used for cell-free protein synthesis.

用于从单一DNA分子大规模平行蛋白质合成的Femtoliter滴体阵列

Advances in spatial resolution and detection sensitivity of scientific instrumentation make it possible to apply small reactors for biological and ...

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

While various smart materials have been explored for a variety of biomedical applications (e.g., drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, etc.), their ultimate clinical use has been hampered by the lack of biologically-relevant degradation observed for most smart materials. This is particularly true for temperature-responsive hydrogels, which are almost uniformly based on polymers that are functionally non-degradable (e.g., poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) or poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA)). As such, to effectively translate the potential of thermoresponsive hydrogels to the challenges of remote-controlled or metabolism-regulated drug delivery, cell scaffolds with tunable cell-material interactions, theranostic materials with the potential for both imaging and drug delivery, and other such applications, a method is required to render the hydrogels (if not fully degradable) at least capable of renal clearance following the required lifetime of the material. To that end, this protocol describes the preparation of hydrolytically-degradable hydrazone-crosslinked hydrogels on multiple length scales based on the reaction between hydrazide and aldehyde-functionalized PNIPAM or POEGMA oligomers with molecular weights below the renal filtration limit. Specifically, methods to fabricate degradable thermoresponsive bulk hydrogels (using a double barrel syringe technique), hydrogel particles (on both the microscale through the use of a microfluidics platform facilitating simultaneous mixing and emulsification of the precursor polymers and the nanoscale through the use of a thermally-driven self-assembly and cross-linking method), and hydrogel nanofibers (using a reactive electrospinning strategy) are described. In each case, hydrogels with temperature-responsive properties similar to those achieved via conventional free radical cross-linking processes can be achieved, but the hydrazone cross-linked network can be degraded over time to re-form the oligomeric precursor polymers and enable clearance. As such, we anticipate these methods (which may be generically applied to any synthetic water-soluble polymer, not just smart materials) will enable easier translation of synthetic smart materials to clinical applications.

Protocols are described for the fabrication of degradable thermoresponsive hydrogels based on hydrazone cross-linking of polymeric oligomers on the bulk scale, microscale, and nanoscale, the latter for preparation of both gel nanoparticles and nanofibers.

通过反应挤出、微流体、自组装和电纺丝制备多长尺度可降解 Thermoresponsive 水凝胶

While various smart materials have been explored for a variety of biomedical applications (e.g., drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, etc.), ...

Glass-Based Devices to Generate Drops and Emulsions

In this manuscript, three different step-by-step protocols to generate highly monodisperse emulsion drops using glass-based microfluidics are described. The first device is built for the generation of simple drops driven by gravity. The second device is designed to generate emulsion drops in a coflowing scheme. The third device is an extension of the coflowing device with the addition of a third liquid that acts as an electric ground, allowing the formation of electrified drops that subsequently discharge. In this setup, two of the three liquids have an appreciable electrical conductivity. The third liquid mediates between these two and is a dielectric. A&#160;voltage difference applied between the two conducting liquids creates an electric field that couples with hydrodynamic stresses of the coflowing liquids, affecting the jet and drop formation process. The addition of the electric field provides a path to generate smaller drops than in simple coflow devices and for generating particles and fibers with a wide range of sizes.

Here, a protocol to manufacture glass-based microfluidic devices used for generating highly monodisperse emulsions with controlled drop size is presented.

基于玻璃的设备，用于产生液滴和乳液

In this manuscript, three different step-by-step protocols to generate highly monodisperse emulsion drops using glass-based microfluidics are described. ...

A Droplet-Based Microfluidic Approach and Microsphere-PCR Amplification for Single-Stranded DNA Amplicons

Droplet-based microfluidics enable the reliable production of homogeneous microspheres in the microfluidic channel, providing controlled size and morphology of the obtained microsphere. A microsphere copolymerized with an acrydite-DNA probe was successfully fabricated. Different methods such as asymmetric PCR, exonuclease digestion, and isolation on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads can be used to synthesize single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). However, these methods cannot efficiently use large amounts of highly purified ssDNA. Here, we describe a microsphere-PCR protocol detailing how ssDNA can be efficiently amplified and separated from dsDNA simply by pipetting from a PCR reaction tube. The amplification of ssDNA can be applied as potential reagents for the DNA microarray and DNA-SELEX (Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) processes.

This work provides a method for the fabrication of droplet-based microfluidic platforms and the application of polyacrylamide microspheres for microsphere-PCR amplification. The microsphere-PCR method makes it possible to obtain single-stranded DNA amplicons without separating double-stranded DNA.

一种基于液滴的单链 dna 放大术和微球 pcr 扩增法

Droplet-based microfluidics enable the reliable production of homogeneous microspheres in the microfluidic channel, providing controlled size and ...

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Mimicking in vivo environmental conditions is crucial for in vitro studies on complex life machinery. However, current techniques targeting live cells and organs are either highly expensive, like robotics, or lack nanoliter volume and millisecond time accuracy in liquid manipulation. We herein present the design and fabrication of a microfluidic system, which consists of 1,500 culture units, an array of enhanced peristaltic pumps and an on-site mixing modulus. To demonstrate the capacities of the microfluidic device, neural stem cell (NSC) spheres are maintained in the proposed system. We observed that when the NSC sphere is exposed to CXCL in day 1 and EGF in day 2, the round-shaped conformation is well maintained. Variation in the input order of 6 drugs causes morphological changes to the NSC sphere and the expression level representative marker for NSC stemness (i.e., Hes5 and Dcx). These results indicate that dynamic and complex environmental conditions have great effects on NSC differentiation and self-renewal, and the proposed microfluidic device is a suitable platform for high throughput studies on the complex life machinery.

We present a microfluidic system for high throughput studies on complex life machinery, which consists of 1500 culture units, an array of enhanced peristaltic pumps and an on-site mixing modulus. The microfluidic chip allows for the analysis of the highly complex and dynamic micro-environmental conditions in vivo.

使用高通量微流体设备生成动态环境条件

Mimicking in vivo environmental conditions is crucial for in vitro studies on complex life machinery. However, current techniques targeting live cells and ...

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

Mitotic spindle assembly, positioning and orientation depend on the combined forces generated by microtubule dynamics, microtubule motor proteins and cross-linkers. Growing microtubules can generate pushing forces, while depolymerizing microtubules can convert the energy from microtubule shrinkage into pulling forces, when attached, for example, to cortical dynein or chromosomes. In addition, motor proteins and diffusible cross-linkers within the spindle contribute to spindle architecture by connecting and sliding anti-parallel microtubules. In vivo, it has proven difficult to unravel the relative contribution of individual players to the overall balance of forces. Here we present the methods that we recently developed in our efforts to reconstitute basic mitotic spindles bottom-up in vitro. Using microfluidic techniques, centrosomes and tubulin are encapsulated in water-in-oil emulsion droplets, leading to the formation of geometrically confined (double) microtubule asters. By additionally introducing cortically anchored dynein, plus-end directed microtubule motors and diffusible cross-linkers, this system is used to reconstitute spindle-like structures. The methods presented here provide a starting point for reconstitution of more complete mitotic spindles, allowing for a detailed study of the contribution of each individual component, and for obtaining an integrated quantitative view of the force-balance within the mitotic spindle.

The assembly and positioning of the mitotic spindle depend on the combined forces generated by microtubule dynamics, motor proteins and cross-linkers. Here we present our recently developed methods in which the geometrical confinement of spherical emulsion droplets is used for the bottom-up reconstitution of basic mitotic spindles.

基本的有丝分裂纺锤体的重组在球形乳液液滴

Mitotic spindle assembly, positioning and orientation depend on the combined forces generated by microtubule dynamics, microtubule motor proteins and ...